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ASTM D4169-22

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Containers and Systems

Standard Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Containers and Systems

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice provides a guide for the evaluation of shipping units in accordance with a uniform system, using established test methods at levels representative of those occurring in actual distribution. The recommended test levels are based on available information on the shipping and handling environment, and current industry/government practice and experience (1-13).6 The tests should be performed sequentially on the same containers in the order given. For use as a performance test, this practice requires that the shipping unit tested remain unopened until the sequence of tests are completed. If used for other purposes, such as package development, it may be useful to open and inspect shipping units at various times throughout the sequence. This may, however, prohibit evaluating the influence of the container closure on container performance.  
4.2 For Distribution Cycle 18, as referred to in MIL-STD-2073–1, the use of this practice is defined in subsequent sections identified as DC-18.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides a uniform basis of evaluating, in a laboratory, the ability of shipping units to withstand the distribution environment. This is accomplished by subjecting them to a test plan consisting of a sequence of anticipated hazard elements encountered in various distribution cycles. This practice is not intended to supplant material specifications or existing preshipment test procedures.  
1.2 Consider the use of Practice D7386 for testing of packages for single parcel shipments.  
1.3 The suitability of this practice for use with hazardous materials has not been determined.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-2021
ICS
55.040 - Packaging materials and accessories
Technical Committee
D10 - Packaging
Drafting Committee
D10.21 - Shipping Containers and Systems - Application of Performance Test Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D5276-19(2023) - Standard Test Method for Drop Test of Loaded Containers by Free Fall
Effective Date
01-Oct-2023
Refers
ASTM D4003-98(2019)e1 - Standard Test Methods for Programmable Horizontal Impact Test for Shipping Containers and Systems
Effective Date
01-Aug-2019
Refers
ASTM D6055-96(2019) - Standard Test Methods for Mechanical Handling of Unitized Loads and Large Shipping Cases and Crates
Effective Date
01-Aug-2019
Refers
ASTM D5276-98(2017) - Standard Test Method for Drop Test of Loaded Containers by Free Fall
Effective Date
01-Sep-2017
Refers
ASTM D951-17 - Standard Test Method for Water Resistance of Shipping Containers by Spray Method
Effective Date
01-Sep-2017
Refers
ASTM D6344-04(2017) - Standard Test Method for Concentrated Impacts to Transport Packages
Effective Date
01-May-2017
Refers
ASTM D7386-16 - Standard Practice for Performance Testing of Packages for Single Parcel Delivery Systems
Effective Date
01-Apr-2016
Refers
ASTM D999-08(2015) - Standard Test Methods for Vibration Testing of Shipping Containers
Effective Date
01-Oct-2015
Refers
ASTM D4003-98(2015) - Standard Test Methods for Programmable Horizontal Impact Test for Shipping Containers and Systems
Effective Date
01-Oct-2015
Refers
ASTM D6055-96(2014) - Standard Test Methods for Mechanical Handling of Unitized Loads and Large Shipping Cases and Crates
Effective Date
01-Apr-2014
Refers
ASTM D4332-13 - Standard Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or Packaging Components for Testing
Effective Date
15-Mar-2013
Refers
ASTM D7386-12 - Standard Practice for Performance Testing of Packages for Single Parcel Delivery Systems
Effective Date
01-Apr-2012
Refers
ASTM D4728-06(2012) - Standard Test Method for Random Vibration Testing of Shipping Containers
Effective Date
01-Apr-2012
Refers
ASTM D996-10a - Standard Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environments
Effective Date
01-Dec-2010
Refers
ASTM D642-00(2010) - Standard Test Method for Determining Compressive Resistance of Shipping Containers, Components, and Unit Loads
Effective Date
01-Aug-2010

