ASTM C614-10(2015)

Standard Test Method for Alkali Resistance of Porcelain Enamels

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
2.1 This test method is intended specifically for testing the resistance to alkaline attack of porcelain enamels to be used as a final finish on washing machines, dishwashers, combination washer-dryers, and similar appliances where the surface is normally exposed to an alkaline environment at elevated temperatures.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method2 covers the measurement of the resistance of a porcelain enamel to a hot solution of tetrasodium pyrophosphate. Although the specific alkali mentioned herein is tetrasodium pyrophosphate the equipment and techniques are equally applicable to other alkali solutions.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2015
• ICS: 25.220.50 - Enamels
• Technical Committee: B08 - Metallic and Inorganic Coatings
• Drafting Committee: B08.12 - Materials for Porcelain Enamel and Ceramic-Metal Systems

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C614 − 10 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Test Method for
Alkali Resistance of Porcelain Enamels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C614; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Although all porcelain enamels are highly resistant to attack by cold alkaline solutions, some
compositions are affected by hot solutions of the type encountered in automatic laundry and
dishwashing equipment. Tests to eliminate porcelain enamels of poor resistance have been developed
and used by various laboratories. In general, these tests consist of subjecting specimens to a boiling
solution of either sodium pyrophosphate or sodium hydroxide for a period of two or more hours. The
specimens are weighed before and after exposure to the test treatment and the loss-in-weight is taken
as a measure of alkali attack. In some tests representing milder exposure conditions, the 45 degree
specularglossismeasuredbeforeandafterexposureandthepercentageofinitialglossretainedisused
as an indicator of alkali resistance. While such tests have served a useful purpose in developing more
resistant porcelain enamel compositions and in manufacturing control operations, agreement between
laboratories has left something to be desired. The present test was designed to provide the
reproducibility between laboratories that is so essential to any standard test procedure.
1. Scope a final finish on washing machines, dishwashers, combination
2 washer-dryers, and similar appliances where the surface is
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the resis-
normally exposed to an alkaline environment at elevated
tance of a porcelain enamel to a hot solution of tetrasodium
temperatures.
pyrophosphate. Although the specific alkali mentioned herein
istetrasodiumpyrophosphatetheequipmentandtechniquesare
3. Apparatus
equally applicable to other alkali solutions.
3.1 Test Chamber, of a type illustrated in Fig. 1, Fig. 3, and
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
Fig. 6. This part of the equipment consists of a stainless steel
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
beaker fitted with an O-ring sealed cover which supports an
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
immersion heater, a stirring device, thermometer and thermis-
and are not considered standard.
tor wells; three specimen holders; a reflux condenser; a flow
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
channeling shield to slide over and be supported by the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
immersion heater; and a stirring motor. The beaker, heater
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
sheath, stirring device, thermometer and thermistor wells,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
specimenholders,andtheflowchannelingshieldshallbemade
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
from stainless steel alloys from the AISI 300 Series.
3.2 Temperature Controller, thermistor-actuated, capable of
2. Significance and Use
maintaining the temperature of the alkali solution in the beaker
2.1 This test method is intended specifically for testing the
at 96.00 6 0.20°C.
resistance to alkaline attack of porcelain enamels to be used as
3.3 Thermometer, calibrated, approximately 15 in. (380
mm)longand ⁄32in.(7.1mm)indiameter,with0.1°divisions.
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeB08onMetallic 3.4 Drying Oven, electrically heated.
and Inorganic Coatings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B08.12 on
3.5 Balance,havingasensitivityof0.1mgandacapacityof
Materials for Porcelain Enamel and Ceramic-Metal Systems.
Current edition approved May 1, 2015. Published May 2015. Originally not less than 200 g.
approvedin1968.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2011asC614–10(2011).DOI:
10.1520/C0614-10R15.
2 3
This test was developed at the National Bureau of Standards under the See the appendix for drawings of the equipment. This equipment may be
sponsorship of The Porcelain Enamel Institute, Inc., and published as P. E. I. purchased from the Hoover Instrument Service, Inc., 401 N. Home Rd., Mansfield,
Bulletin T-25. OH 44906.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C614 − 10 (2015)
NOTE 1—Test solution is in stainless steel beaker.
FIG. 1 Alkali Equipment in Operation
3.6 Desiccator. washing.Afterwashing,thespecimensshallberinsedfirstwith
runningtapwater,nextwithdistilledwaterandthenallowedto
3.7 Hot Plate, or burner suitable for heating the test solu-
drain in a near vertical position prior to oven-drying at 110°C
tion.
for 15 min. The specimens shall be cooled in a desiccator for
3.8 Sponge, soft, cellulose.
30 min prior to weighing.
