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ASTM D4366-14

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Hardness of Organic Coatings by Pendulum Damping Tests

Standard Test Methods for Hardness of Organic Coatings by Pendulum Damping Tests

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The pendulum damping test has been found to have good sensitivity in detecting differences in coating hardness, where hardness is defined as resistance to deformation.  
5.2 The two procedures given in these test methods embody the principle that the amplitude of oscillation of a pendulum touching a surface decreases more rapidly the softer the surface. However, these test methods differ in respect to pendulum dimensions, and period and amplitude of oscillation.  
5.3 In general, the damping time of the König pendulum is approximately half that of the Persoz pendulum.  
5.4 The Persoz pendulum has a greater degree of discrimination than the König for measuring the hardness of soft coatings, but it may not be as suitable for testing hard, slippery films because of its tendency to skid on surfaces with a low coefficient of friction.  
5.5 The interaction between the pendulum and the paint film is complex, depending on both elastic and viscoelastic properties, and it may not be possible to establish a precise relationship between the two types of pendulum tests.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the use of pendulum damping testers in the determination of hardness of organic coatings that have been applied to acceptably plane rigid surfaces, such as a metal or glass panel.  
1.2 Two test methods based on different pendulum types are covered as follows:  
1.2.1 Test Method A—König Pendulum Hardness Test.  
1.2.2 Test Method B—Persoz Pendulum Hardness Test.  
1.3 This standard is similar in content (but not technically equivalent) to ISO 1522.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
14-Sep-2014
ICS
87.040 - Paints and varnishes
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.23 - Physical Properties of Applied Paint Films
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4366-95 - Standard Test Methods for Hardness of Organic Coatings by Pendulum Damping Tests (Withdrawn 2003)
Effective Date
15-Sep-2014
Referred By
ASTM D16-23 - Standard Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Effective Date
15-Sep-2014

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ASTM D4366-14 - Standard Test Methods for Hardness of Organic Coatings by Pendulum Damping TestsASTM D4366-14 - Standard Test Methods for Hardness of Organic Coatings by Pendulum Damping Tests
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ASTM D4366-14 - Standard Test Methods for Hardness of Organic Coatings by Pendulum Damping Tests
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4366 − 14
Standard Test Methods for
1
Hardness of Organic Coatings by Pendulum Damping Tests
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4366; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Film Thickness of Nonconductive Coatings Applied to a
3
Nonferrous Metal Base (Withdrawn 2006)
1.1 These test methods cover the use of pendulum damping
D3891 Practice for Preparation of Glass Panels for Testing
testersinthedeterminationofhardnessoforganiccoatingsthat
Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Products
have been applied to acceptably plane rigid surfaces, such as a
4
2.2 Other Standard:
metal or glass panel.
ISO 1522 Paints and Varnishes Pendulum Damping Test
1.2 Two test methods based on different pendulum types are
covered as follows:
3. Terminology
1.2.1 Test Method A—König Pendulum Hardness Test.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.2.2 Test Method B—Persoz Pendulum Hardness Test.
3.1.1 König hardness, n—time in seconds for the swing
1.3 This standard is similar in content (but not technically
amplitude of the König pendulum to decrease from 6 to 3°.
equivalent) to ISO 1522.
3.1.2 Persoz hardness, n—time in seconds for the swing
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
amplitude of the Persoz pendulum to decrease from 12 to 4°.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
4. Summary of Test Methods
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 A pendulum resting on a coating surface is set into
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
oscillation (rocking) and the time for the oscillation amplitude
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
to decrease by a specified amount measured. The shorter the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
damping time, the lower the hardness.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents
5.1 The pendulum damping test has been found to have
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
good sensitivity in detecting differences in coating hardness,
D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness
where hardness is defined as resistance to deformation.
of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels
5.2 The two procedures given in these test methods embody
D1005 Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick-
the principle that the amplitude of oscillation of a pendulum
ness of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers
touching a surface decreases more rapidly the softer the
D1186 Test Methods for Nondestructive Measurement of
surface. However, these test methods differ in respect to
Dry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to
3 pendulum dimensions, and period and amplitude of oscillation.
a Ferrous Base (Withdrawn 2006)
5.3 In general, the damping time of the König pendulum is
D1400 TestMethodforNondestructiveMeasurementofDry
approximately half that of the Persoz pendulum.
5.4 The Persoz pendulum has a greater degree of discrimi-
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
nation than the König for measuring the hardness of soft
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
coatings, but it may not be as suitable for testing hard, slippery
Subcommittee D01.23 on Physical Properties of Applied Paint Films.
Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2014. Published October 2014. Originally films because of its tendency to skid on surfaces with a low
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 1995 as D4366– 95 which was
coefficient of friction.
withdrawn February 2003 and reinstated in September 2014. DOI: 10.1520/D4366-
14. 5.5 Theinteractionbetweenthependulumandthepaintfilm
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
is complex, depending on both elastic and viscoelastic
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3 4
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
www.astm.org. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4366 − 14
properties, and it may not be possible to establish a precise 7.1.1 Place the polished glass panel on the panel table and
relationship b
...

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