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ASTM D7185-11a

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Low Toluene Low Dioxane (LTLD) Benzene

Standard Specification for Low Toluene Low Dioxane (LTLD) Benzene

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for a grade of benzene known as low toluene low dioxane (LTLD) benzene. Sampled materials shall meet specified values of the following physical and chemical properties: purity; toluene content; sulfur content; thiophene content; nonaromatic hydrocarbons content; nitrogen content; acid wash color; color in Pt-Co scale; 1,4 dioxane content; anhydrous basis solidification point; water content; and total chlorides.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a grade of benzene known as Low Toluene Low Dioxane (LTLD) Benzene.
1.2 The following applies to all specified limits in this standard: for purposes of determining conformance with this standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 Consult current OSHA regulations, supplier's Material Safety Data Sheets, and local regulations for all materials used in this specification.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Jul-2011
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D16 - Aromatic, Industrial, Specialty and Related Chemicals
Drafting Committee
D16.01 - Benzene, Toluene, Xylenes, Cyclohexane and Their Derivatives
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D7185-11 - Standard Specification for Low Toluene Low Dioxane (LTLD) Benzene
Effective Date
01-Aug-2011
Replaced By
ASTM D7185-12 - Standard Specification for Low Toluene Low Dioxane (LTLD) Benzene
Effective Date
01-Nov-2012

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D7185 −11a
StandardSpecification for
1
Low Toluene Low Dioxane (LTLD) Benzene
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7185; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D5194 Test Method for Trace Chloride in Liquid Aromatic
Hydrocarbons
1.1 This specification covers a grade of benzene known as
D5386 Test Method for Color of Liquids Using Tristimulus
Low Toluene Low Dioxane (LTLD) Benzene.
Colorimetry
1.2 The following applies to all specified limits in this
D5808 Test Method for Determining Chloride in Aromatic
standard: for purposes of determining conformance with this
Hydrocarbons and Related Chemicals by Microcoulom-
standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be
etry
rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit
D6069 Test Method for Trace Nitrogen in Aromatic Hydro-
used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with
carbons by Oxidative Combustion and Reduced Pressure
the rounding-off method of Practice E29.
Chemiluminescence Detection
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the D6304 Test Method for Determination of Water in Petro-
leum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Cou-
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only. lometric Karl Fischer Titration
D6875 Test Method for Solidification Point of Industrial
1.4 Consult current OSHA regulations, supplier’s Material
Organic Chemicals by Thermistor
Safety Data Sheets, and local regulations for all materials used
D7011 Test Method for Determination of Trace Thiophene
in this specification.
in Refined Benzene by Gas Chromatography and Sulfur
Selective Detection
2. Referenced Documents
D7183 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Chemicals by Ultra-
D848 Test Method for Acid Wash Color of Industrial Aro-
violet Fluorescence
matic Hydrocarbons
D7184 Test Method for Ultra Low Nitrogen in Aromatic
D852 Test Method for Solidification Point of Benzene
Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Combustion and Reduced
D1209 Test Method for Color of Clear Liquids (Platinum-
Pressure Chemiluminescence Detection
Cobalt Scale)
D7359 Test Method for Total Fluorine, Chlorine and Sulfur
D1685 Test Method for Traces of Thiophene in Benzene by
in Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Mixtures by Oxida-
3
Spectrophotometry (Withdrawn 2009)
tive Pyrohydrolytic Combustion followed by Ion Chroma-
D3437 Practice for Sampling and Handling Liquid Cyclic
tography Detection (Combustion Ion Chromatography-
Products
CIC)
D4492 Test Method for Analysis of Benzene by Gas Chro-
D7375 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Water in Aro-
matography
matic Hydrocarbons and Their Mixtures by Coulometric
D4735 Test Method for Determination of Trace Thiophene
Karl Fischer Titration
in Refined Benzene by Gas Chromatography
D7504 Test Method for Trace Impurities in Monocyclic
Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Gas Chromatography and
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D16 on
Effective Carbon Number
Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Chemicals and is the direct responsibility of
D7536 Test Method for Chlorine in Aromatics by Mono-
Subcommittee D16.01 on Benzene, Toluene, Xylenes, Cyclohexane and Their
chromatic Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence
Derivatives.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2011. Published September 2011. Originally Spectrometry
approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D7185 - 11. DOI:
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
10.1520/D7185-11A.
Determine Conformance with Specifications
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
E1064 Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by Coulo-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
metric Karl Fischer Titration
the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7185−11a
2.2 Other Document:
Property Specification ASTM Test
A
Method
OSHA Regulations, 29 CFR paragraphs 1910.1000 and
B
Appearance .
4
1910.1200
Color, max, Pt–Co scale 20 D1209 or D5386
1,4 Dioxane, max, mg/kg 10 D4492 or D7504
3. Properties
Solidification point, anhydrous (if needed) D852 or D6875
basis, min, °C
3.1 Low T
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D7185–11 Designation: D7185 – 11a
Standard Specification for
1
Low Toluene Low Dioxane (LTLD) Benzene
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7185; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers a grade of benzene known as Low Toluene Low Dioxane (LTLD) Benzene.
1.2 The following applies to all specified limits in this standard: for purposes of determining conformance with this standard,
an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing
the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 Consult current OSHA regulations, supplier’s Material Safety Data Sheets, and local regulations for all materials used in
this specification.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D848 Test Method for Acid Wash Color of Industrial Aromatic Hydrocarbons
D852 Test Method for Solidification Point of Benzene
D1209 Test Method for Color of Clear Liquids (Platinum-Cobalt Scale)
D1685 Test Method for Traces of Thiophene in Benzene by Spectrophotometry
D3437 Practice for Sampling and Handling Liquid Cyclic Products
D4492 Test Method for Analysis of Benzene by Gas Chromatography
D4735 Test Method for Determination of Trace Thiophene in Refined Benzene by Gas Chromatography
D5194 Test Method for Trace Chloride in Liquid Aromatic Hydrocarbons
D5386 Test Method for Color of Liquids Using Tristimulus Colorimetry
D5808 Test Method for Determining Chloride in Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Chemicals by Microcoulometry
D6069 Test Method for Trace Nitrogen in Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Combustion and Reduced Pressure
Chemiluminescence Detection
D6304 Test Method for Determination of Water in Petroleum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Coulometric Karl
Fischer Titration
D6875 Test Method for Solidification Point of Industrial Organic Chemicals by Thermistor
D7011 Test Method for Determination of Trace Thiophene in Refined Benzene by Gas Chromatography and Sulfur Selective
Detection
D7183 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Chemicals by Ultraviolet
Fluorescence
D7184 Test Method for Ultra Low Nitrogen in Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Combustion and Reduced Pressure
Chemiluminescence Detection
D7359 Test Method for Total Fluorine, Chlorine and Sulfur in Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Mixtures by Oxidative
Pyrohydrolytic Combustion followed by Ion Chromatography Detection (Combustion Ion Chromatography-CIC)
D7375 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Water inAromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Mixtures by Coulometric Karl Fischer
Titration
D7504 Test Method forTrace Impurities in MonocyclicAromatic Hydrocarbons by Gas Chromatography and Effective Carbon
Number
D7536 Test Method for Chlorine in Aromatics by Monochromatic Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D16 onAromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Chemicals and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D16.01 on Benzene, Toluene, Xylenes, Cyclohexane and Their Derivatives.
Current edition approved Jan.Aug. 1, 2011. Published FebruarySeptember 2011. Originally approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 20102011 as D7185 - 101.
DOI: 10.1520/D7185-11A.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*ASummary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7185 – 11a
Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E1064 Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration
2

