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ASTM D5208-14

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Fluorescent Ultraviolet (UV) Exposure of Photodegradable Plastics

Standard Practice for Fluorescent Ultraviolet (UV) Exposure of Photodegradable Plastics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Materials made from photodegradable plastics are intended to show relatively rapid deterioration of chemical, physical, and mechanical properties when exposed to light, heat, and water after fulfilling their intended purpose. This practice is intended to induce property changes associated with conditions that might be experienced when the material is discarded as litter, including the effects of sunlight, moisture, and heat. The exposure used in this practice is not intended to simulate the deterioration caused by localized weather phenomena such as atmospheric pollution, biological attack, and salt water exposure.  
4.2 Cautions—Variation in results can be expected when operating conditions are varied within the accepted limits of this practice. Therefore, no reference to the use of this practice shall be made unless accompanied by a report prepared in accordance with Section 9 that describes the specific operating conditions used. Refer to Practice G151 for detailed information on the caveats applicable to use of results obtained in accordance with this practice.Note 2—Additional information on sources of variability and on strategies for addressing variability in the design, execution and data analysis of laboratory accelerated exposure tests is found in Guide G141.  
4.3 Exposure of a similar material of known performance (a control) at the same time as the test specimens provides a standard for comparative purposes. Use of a control to rank the stability of test materials greatly improves agreement between different laboratories.3,4 It is recommended that at least three replicates of each material evaluated be exposed to allow for statistical evaluation of results.  
4.4 Test results will depend upon the care that is taken to operate the equipment in accordance with Practice G154. Significant factors include regulation of line voltage, temperature of the room in which the device operates, temperature control, and condition and age of the lamps, if exposu...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the specific procedures applicable for fluorescent Ultraviolet (UV) exposure of photodegradable plastics conducted in accordance with Practices G151 and G154. This practice also covers the preparation of test specimens and the evaluation of test results.  
1.2 Practice D4329 covers fluorescent UV exposures of plastics intended for long term use in outdoor applications.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Mar-2014
ICS
83.080.01 - Plastics in general
Technical Committee
D20 - Plastics
Drafting Committee
D20.96 - Environmentally Degradable Plastics and Biobased Products
Current Stage
Ref Project