1 1 1
3.9 Aluminum Alloy Sheets, approximately 3 ⁄2 by 3 ⁄2 by ⁄8
5.4 Weighing of Test Specimens—The specimens shall be
in. (89 by 89 by 3.1 mm).
weighed immediately upon removal from the desiccator.
Weightsshallberecordedto0.0001g.Theweighedspecimens
4. Reagents and Materials
shall be stored in a desiccator until tested.
4.1 Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate, hydrated (Na P O ·
4 2 7
10H O), recrystallized, reagent grade.
6. Procedure
4.2 Trisodium Phosphate (Na PO ·12H O).
6.1 Preparation of Test Solution—Prepare the test solution
3 4 2
by adding 260 g of tetrasodium pyrophosphate to 4.940 litres
5. Test Specimens
of distilled water. Pour the entire amount of prepared solution
5.1 Preparation of Specimens— The test specimens shall
into the beaker and cover the rectangular slots with lids. Use a
be 3 ⁄2 in. (89 mm) square and may be prepared by enameling freshly prepared solution for each set of six specimens.
metal blanks of that size or by cutting from a larger piece.
6.2 Preheating Test Solution—Place the temperature con-
Hangingholes,ifnecessaryforfiringorweighingorboth,may
trollerandstirrerinoperationandpreheatthesolutionto96°C.
beplacedatthecorners.Thespecimensshallbesufficientlyflat
Heating may be expedited by placing the beaker on a hot plate
to permit sealing in the holders. The edges of cut specimens
or over a gas burner. When a temperature near 96°C has been
shallbestonedorfiledtoremoveanysharporlooselyadhering
reached, remove the beaker from the hot plate and place on an
fragmentsofmetalorporcelainenamel.Itisrecommendedthat
insulated surface. Allow an equilibration period of 15 min for
the specimens be permanently marked on the back side for
all parts of the equipment to achieve a stable temperature, and
identification.
adjustment of the control point to yield the desired tempera-
5.2 Number of Specimens—Six specimens shall be tested ture.
simultaneously.
6.3 Preparation for Alkali Exposure— Place two clean,
5.3 Cleaning of Specimens Before Alkali Exposure —The weighed specimens in each specimen-holder box. Shims may
specimens shall be rinsed with running tap water and washed be useful in the bottom of the specimen boxes to center the
with a soft cellulose sponge dampened with a 1% solution of specimens vertically about the exposure openings. Back-
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: C614 − 10 (Reapproved 2011) C614 − 10 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Test Method for
Alkali Resistance of Porcelain Enamels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C614; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Test Method was corrected editorially in 2011
INTRODUCTION
Although all porcelain enamels are highly resistant to atttackattack by cold alkaline solutions, some
compositions are affected by hot solutions of the type encountered in automatic laundry and
dishwashing equipment. Tests to eliminate porcelain enamels of poor resistance have been developed
and used by various laboratories. In general, these tests consist of subjecting specimens to a boiling
solution of either sodium pyrophosphate or sodium hydroxide for a period of two or more hours. The
specimens are weighed before and after exposure to the test treatment and the loss-in-weight is taken
as a measure of alkali attack. In some tests representing milder exposure conditions, the 45 degree
specular gloss is measured before and after exposure and the percentage of initial gloss retained is used
as an indicator of alkali resistance. While such tests have served a useful purpose in developing more
resistant porcelain enamel compositions and in manufacturing control operations, agreement between
laboratories has left something to be desired. The present test was designed to provide the
reproducibility between laboratories that is so essential to any standard test procedure.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the resistance of a porcelain enamel to a hot solution of tetrasodium
pyrophosphate. Although the specific alkali mentioned herein is tetrasodium pyrophosphate the equipment and techniques are
equally applicable to other alkali solutions.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Significance and Use
2.1 This test method is intended specifically for testing the resistance to alkaline attack of porcelain enamels to be used as a final
finish on washing machines, dishwashers, combination washer-dryers, and similar appliances where the surface is normally
exposed to an alkaline environment at elevated temperatures.
