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ASTM D6179-20

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Rough Handling of Unitized Loads and Large Shipping Cases and Crates

Standard Test Methods for Rough Handling of Unitized Loads and Large Shipping Cases and Crates

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods will allow the user to determine integrity and stability of the load as well as provide guidance to improve the design of the shipping container or the unit load where deficiencies are found.  
4.2 Damage to products or packages observed during testing can be expected to correlate at least in a qualitative way to damage observed in actual distribution handling systems.  
4.3 The results received from shock machine testing and free fall drop testing are different for certain products. Where this test is performed to satisfy a regulatory or contractual requirement, its use is subject to approval by the agency concerned.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover testing the integrity of unitized loads and large shipping cases and crates as well as the ability of the contents to endure rough handling. Not all of the test methods are applicable to all products, containers, and loads. These test methods are applicable to common means of material handling as follows:  
1.1.1 Test Method A, B, C, D, and E—Drop Test—For measuring the ability of the case or crate or unitized load to withstand rough handling impacts and provide information useful in improving the design of the container. Normally, Test Methods A and B are not applied to unitized loads.  
1.1.2 Test Method F—Tip Test—For determining if filled tall or top heavy cases, crates, or unitized loads will tip over when tilted to a predetermined angle.  
1.1.3 Method G—Tipover Test—For determining the ability of filled large shipping cases or crates to resist the impacts associated with tipover hazards, and for determining the ability of the packaging and packing methods to provide protection to the contents, when the case or crate is tipped over.
Note 1: Test Method G fulfills the requirements of ISO 8768. ISO 8768 may not meet the requirements for Test Method G.  
1.1.4 Test Method H—Rolling Test—For determining the ability of complete, filled large shipping cases or crates to withstand the effects of rolling.
Note 2: Test Method H fulfills the requirements of ISO 2876. ISO 2876 may not meet the requirements for Test Method H.  
1.2 Additional Test Procedures:  
1.2.1 Test methods for mechanical handling of unitized loads and large shipping cases and crates are set forth in Test Method D6055. Additional tests that apply to mechanical handling of unitized loads and large cases and crates include incline impact tests, described in Test Method D880 and horizontal impact tests, described in Test Methods D4003 and Test Method D5277. Test Methods D4003 includes a special pallet marshaling test and Test Methods D1185 provides test methods for pallets and related structures.  
1.2.2 Practice D4169 provides a series of options for selecting and running performance tests on all types of shipping containers and systems.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Sep-2020
ICS
55.180.99 - Other standards related to freight distribution of goods
Technical Committee
D10 - Packaging
Drafting Committee
D10.21 - Shipping Containers and Systems - Application of Performance Test Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6179 − 20
Standard Test Methods for
Rough Handling of Unitized Loads and Large Shipping
1
Cases and Crates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6179; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope pallet marshaling test and Test Methods D1185 provides test
methods for pallets and related structures.
1.1 Thesetestmethodscovertestingtheintegrityofunitized
1.2.2 Practice D4169 provides a series of options for select-
loads and large shipping cases and crates as well as the ability
ing and running performance tests on all types of shipping
of the contents to endure rough handling. Not all of the test
containers and systems.
methods are applicable to all products, containers, and loads.
These test methods are applicable to common means of 1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
material handling as follows: as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for
1.1.1 Test Method A, B, C, D, and E—Drop Test—For information only.
measuring the ability of the case or crate or unitized load to
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
withstand rough handling impacts and provide information
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
useful in improving the design of the container. Normally, Test
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Methods A and B are not applied to unitized loads.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
1.1.2 Test Method F—Tip Test—For determining if filled tall
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
or top heavy cases, crates, or unitized loads will tip over when
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
tilted to a predetermined angle.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.1.3 Method G—Tipover Test—For determining the ability
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
of filled large shipping cases or crates to resist the impacts
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
associated with tipover hazards, and for determining the ability
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