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D5208 − 14
Standard Practice for
Fluorescent Ultraviolet (UV) Exposure of Photodegradable
1
Plastics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5208; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* G141 Guide for Addressing Variability in Exposure Testing
of Nonmetallic Materials
1.1 This practice covers the specific procedures applicable
G147 Practice for Conditioning and Handling of Nonmetal-
for fluorescent Ultraviolet (UV) exposure of photodegradable
lic Materials for Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests
plastics conducted in accordance with Practices G151 and
G151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials inAccel-
G154. This practice also covers the preparation of test speci-
erated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light Sources
mens and the evaluation of test results.
G154 Practice for Operating Fluorescent Ultraviolet (UV)
1.2 Practice D4329 covers fluorescent UV exposures of
Lamp Apparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials
plastics intended for long term use in outdoor applications.
G169 Guide for Application of Basic Statistical Methods to
Weathering Tests
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
3. Terminology
only.
3.1 The definitions given in Terminology G113 are appli-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
cable to this practice.
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Significance and Use
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.1 Materials made from photodegradable plastics are in-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tended to show relatively rapid deterioration of chemical,
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
physical, and mechanical properties when exposed to light,
heat, and water after fulfilling their intended purpose. This
2. Referenced Documents
practice is intended to induce property changes associated with
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
conditions that might be experienced when the material is
D3826 Practice for Determining Degradation End Point in
discarded as litter, including the effects of sunlight, moisture,
Degradable Polyethylene and Polypropylene Using a Ten-
and heat. The exposure used in this practice is not intended to
sile Test
simulate the deterioration caused by localized weather phe-
D4329 Practice for Fluorescent Ultraviolet (UV) Lamp Ap-
nomena such as atmospheric pollution, biological attack, and
paratus Exposure of Plastics
salt water exposure.
D5870 Practice for Calculating Property Retention Index of
4.2 Cautions—Variation in results can be expected when
Plastics
operating conditions are varied within the accepted limits of
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
this practice. Therefore, no reference to the use of this practice
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
shall be made unless accompanied by a report prepared in
G113 Terminology Relating to Natural andArtificial Weath-
accordance with Section 9 that describes the specific operating
ering Tests of Nonmetallic Materials
conditions used. Refer to Practice G151 for detailed informa-
tion on the caveats applicable to use of results obtained in
accordance with this practice.
1
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD20onPlasticsand
isthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD20.96onEnvironmentallyDegradable
NOTE 2—Additional information on sources of variability and on
Plastics and Biobased Products.
strategies for addressing variability in the design, execution and data
Current edition approved April 1, 2014. Published April 2014. Originally
analysis of laboratory accelerated exposure tests is found in Guide G141.
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D5208 - 09. DOI:
10.1520/D5208-14.
4.3 Exposure of a similar material of known performance (a
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
control) at the same time as the test specimens provides a
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
standard for comparative purposes. Use of a control to rank the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. stability of test materials greatly improves agreement between
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 -------------
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5208 − 09 D5208 − 14
Standard Practice for
Fluorescent Ultraviolet (UV) Exposure of Photodegradable
1
Plastics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5208; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice covers the specific procedures applicable for fluorescent Ultraviolet (UV) exposure of photodegradable plastics
conducted in accordance with Practices G151 and G154. This practice also covers the preparation of test specimens and the
evaluation of test results.
NOTE 1—Previous versions of this practice referenced fluorescent UV devices described by Practice G53, which described very specific equipment
designs. Practice G53 has been withdrawn and replaced by Practice G151, which describes performance criteria for all exposure devices that use
laboratory light sources and by Practice G154, which gives requirements for exposing nonmetallic materials in fluorescent UV devices.
1.2 Practice D4329 covers fluorescent UV exposures of plastics intended for long term use in outdoor applications.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this practice.standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D3826 Practice for Determining Degradation End Point in Degradable Polyethylene and Polypropylene Using a Tensile Test
D4329 Practice for Fluorescent Ultraviolet (UV) Lamp Apparatus Exposure of Plastics
D5870 Practice for Calculating Property Retention Index of Plastics
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
G53 Practice for Operating Light-and Water-Exposure Apparatus (Fluorescent UV-Condensation Type) for Exposure of
3
Nonmetallic Materials (Withdrawn 2000)
G113 Terminology Relating to Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests of Nonmetallic Materials
G141 Guide for Addressing Variability in Exposure Testing of Nonmetallic Materials
G147 Practice for Conditioning and Handling of Nonmetallic Materials for Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests
G151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Accelerated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light Sources
G154 Practice for Operating Fluorescent Ultraviolet (UV) Lamp Apparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials
G169 Guide for Application of Basic Statistical Methods to Weathering Tests
3. Terminology
3.1 The definitions given in Terminology G113 are applicable to this practice.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Materials made from photodegradable plastics are intended to show relatively rapid deterioration of chemical, physical, and
mechanical properties when exposed to light, heat, and water after fulfilling their intended purpose. This practice is intended to
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.96 on Environmentally Degradable
Plastics and Biobased Products.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2009April 1, 2014. Published September 2009April 2014. Originally approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 20012009 as
D5208 - 01.D5208 - 09. DOI: 10.1520/D5208-09.10.1520/D5208-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5208 − 14
induce property changes associated with conditions that might be experienced when the material is discarded as litter, including
the effects of sunlight, moisture, and heat. The exposure used in this practice is not intended to simulate the deterioration caused
by localized weather phenomena such as atmospheric pollution, biol
...

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5.3.7 The effects of annealing on modulus and glass transition temperature,  
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5.3.9 The effect of fillers, additives on modulus and glass transition temperature.  
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1.1 This test method outlines the use of dynamic mechanical instrumentation for gathering and reporting the viscoelastic properties of thermoplastic and thermosetting resins and composite systems in the form of rectangular specimens molded directly or cut from sheets, plates, or molded shapes. The tensile data generated is used to identify the thermomechanical properties of a plastic material or composition using a variety of dynamic mechanical instruments.  
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1.3 This test method is valid for a wide range of frequencies, typically from 0.01 Hz to 100 Hz.  
1.4 Due to possible instrumentation compliance, the data generated are intended to indicate relative and not necessarily absolute property values.  
1.5 Test data obtained by this test method are relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: This test method is technically equivalent to ISO 6721, Part 4.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Pri...

