ASTM D6602-13(2022)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Sampling and Testing of Possible Carbon Black Fugitive Emissions or Other Environmental Particulate, or Both
Standard Practice for Sampling and Testing of Possible Carbon Black Fugitive Emissions or Other Environmental Particulate, or Both
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 There are a variety of darkening agents that contribute to air and surface contamination in industrial, urban and rural environments. Biofilms (fungal and algal), soil minerals, plant fragments, rubber fragments, metal corrosion and soot are common darkening agents. Soot is formed as an unwanted by-product of combustion and consequently varies widely with the type of fuel and combustion conditions. Carbon black, on the other hand, is purposely produced under a controlled set of conditions. Therefore, it is important to be able to distinguish carbon black from soot, as well as other environmental contaminants.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers sampling and testing for distinguishing ASTM type carbon black, in the N100 to N900 series, from other environmental particulates.
1.2 This practice requires some degree of expertise on the part of the microscopist. For this reason, the microscopist must have adequate training and on-the-job experience in identifying the morphological parameters of carbon black and general knowledge of other particles that may be found in the environment. In support of this analysis, Donnet's book2 is highly recommended to be used as a technical reference for recognizing and understanding the microstructure of carbon black.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
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Designation: D6602 − 13 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Practice for
Sampling and Testing of Possible Carbon Black Fugitive
1
Emissions or Other Environmental Particulate, or Both
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6602; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
3
1.1 This practice covers sampling and testing for distin- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
guishing ASTM type carbon black, in the N100 to N900 series, D1619 Test Methods for Carbon Black—Sulfur Content
from other environmental particulates. D3053 Terminology Relating to Carbon Black
D3849 Test Method for Carbon Black—Morphological
1.2 This practice requires some degree of expertise on the
Characterization of Carbon Black Using Electron Micros-
part of the microscopist. For this reason, the microscopist must
copy
have adequate training and on-the-job experience in identifying
the morphological parameters of carbon black and general
3. Terminology
knowledge of other particles that may be found in the envi-
2
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
ronment. In support of this analysis, Donnet’s book is highly
3.1.1 aciniform—shaped like a cluster of grapes.
recommended to be used as a technical reference for recogniz-
3.1.1.1 Discussion—The spheroidal primary particles of
ing and understanding the microstructure of carbon black.
carbon black are fused into aggregates of colloidal dimension
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
forming an acinoform morphology.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.1.2 aciniform carbon—colloidal carbon having a mor-
standard.
phology consisting of spheroidal primary particles (nodules)
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials,
fused together in aggregates of colloidal dimension in a shape
operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to
having grape-like clusters or open branch-like structures
address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its
3.1.3 carbon black, n—an engineered material, primarily
use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to
composed of elemental carbon, obtained from the partial
establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental prac-
combustion or thermal decomposition of hydrocarbons, exist-
tices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations
ing in the form of aggregates of aciniform morphology which
prior to use.
are composed of spheroidal primary particles characterized by
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
uniformity of primary particle sizes within a given aggregate
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
and turbostratic layering within the primary particles.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.1.3.1 Discussion—Particle size and aggregate size (num-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
ber of particles per aggregate) are distributional properties and
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
vary depending on the carbon black grade. Transmission
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
electron micrographs shown in Annex A2 demonstrate that
while particle and aggregate sizes vary greatly within a given
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D24 on Carbon
grade of carbon black, the primary particle size is essentially
Black and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D24.66 on Environment,
uniform within an individual aggregate.
Health, and Safety.
Current edition approved June 1, 2022. Published July 2022. Originally approved
in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as D6602 – 13 (2018). DOI:
3
10.1520/D6602-13R22. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
2
Hess, W.M. and Herd, C.R., Carbon Black Science and Technology, Edited by contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Donnet, J.B., Bansal, R.C., and Wang, M.J., Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, NY, Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
1993, pp. 89–173. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6602 − 13 (2022)
3.1.4 chain of custody—a document describing the condi- 4. Summary of Practice
tion of a sample during its collection, analysis, and disposal.
4.1 This practice describes the procedures and protocols to
3.1.5 char—a particulate larger than 1 µm made by incom- follow in order to coll
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6602 − 13 (Reapproved 2018) D6602 − 13 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Practice for
Sampling and Testing of Possible Carbon Black Fugitive
1
Emissions or Other Environmental Particulate, or Both
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6602; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers sampling and testing for distinguishing ASTM type carbon black, in the N100 to N900 series, from other
environmental particulates.
1.2 This practice requires some degree of expertise on the part of the microscopist. For this reason, the microscopist must have
adequate training and on-the-job experience in identifying the morphological parameters of carbon black and general knowledge
2
of other particles that may be found in the environment. In support of this analysis, Donnet’s book is highly recommended to be
used as a technical reference for recognizing and understanding the microstructure of carbon black.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all
of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate
safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1619 Test Methods for Carbon Black—Sulfur Content
D3053 Terminology Relating to Carbon Black
D3849 Test Method for Carbon Black—Morphological Characterization of Carbon Black Using Electron Microscopy
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 aciniform—shaped like a cluster of grapes.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D24 on Carbon Black and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D24.66 on Environment, Health, and
Safety.
Current edition approved June 1, 2018June 1, 2022. Published August 2018July 2022. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 20132018 as
D6602 – 13.D6602 – 13 (2018). DOI: 10.1520/D6602-13R18.10.1520/D6602-13R22.
2
Hess, W.M. and Herd, C.R., Carbon Black Science and Technology, Edited by Donnet, J.B., Bansal, R.C., and Wang, M.J., Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, NY, 1993,
pp. 89–173.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6602 − 13 (2022)
3.1.1.1 Discussion—
The spheroidal primary particles of carbon black are fused into aggregates of colloidal dimension forming an acinoform
morphology.
3.1.2 aciniform carbon—colloidal carbon having a morphology consisting of spheroidal primary particles (nodules) fused together
in aggregates of colloidal dimension in a shape having grape-like clusters or open branch-like structures
3.1.3 carbon black, n—an engineered material, primarily composed of elemental carbon, obtained from the partial combustion or
thermal decomposition of hydrocarbons, existing in the form of aggregates of aciniform morphology which are composed of
spheroidal primary particles characterized by uniformity of primary particle sizes within a given aggregate and turbostratic layering
within the primary particles.
3.1.3.1 Discussion—
Particle size and aggregate size (number of particles per aggregate) are distributional properties and vary depending on the carbon
black grade. Transmission electron micrographs shown in Annex A2 demonstrate that while particle and aggregate sizes vary
greatly within a given grade of carbon black, the primary particle
...
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