of the packaging and packing methods to provide protection to
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
the contents, when the case or crate is tipped over.
2. Referenced Documents
NOTE 1—Test Method G fulfills the requirements of ISO 8768. ISO
2
8768 may not meet the requirements for Test Method G.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1.4 Test Method H—Rolling Test—For determining the D880 Test Method for Impact Testing for Shipping Contain-
ers and Systems
ability of complete, filled large shipping cases or crates to
D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-
withstand the effects of rolling.
ments
NOTE 2—Test Method H fulfills the requirements of ISO 2876. ISO
D1185 Test Methods for Pallets and Related Structures
2876 may not meet the requirements for Test Method H.
Employed in Materials Handling and Shipping
1.2 Additional Test Procedures:
D4003 Test Methods for Programmable Horizontal Impact
1.2.1 Test methods for mechanical handling of unitized
Test for Shipping Containers and Systems
loads and large shipping cases and crates are set forth in Test
D4169 Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Con-
Method D6055. Additional tests that apply to mechanical
tainers and Systems
handling of unitized loads and large cases and crates include
D4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or
incline impact tests, described in Test Method D880 and
Packaging Components for Testing
horizontal impact tests, described in Test Methods D4003 and
D5276 Test Method for Drop Test of Loaded Containers by
Test Method D5277. Test Methods D4003 includes a special
Free Fall
D5277 Test Method for Performing Programmed Horizontal
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on
Packaging and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.21 on Shipping
2
Containers and Systems - Application of Performance Test Methods. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2020. Published October 2020. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D6179 – 07 (2014). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6179 − 07 (Reapproved 2014) D6179 − 20
Standard Test Methods for
Rough Handling of Unitized Loads and Large Shipping
1
Cases and Crates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6179; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover testing the integrity of unitized loads and large shipping cases and crates as well as the ability of
the contents to endure rough handling. Not all of the test methods are applicable to all products, containers, and loads. These test
methods are applicable to common means of material handling as follows:
1.1.1 Test Method A, B, C, D, and E—Drop Test—For measuring the ability of the case or crate or unitized load to withstand rough
handling impacts and provide information useful in improving the design of the container. Normally, Test Methods A and B are
not applied to unitized loads.
1.1.2 Test Method F—Tip Test —Test—For determining if filled tall or top heavy cases, crates, or unitized loads will tip over when
tilted to a predetermined angle.
1.1.3 Method G—Tipover Test —Test—For determining the ability of filled large shipping cases or crates to resist the impacts
associated with tipover hazards, and for determining the ability of the packaging and packing methods to provide protection to the
contents, when the case or crate is tipped over.
NOTE 1—Test Method G fulfills the requirements of ISO 8768. ISO 8768 may not meet the requirements for Test Method G.
1.1.4 Test Method H—Rolling Test—For determining the ability of complete, filled large shipping cases or crates to withstand the
effects of rolling.
NOTE 2—Test Method H fulfills the requirements of ISO 2876. ISO 2876 may not meet the requirements for Test Method H.
1.2 Additional Test Procedures : Procedures:
1.2.1 Test methods for mechanical handling of unitized loads and large shipping cases and crates are set forth in Test Method
D6055. Additional tests that apply to mechanical handling of unitized loads and large cases and crates include incline impact tests,
described in Test Method D880 and horizontal impact tests, described in Test Methods D4003 and Test Method D5277. Test
Methods D4003 includes a special pallet marshaling test and Test Methods D1185 provides test methods for pallets and related
structures.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on Packaging and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.21 on Shipping Containers
and Systems - Application of Performance Test Methods.
Current edition approved April 1, 2014Oct. 1, 2020. Published April 2014October 2020. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 20072014 as
D6179 – 07.D6179 – 07 (2014). DOI: 10.1520/D6179-07R14.10.1520/D6179-20.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6179 − 20
1.2.2 Practice D4169 provides a series of options for selecting and running performance tests on all types of shipping containers
and systems.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information
only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D880 Test Method for Impact Testing for Shipping Containers and Systems
D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environments
D1185 Test Methods for Pallets and Related Structures Employed in Materials Handling and Shipping
D4003 Test Methods for Programmable Horizontal Impact Test for Shipping Containers and Systems
D4169 Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Containers and Systems
D4332
...