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ASTM
ASTM D2863-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring the Minimum Oxygen Concentration to Support Candle-Like Combustion of Plastics (Oxygen Index)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides for the measuring of the minimum concentration of oxygen in a flowing mixture of oxygen and nitrogen that will just support flaming combustion of plastics. Correlation with burning characteristics under actual use conditions is not implied.  
5.2 In this test method, the specimens are subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory test conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by or from this test to predict changes in the fire-test-response characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the fire-test-exposure conditions described in this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This fire-test-response standard describes a procedure for measuring the minimum concentration of oxygen, expressed as percent volume, that will just support flaming combustion in a flowing mixture of oxygen and nitrogen.  
1.2 This test method provides three testing procedures. Procedure A involves top surface ignition, Procedure B involves propagating ignition, and Procedure C is a short procedure involving the comparison with a specified minimum value of the oxygen index.  
1.3 Test specimens used for this test method are prepared into one of six types of specimens (see Table 1).    
1.4 This test method provides for testing materials that are structurally self-supporting in the form of vertical bars or sheet up to 10.5-mm thick. Such materials are solid, laminated or cellular materials characterized by an apparent density greater than 15 kg/m3.  
1.5 This test method also provides for testing flexible sheet or film materials, while supported vertically.  
1.6 This test method is also suitable, in some cases, for cellular materials having an apparent density of less than 15 kg/m3.
Note 1: Although this test method has been found applicable for testing some other materials, the precision of the test method has not been determined for these materials, or for specimen geometries and test conditions outside those recommended herein.  
1.7 This test method measures and describes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statement are given in Section 10.  
1.10 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.
Note 2: This test method and ISO 4589-2 are technically equivalent when using the gas measurement and control device described in 6.3.1, with direct oxygen concentration measurement.  
1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D695-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid Plastics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Compression tests provide information about the compressive properties of plastics when employed under conditions approximating those under which the tests are made.  
4.2 Compressive properties include modulus of elasticity, yield stress, deformation beyond yield point, and compressive strength (unless the material merely flattens but does not fracture). Materials possessing a low order of ductility may not exhibit a yield point. In the case of a material that fails in compression by a shattering fracture, the compressive strength has a very definite value. In the case of a material that does not fail in compression by a shattering fracture, the compressive strength is an arbitrary one depending upon the degree of distortion that is regarded as indicating complete failure of the material. Many plastic materials will continue to deform in compression until a flat disk is produced, the compressive stress (nominal) rising steadily in the process, without any well-defined fracture occurring. Compressive strength can have no real meaning in such cases.  
4.3 Compression tests provide a standard method of obtaining data for research and development, quality control, acceptance or rejection under specifications, and special purposes. The tests cannot be considered significant for engineering design in applications differing widely from the load-time scale of the standard test. Such applications require additional tests such as impact, creep, and fatigue.  
4.4 Before proceeding with this test method, reference should be made to the ASTM specification for the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, and testing parameters covered in the materials specification shall take precedence over those mentioned in this test method. If there is no material specification, then the default conditions apply. Table 1 in Classification D4000 lists the ASTM materials standards that currently exist.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the mechanical properties of unreinforced and reinforced rigid plastics, including high-modulus composites, when loaded in compression at relatively low uniform rates of straining or loading. Test specimens of standard shape are employed. This procedure is applicable for a composite modulus up to and including 41,370 MPa (6,000,000 psi).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
Note 1: For compressive properties of resin-matrix composites reinforced with oriented continuous, discontinuous, or cross-ply reinforcements, tests may be made in accordance with Test Method D3410/D3410M or D6641/D6641M.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific precautionary statement is given in 13.1.
Note 2: This standard is equivalent to ISO 604.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1929-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Ignition Temperature of Plastics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Tests made under conditions herein prescribed can be of considerable value in comparing the relative ignition characteristics of different materials. Values obtained represent the lowest ambient air temperature that will cause ignition of the material under the conditions of this test. Test values are expected to rank materials according to ignition susceptibility under actual use conditions.  
4.2 This test is not intended to be the sole criterion for fire hazard. In addition to ignition temperatures, fire hazards include other factors such as burning rate or flame spread, intensity of burning, fuel contribution, products of combustion, and others.
SCOPE
1.1 This fire test response test method2 covers a laboratory determination of the flash ignition temperature and spontaneous ignition temperature of plastics using a hot-air furnace.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 Caution—During the course of combustion, gases or vapors, or both, are evolved that have the potential to be hazardous to personnel.  
1.4 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire-hazard or fire-risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.5 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 1.3 and 1.4.
Note 1: This test method and ISO 871-2022 (Option 1) are similar in all technical details.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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