ASTM A551-94(1999)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Steel Tires
Standard Specification for Steel Tires
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers seven classes of carbon steel tires for railway and rapid transit use.
1.1.1 Class A -For untreated driving tires for locomotives in passenger service.
1.1.2 Class AHT -For heat-treated driving tires for locomotives in passenger service.
1.1.3 Class B -For untreated driving tires for freight locomotives and tires for locomotive-truck, tender-truck, trailer and car wheels, and miscellaneous service.
1.1.4 Class BHT -For heat-treated driving tires for freight locomotives and tires for trailer wheels.
1.1.5 Class C -For untreated tires for switching locomotives.
1.1.6 Class CHT -For heat-treated driving tires and switching locomotives and tires for locomotive-trucks, tender-trucks, trailer and car wheels, and miscellaneous service.
1.1.7 Class DHT -For heat-treated driving tires for locomotives with light braking conditions, heavily loaded trailer tires, and car wheels where off-tread brakes are employed.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: A 551 – 94 (Reapproved 1999)
Standard Specification for
Steel Tires
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 551; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
NOTE 1—References to these standards are for guidance only; other
1. Scope
methods of equivalent accuracy may be used.
1.1 This specification covers seven classes of carbon steel
tires for railway and rapid transit use.
3. Ordering Information
1.1.1 Class A—For untreated driving tires for locomotives
3.1 The inquiry, order or contract for material under this
in passenger service.
specification shall include the following information:
1.1.2 ClassAHT—For heat-treated driving tires for locomo-
3.1.1 Quantity,
tives in passenger service.
3.1.2 Class,
1.1.3 Class B—For untreated driving tires for freight loco-
3.1.3 Full identification of tread and flange contour with
motivesandtiresforlocomotive-truck,tender-truck,trailerand
dimensional drawings as required,
car wheels, and miscellaneous service.
3.1.4 Inside diameter to be rough machined or finished,
1.1.4 Class BHT—For heat-treated driving tires for freight
3.1.5 Intended service,
locomotives and tires for trailer wheels.
3.1.6 ASTM designation and year of issue, and
1.1.5 Class C—For untreated tires for switching locomo-
3.1.7 Supplementary requirements, if any.
tives.
1.1.6 ClassCHT—For heat-treated driving tires and switch-
4. Manufacture
ing locomotives and tires for locomotive-trucks, tender-trucks,
4.1 Melting Process—The steel shall be made by one or
trailer and car wheels, and miscellaneous service.
more of the following processes: open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or
1.1.7 Class DHT—For heat-treated driving tires for loco-
electric-furnace.
motives with light braking conditions, heavily loaded trailer
4.2 Discard—Sufficient discard shall be made from each
tires, and car wheels where off-tread brakes are employed.
ingot to assure freedom from piping and undue segregation.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
4.3 Cooling and Heating:
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided
4.3.1 All tires, immediately after being rolled, shall be slow
for information purposes only.
cooled in a manner to accomplish proper transformation
without damage.
2. Referenced Documents
4.3.2 ClassesAHT, BHT, CHT, and DHT shall be heated to
2.1 ASTM Standards:
and held at the proper temperature for a sufficient time to effect
A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for MechanicalTesting
the desired transformation and then shall be immersed in a
of Steel Products
suitable quenching medium.
E 350 Test Methods for ChemicalAnalysis of Carbon Steel,
4.3.3 Following quenching, the tires shall be charged into a
Low-Alloy Steel, Silicon Electrical Steel, Ingot Iron, and
furnace for tempering to meet the hardness requirements of
Wrought Iron
6.1.1, and then cooled under suitable conditions.
E 415 Method for Optical Emission Vacuum Spectrometric
Analysis of Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel
5. Chemical Requirements
5.1 Chemical Composition—The steel shall conform to the
requirements for chemical composition specified in Table 1 or
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
to the composition agreed upon by the manufacturer and the
Stainless Steel, and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets.
purchaser.
Current edition approved Aug. 15, 1994. Published October 1994. Originally
5.2 Heat or CastAnalysis—An analysis of each heat or cast
published as A 551 – 65 to replace Specifications A 26 and A 329. Last previous
of steel shall be made by the manufacturer to determine the
edition A 551 – 81 (1988).
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03. percentages of the elements specified in Table 1. The analysis
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.05.
shall be made from a test sample taken preferably during the
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.06.
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
A 551 – 94 (1999)
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
9. Permissible Variations in Dimensions
Element Composition, %
9.1 Tires may be furnished with all surfaces as-rolled, and
Carbon
shall conform to the dimensions specified, subject to the
ClassesAandAHT 0.50–0.65
following variations:
Classes B and BHT 0.60–0.75
9.1.1 Height of Flange—The flange height shall not be less,
Classes C, CHT and DHT 0.70–0.85
Manganese 0.60–0.90 1
but may be ⁄16 in. (1.6 mm) more, than that specified.
Phosphorus, max 0.050
9.1.2 Thickness of Flange—The flange thickness shall not
Sulfur, max 0.050
Silicon 0.15–0.35 vary more than ⁄16 in. (1.6 mm) from that specified.
9.1.3 Radius of Throat—The throat radius shall not vary
1 1
morethan ⁄8in.(3.2mm)over,normorethan ⁄16 in.(1.6mm)
under, that specified.
pouringoftheheat.Thechemicalcompositionthusdetermined
9.1.4 Width of Tires—The tire width shall not be less, but
shall be reported to the purchaser or the purchaser’s represen-
may be ⁄16 in. (4.8 mm) more, than that specified.
tative, and shall conform to the requirements in Table 1.
9.1.5 Inside Diameter—The rough inside diameter shall not
5.3 Product Analysis—An analysis to represent each heat
be more, but may be ⁄4 in. (6.4 mm) less, than that specified.
may be made by the purchaser from turnings taken from a tire.
When the finished inside diameter only is specified, the rough
The chemical composition thus determined shall not vary from
3 7
diameter shall be from ⁄16 to ⁄16 in. (4.8 to 11.1 mm) less than
the requirements by more than the limits in Table 2.
this diameter.
6. Hardness Requirement 9.1.6 Outside Diameter—Unless otherwise specified, the
outside diameter, when 54 in. (1370 mm) or under, shall not be
6.1 ClassesAHT, BHT, CHT, and DHTshall be accepted on
less, but may be ⁄2 in. (12.7 mm) more than that specified; and
the basis of a Brinell hardness test on the front face of 10 % of
when over 54 in. (1370 mm), shall not vary more than ⁄8 in.
the tires from each heat at a
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