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1.2 The following mechanical tests are described:    
Sections  
Tension  
7 to 14  
Bend  
15  
Hardness  
16  
Brinell  
17  
Rockwell  
18  
Portable  
19  
Impact  
20 to 30  
Keywords  
32  
1.3 Annexes covering details peculiar to certain products are appended to these test methods as follows:    
Annex  
Bar Products  
Annex A1  
Tubular Products  
Annex A2  
Fasteners  
Annex A3  
Round Wire Products  
Annex A4  
Significance of Notched-Bar Impact Testing  
Annex A5  
Converting Percentage Elongation of Round Specimens to
Equivalents for Flat Specimens  
Annex A6    
Testing Multi-Wire Strand  
Annex A7  
Rounding of Test Data  
Annex A8  
Methods for Testing Steel Reinforcing Bars  
Annex A9  
Procedure for Use and Control of Heat-cycle Simulation  
Annex A10  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 When these test methods are referenced in a metric product specification, the yield and tensile values may be determined in inch-pound (ksi) units then converted into SI (MPa) units. The elongation determined in inch-pound gauge lengths of 2 in. or 8 in. may be report...

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ASTM
ASTM F3565-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Electrofusion Joining Polyethylene (PE) Pipe and Fittings for Pressure Pipe Service

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Using the procedures and apparatus in Sections 8 and 9 and the manufacturer's instructions, pressure-tight joints as strong as the pipe itself can be made between manufacturer-recommended combinations of pipe and fittings. See Specification F1055 for performance requirements of polyethylene electrofusion fittings.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes procedures for making joints suitable for pressure service with polyethylene (PE) pipe and fittings by means of electrofusion joining techniques in, but not limited to, a field environment. Other suitable electrofusion joining procedures are available from various sources including fitting manufacturers. This standard does not purport to address all possible electrofusion joining procedures, or to preclude the use of qualified procedures developed by other parties that have been proven to produce reliable electrofusion joints. (Note 1)
Note 1: Reference to the manufacturer in this practice refers to the electrofusion fitting manufacturer.  
1.2 The parameters and procedure are applicable only to joining polyethylene pipe and fittings (Note 2) which are intended for PE fuel gas pipe per Specification D2513 and PE potable water, sewer and industrial pipe manufactured per Specification F714, Specification D3035, Specification F2619, and AWWA C901 and C906.
Note 2: Commercially available materials classified with a thermoplastic pipe material designation code beginning with PE 14, PE 23, PE 24, PE 27, PE 33, PE 34, PE 36, and PE 46, and PE 47 in accordance with Specification D3350 and Terminology F412 are generally acceptable for electrofusion joining using this practice. Consult with the pipe or fitting manufacturer for specific compatibility information.  
1.3 Parts that are within the dimensional tolerances given in present ASTM specifications are required to produce sound joints between polyethylene pipe and fittings when using the joining techniques described in this practice.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 The text of this practice references notes, footnotes, and appendices which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the practice.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5141-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Filtering Efficiency and Flow Rate of the Filtration Component of a Sediment Retention Device

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used to determine the filtering efficiency and flow rate of the filtration component of a sediment retention device, such as a silt fence, a silt barrier, or a silt curtain, for specific soil tested.  
5.2 This test method may be used for the design of the filtration component of a sediment retention device to meet requirements of regulatory agencies in filtering efficiency or flow rate for the specific soil tested.  
5.2.1 The designer can use this test method to determine the spacing between sediment retention devices.  
5.3 This test method is intended for performance evaluation, as the results will depend on the specific soil evaluated. Unless testing with the default soil is desired, it is recommended that the user or representative perform the test to pre-approve products, as sediment retention device manufacturers are not typically equipped to handle or test soil requirements.  
5.4 This test method provides a means of evaluating the filtration component of sediment retention devices with different soils under various conditions that simulate the conditions that exist in a sediment retention device installation. This test method may be used to simulate several storm events on the same sediment retention device specimen. Therefore, the number of times this test is repeated per specimen is dependent upon the user and the site conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is used to determine the filtering efficiency and the flow rate of the filtration component of a sediment retention device, such as a silt fence, silt barrier, or inlet protector.  
1.1.1 The results are shown as a percentage for filtering efficiency and cubic metres per square metre per minute (m3/m2/min) or gallons per square foot per minute (gal/ft2/min) for flow rate.  
1.1.2 The filtering efficiency indicates the percent of sediment removed from sediment-laden water.  
1.1.3 The flow rate is the average rate of passage of the sediment-laden water through the filtration component of a sediment retention device.  
1.2 This test method requires several specialized pieces of equipment, such as an integrated water sampler and an analytical balance, or a vacuum filtration system. At the client’s discretion, the test soil is either a site-specific soil or a soil that is representative of a target default gradation.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are the standard, while the inch-pound units are provided for information. The values expressed in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F2647-07(2023)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Approved Methods of Installing a CVS (Central Vacuum System)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The suggestions of this guide are intended to provide proper installation materials and practices to be used during the installation of a central-vacuum system.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide demonstrates proper methods for installing a central-vacuum system.  
1.2 Appendix X1 contains additional sources of information that may be helpful to the user of this guide.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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