3. Apparatus
3.1 Test Chamber, of a type illustrated in Fig. 1, Fig. 3, and Fig. 6. This part of the equipment consists of a stainless steel beaker
fitted with an O-ring sealed cover which supports an immersion heater, a stirring device, thermometer and thermistor wells; three
specimen holders; a reflux condenser; a flow channeling shield to slide over and be supported by the immersion heater; and a
stirring motor. The beaker, heater sheath, stirring device, thermometer and thermistor wells, specimen holders, and the flow
channeling shield shall be made from stainless steel alloys from the AISI 300 Series.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B08 on Metallic and Inorganic Coatings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B08.12 on
Materials for Porcelain Enamel and Ceramic-Metal Systems.
Current edition approved April 1, 2011May 1, 2015. Published April 2011May 2015. Originally approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 20052011 as
C614 – 10.C614 – 10(2011). DOI: 10.1520/C0614-10R11E01.10.1520/C0614-10R15.
This test was developed at the National Bureau of Standards under the sponsorship of The Porcelain Enamel Institute, Inc., and published as P. E. I. Bulletin T-25.
See the appendix for drawings of the equipment. This equipment may be purchased from the Hoover Instrument Service, Inc., 401 N. Home Rd.,Mansfield, Rd.,
Mansfield, OH 44906.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C614 − 10 (2015)
NOTE 1—Test solution is in stainless steel beaker.
FIG. 1 Alkali Equipment in Operation
3.2 Temperature Controller, thermistor-actuated, capable of maintaining the temperature of the alkali solution in the beaker at
96.00 6 0.20°C.
3.3 Thermometer, calibrated, approximately 15 in. (380 mm) long and ⁄32 in. (7.1 mm) in diameter, with 0.1° divisions.
3.4 Drying Oven, electrically heated.
3.5 Balance, having a sensitivity of 0.1 mg and a capacity of not less than 200 g.
3.6 Desiccator.
3.7 Hot Plate, or burner suitable for heating the test solution.
3.8 Sponge, soft, cellulose.
1 1 1
3.9 Aluminum Alloy Sheets, approximately 3 ⁄2 by 3 ⁄2 by ⁄8 in. (89 by 89 by 3.1 mm).
4. Reagents and Materials
4.1 Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate, hydrated (Na P O ·
4 2 7
10H O), recrystallized, reagent grade.
4.2 Trisodium Phosphate (Na PO ·12H O).
3 4 2
5. Test Specimens
5.1 Preparation of Specimens— The test specimens shall be 3 ⁄2 in. (89 mm) square and may be prepared by enameling metal
blanks of that size or by cutting from a larger piece. Hanging holes, if necessary for firing or weighing or both, may be placed at
the corners. The specimens shall be sufficiently flat to permit sealing in the holders. The edges of cut specimens shall be stoned
or filed to remove any sharp or loosely adhering fragments of metal or porcelain enamel. It is recommended that the specimens
be permanently marked on the back side for identification.
5.2 Number of Specimens—Six specimens shall be tested simultaneously.
5.3 Cleaning of Specimens Before Alkali Exposure —The specimens shall be rinsed with running tap water and washed with a
soft cellulose sponge dampened with a 1 % solution of trisodium phosphate. A light pressure and a back-and-forth motion in two
directions, 90° apart, shall be used in the washing. After washing, the specimens shall be rinsed first with running tap water, next
with distilled water and then allowed to drain in a near vertical position prior to oven-drying at 110°C for 15 min. The specimens
shall be cooled in a desiccator for 30 min prior to weighing.
C614 − 10 (2015)
Dimension in. mm
A 9 229
B ⁄4 6.4
C—Thermistor well ⁄32 8.7 OD
8 ⁄8 206 length
D—Thermometer well ⁄8 9.2 OD
8 ⁄8 206 length
E ⁄2 12.7
F 1 ⁄2 38.0
G—Heater chuck ⁄8 15.9
H 1 ⁄4 32.0
I 1 ⁄32 39.0
J 1 ⁄8 41.5
K ⁄8 22.2
L 3 ⁄8 98
M 1 ⁄32 37.5
N 2 ⁄8 54
FIG. 2 Cover for Alkali Equipment
5.4 Weighing of Test Specimens—The specimens shall be weighed immediately upon removal from the desiccator. Weights shall
be recorded to 0.0001 g. The weighed specimens shall be stored in a desiccator until tested.
6. Procedure
6.1 Preparation of Test Solution—Prepare the test solution by adding 260 g of tetrasodium pyrophosphate to 4.940 litres of
distilled water. Pour the entire amount of prepared solution into the beaker and cover the rectangular slots with lids. Use a freshly
prepared solution for each set of six spec
...