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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4169 − 22
Standard Practice for
1
Performance Testing of Shipping Containers and Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4169; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This practice provides a uniform basis of evaluating, in
a laboratory, the ability of shipping units to withstand the D642TestMethodforDeterminingCompressiveResistance
distribution environment. This is accomplished by subjecting of Shipping Containers, Components, and Unit Loads
them to a test plan consisting of a sequence of anticipated D880Test Method for ImpactTesting for Shipping Contain-
hazard elements encountered in various distribution cycles. ers and Systems
Thispracticeisnotintendedtosupplantmaterialspecifications D951Test Method for Water Resistance of Shipping Con-
or existing preshipment test procedures. tainers by Spray Method
D996Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-
1.2 Consider the use of Practice D7386 for testing of
ments
packages for single parcel shipments.
D999Test Methods for Vibration Testing of Shipping Con-
1.3 The suitability of this practice for use with hazardous
tainers
materials has not been determined.
D4003Test Methods for Programmable Horizontal Impact
Test for Shipping Containers and Systems
1.4 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
D4332Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
Packaging Components for Testing
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
D4728Test Method for Random Vibration Testing of Ship-
and are not considered standard.
ping Containers
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D5265Test Method for Bridge Impact Testing
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D5276Test Method for Drop Test of Loaded Containers by
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Free Fall
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
D5277Test Method for Performing Programmed Horizontal
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Impacts Using an Inclined Impact Tester
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
D5487Test Method for Simulated Drop of Loaded Contain-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ers by Shock Machines
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
D6055Test Methods for Mechanical Handling of Unitized
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Loads and Large Shipping Cases and Crates
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
D6179Test Methods for Rough Handling of Unitized Loads
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
and Large Shipping Cases and Crates
D6344Test Method for Concentrated Impacts to Transport
Packages
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D10 on Packaging
andisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD10.21onShippingContainersand
2
Systems - Application of Performance Test Methods. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2022. Published February 2022. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D4169–16. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D4169-22. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4169 − 22
D6653Test Methods for Determining the Effects of High 3.2.7.2 large shipping unit, n—for DC-18, a large shipping
Altitude on Packaging Systems by Vacuum Method unit is defined as one having at least one edge dimension or
D7386Practice for Performance Testing of Packages for diameterover60in.(1.52m)oragrossweightinexcessof100
Single Parcel Delivery Systems lb(45kg),oritisonethathasagrossweightexceeding100lb
F1327Terminology Relating to Barrier Materials for Medi- (45 kg) and is secured to a base or to the base of a shipping
3
cal Packaging (Withdrawn 2007) unit.
4
2.2 Military Standards: 3.2.8 test plan, n—a specific listing of the test sequence to
MIL-STD-810FEnvironmental Test
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4169 − 16 D4169 − 22
Standard Practice for
1
Performance Testing of Shipping Containers and Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4169; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*Scope
1.1 This practice provides a uniform basis of evaluating, in a laboratory, the ability of shipping units to withstand the distribution
environment. This is accomplished by subjecting them to a test plan consisting of a sequence of anticipated hazard elements
encountered in various distribution cycles. This practice is not intended to supplant material specifications or existing preshipment
test procedures.
1.2 Consider the use of Practice D7386 for testing of packages for single parcel shipments.
1.3 The suitability of this practice for use with hazardous materials has not been determined.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.21 on Shipping Containers and
Systems - Application of Performance Test Methods.
Current edition approved April 1, 2016Jan. 1, 2022. Published June 2016February 2022. Originally approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 20142016 as
D4169 – 14.D4169 – 16. DOI: 10.1520/D4169-16.10.1520/D4169-22.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4169 − 22
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D642 Test Method for Determining Compressive Resistance of Shipping Containers, Components, and Unit Loads
D880 Test Method for Impact Testing for Shipping Containers and Systems
D951 Test Method for Water Resistance of Shipping Containers by Spray Method
D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environments
D999 Test Methods for Vibration Testing of Shipping Containers
D4003 Test Methods for Programmable Horizontal Impact Test for Shipping Containers and Systems
D4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or Packaging Components for Testing
D4728 Test Method for Random Vibration Testing of Shipping Containers
D5265 Test Method for Bridge Impact Testing
D5276 Test Method for Drop Test of Loaded Containers by Free Fall
D5277 Test Method for Performing Programmed Horizontal Impacts Using an Inclined Impact Tester
D5487 Test Method for Simulated Drop of Loaded Containers by Shock Machines
D6055 Test Methods for Mechanical Handling of Unitized Loads and Large Shipping Cases and Crates
D6179 Test Methods for Rough Handling of Unitized Loads and Large Shipping Cases and Crates
D6344 Test Method for Concentrated Impacts to Transport Packages
D6653 Test Methods for Determining the Effects of High Altitude on Packaging Systems by Vacuum Method
D7386 Practice for Performance Testing of Packages for Single Parcel Delivery Systems
3
F1327 Terminology Relating to Barrier Materials for Medical Packaging (Withdrawn 2007)
4
2.2 Military Standards:
MIL-STD-810F Environmental Test Methods
MIL-STD-2073–1 DOD Standard Practice for Military Packaging
5
2.3 Association of American Railroads Standards:
General Information Bulletin No. 2 Rules and Procedures for Testing of New Loading and Bracing Methods or Materials
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—General definitions for th
...