---------------------- Page: 2 -----------
...

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ASTM D7185-19(Specification)
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for a grade of benzene known as low toluene low dioxane (LTLD) benzene. Sampled materials shall meet specified values of the following physical and chemical properties: purity; toluene content; sulfur content; thiophene content; nonaromatic hydrocarbons content; nitrogen content; acid wash color; color in Pt-Co scale; 1,4 dioxane content; anhydrous basis solidification point; water content; and total chlorides.
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ASTM D7011-15(2019)(Test Method)
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Accurate gas chromatographic determination of trace levels of thiophene in benzene involves special analytical problems because of the difficulties of trace level analysis. These problems arise from the low concentration levels that need to be measured, the type of column and detector needed for analysis, and the potential interference from the benzene matrix.  
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SCOPE
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B  
Middle Distillates  
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Gas Oils  
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C  
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ASTM D5001-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Lubricity of Aviation Turbine Fuels by the Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator (BOCLE)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Wear due to excessive friction resulting in shortened life of engine components such as fuel pumps and fuel controls has sometimes been ascribed to lack of lubricity in an aviation fuel.  
5.2 The relationship of test results to aviation fuel system component distress due to wear has been demonstrated for some fuel/hardware combinations where boundary lubrication is a factor in the operation of the component.  
5.3 The wear scar generated in the ball-on-cylinder lubricity evaluator (BOCLE) test is sensitive to contamination of the fluids and test materials, the presence of oxygen and water in the atmosphere, and the temperature of the test. Lubricity measurements are also sensitive to trace materials acquired during sampling and storage. Containers specified in Practice D4306 shall be used.  
5.4 The BOCLE test method may not directly reflect operating conditions of engine hardware. For example, some fuels that contain a high content of certain sulfur compounds can give anomalous test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers assessment of the wear aspects of the boundary lubrication properties of aviation turbine fuels on rubbing steel surfaces.  
1.1.1 This test method incorporates two procedures, one using a semi-automated instrument and the second a fully automated instrument. Either of the two instruments may be used to carry out the test.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7484-23a(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Valve-Train Wear Performance in Cummins ISB Medium-Duty Diesel Engine

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method was developed to assess the performance of a heavy-duty engine oil in controlling engine wear under operating conditions selected to accelerate soot production and valve-train wear in a turbocharged and aftercooled four-cycle diesel engine with sliding tappet followers equipped with exhaust gas recirculation hardware.  
5.2 The design of the engine used in this test method is representative of many, but not all, modern diesel engines. This factor, along with the accelerated operating conditions, shall be considered when extrapolating test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the Cummins ISB Test, covers the utilization of a modern, 5.9 L, diesel engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation and is used to evaluate oil performance with regard to valve-train wear.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source of supply equipment specification.  
1.2.2 See also A7.1 for clarification; it does not supersede 1.2 and 1.2.1.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 for general safety precautions.  
1.4 Table of Contents:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
Engine Fluids and Cleaning Solvents  
7  
Preparation of Apparatus  
8  
Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests  
9  
Test Procedure  
10  
Calculations, Ratings, and Test Validity  
11  
Report  
12  
Precision and Bias  
13  
Annexes  
Safety Precautions  
Annex A1  
Intake Air Aftercooler  
Annex A2  
The Cummins ISB Engine Build Parts Kit  
Annex A3  
Sensor Locations and Special Hardware  
Annex A4  
External Oil System  
Annex A5  
Cummins Service Publications  
Annex A6  
Specified Units and Formats  
Annex A7  
Oil Analyses  
Annex A8  
Alternate Fuel Approval Process  
Annex A9  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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