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SCOPE
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SCOPE
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Standard Specification for Strapping, Flat Steel and Seals

ABSTRACT
This specification covers flat steel strapping and seals intended for use in closing, reinforcing, bundling articles for shipment, unitizing, palletizing, and bracing for carloading, truckloading, lifting, and lashing. This specification does not include specialty-type strapping as developed for special applications or strapping produced from alloy metals. Strapping shall be of the following types: Type 1 and Type II; shall be of the following finish: Finish A, Finish B including Grade 1, Grade 2, and Grade 3, Finish C and Finish D; and shall have the prescribed widths and thicknesses in accordance with the specified sizes. Seals shall be of the following classes: Class R and Class H; finishes: Finish A, Finish B including Grade 1, Grade 2, and Grade 3, Finish C, and Finish D; and styles: Style I, Style II, Style III, Style IV, and Style V. Materials shall be cold-rolled carbon steel of the prescribed quality. Strapping and seal shall conform to the physical and mechanical property requirements prescribed for: (1) breaking strength, elongation and seal joint strength, (2) lubrication (by lubricity and edge tests), (3) weld efficiency, (4) seal width, (5) seal application, (6) notch, crimp, and sealless joints, (7) galvanized strapping (by weight loss test), (8) ductility of strapping coating, (9) base metal ductility (by bending test), and (10) straightness (camber, coil set, and spiral twist). The coil configuration are specified and illustrated. Sampling and packaging requirements such as wrapping and packing are also detailed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers flat steel strapping and seals intended for use in closing, reinforcing, bundling articles for shipment, unitizing, palletizing, and bracing for carloading, truckloading, lifting, and lashing.  
1.2 This specification includes strapping and seals made from carbon steel and applies only to the types and sizes as cataloged by strapping suppliers to be a standard, commercially available product. It does not include “specialty”-type strapping as developed for special applications or strapping produced from alloy metals.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.4 Performance characteristics may be negatively affected by extremes of temperatures, such as occur during the annealing of steel.  
1.5 The following safety hazards caveat applies only to the test method portion, Sections 11, 12, and 13, of this specification:  
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4727/D4727M-22(Specification)
Standard Specification for Corrugated and Solid Fiberboard Sheet Stock (Container Grade) and Cut Shapes

ABSTRACT
This specification covers corrugated and solid fiberboard sheet stock (container grade) and cut shapes intended for use mainly in the fabrication of boxes and interior details (for example, pads, sleeves, liners, partitions, and die-cut sheets). Covered in this specification are three classes (domestic and domestic/fire retardant, weather resistant and weather resistant/fire retardant, and water and water-vapor resistant and water and water-vapor resistant/fire retardant) of corrugated fiberboard and two classes (domestic and domestic/fire retardant, and weather resistant and weather resistant/fire retardant) of solid fiberboard, with a variety of grades reflecting the varied performance levels of the fiberboards. Corrugated fiberboards shall be manufactured with two, three, or four facings for single-, double-, or triple-wall varieties, respectively, with each facing separated by and securely adhered to the corrugating medium of any suitable fiber. Solid fiberboards, on the other hand, shall be manufactured from plies securely and continuously laminated together. The facings of corrugated fiberboards and plies of solid fiberboards shall conform to the requirements specified. Tests for thickness, basis weight, puncture resistance, ply separation, bursting strength, flame spread, specific optical density, and edge crush shall be performed and shall conform to the requirements specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers fiberboard primarily used for the fabrication of boxes and interior details such as pads, sleeves, liners, partitions, die-cut sheets, etc.  
1.2 The performance of fiberboard boxes is largely dependent on the paper components from which they are fabricated and, in the case of corrugated boxes, on the flute structure as well. Therefore, a variety of grades reflecting varied performance levels are specified.  
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. See IEEE/ASTM-SI-10 for conversion of units.  
1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test portion, Sections 8 and 9, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    10 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Technical specification
    10 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off