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ASTM E55-11

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Sampling Wrought Nonferrous Metals and Alloys for Determination of Chemical Composition

Standard Practice for Sampling Wrought Nonferrous Metals and Alloys for Determination of Chemical Composition

ABSTRACT
This practice covers the sampling, for the determination of chemical composition of nonferrous metals and alloys that have been reduced to their final form by mechanical working; that is, by such means as rolling, drawing, and extruding. The portion selection, sample preparation, sampling details, sample size and storage, and resampling are also detailed.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the sampling, for the determination of chemical composition (Note 1), of nonferrous metals and alloys that have been reduced to their final form by mechanical working; that is, by such means as rolling, drawing, and extruding.
1.1.1 Refer to Practice E255 for copper and copper alloys.
Note 1—The selection of correct portions of material and the preparation of a representative sample from such portions are necessary prerequisites to every analysis, the analysis being of no value unless the sample actually represents the average composition of the material from which it was selected.  
1.2 In special cases, when agreed upon by the purchaser and the manufacturer, the heat analysis may be accepted as representative of the composition of the finished product. In such cases, the identity of each heat of metal should be maintained through each stage of the manufacturing process to the final form. This method of sampling is not intended to apply under these conditions.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Jan-2011
ICS
77.040.30 - Chemical analysis of metals
Technical Committee
E01 - Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
Drafting Committee
E01.05 - Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Sn, Be, Precious Metals, their Alloys, and Related Metals
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM E55-11 - Standard Practice for Sampling Wrought Nonferrous Metals and Alloys for Determination of Chemical CompositionASTM E55-11 - Standard Practice for Sampling Wrought Nonferrous Metals and Alloys for Determination of Chemical Composition
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E55 − 11
Standard Practice for
Sampling Wrought Nonferrous Metals and Alloys for
1
Determination of Chemical Composition
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E55; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope E135 Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for
Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
1.1 This practice covers the sampling, for the determination
E255 Practice for Sampling Copper and Copper Alloys for
of chemical composition (Note 1), of nonferrous metals and
the Determination of Chemical Composition
alloys that have been reduced to their final form by mechanical
working; that is, by such means as rolling, drawing, and
3. Terminology
extruding.
1.1.1 Refer to Practice E255 for copper and copper alloys. 3.1 For definitions of terms used in this practice, see
Terminology E135.
NOTE 1—The selection of correct portions of material and the prepa-
ration of a representative sample from such portions are necessary 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
prerequisites to every analysis, the analysis being of no value unless the
3.2.1 portion, n—the term “portion” is used in this practice
sample actually represents the average composition of the material from
to designate the selected pieces of material from which the
which it was selected.
sample is prepared.
1.2 In special cases, when agreed upon by the purchaser and
3.2.2 sample, n—the term “sample” is used in this practice
the manufacturer, the heat analysis may be accepted as repre-
to designate the final form of the material submitted for
sentative of the composition of the finished product. In such
analysis (drillings, millings, etc.). A representative sample is
cases, the identity of each heat of metal should be maintained
defined as a small part containing the same ingredients in the
through each stage of the manufacturing process to the final
same proportions as they occur in the original lot or lots of
form. This method of sampling is not intended to apply under
material.
these conditions.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
4. Selection of Portion
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
4.1 A portion representative of the total shipment or order
only.
shall be selected at random for the final sample.These portions
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
shallbesotakenthatminimumwastageofmaterialisincurred,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
consistent with the required accuracy in sampling.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.2 Quantities of material withdrawn for sampling shall
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
comply with the requirements of theASTM standard covering
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
that particular material.
2. Referenced Documents 4.3 When portions are to be withdrawn from finished
2
material, it is recommended that arrangements be made for
2.1 ASTM Standards:
excess length or amount of material to provide the necessary
samples for inspection purposes.
4.4 Broken tension test specimens may be used conve-
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E01 on Analytical
Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials and is the direct responsibility of niently in place of specially selected portions when such
Subcommittee E01.05 on Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Sn, Be, theirAlloys, and Related Metals.
practice is agreeable to the purchaser.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2011. Published February 2011. Originally
approved in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as E55 – 91 (2005). DOI:
5. Preparation of Sample
10.1520/E0055-11.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.1 Samples of material too thin to be handled conveniently
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
for machining (drilling, milling, etc.) may be prepared by
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. clipping. Usually clippings would be limited to material
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E55−11
thinner than 1.02 mm (0.040 in.). Drillings, sawings, or 6.4 Lubricants are not required in the sampling of the
millings shall be taken from material of heavier gage. majority of wrought metals and alloys. With certain r
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E55–91(Reapproved2005) Designation:E55–11
Standard Practice for
Sampling Wrought Nonferrous Metals and Alloys for
1
Determination of Chemical Composition
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E55; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the sampling, for the determination of chemical composition (Note 1), of nonferrous metals and alloys
that have been reduced to their final form by mechanical working; that is, by such means as rolling, drawing, and extruding.
1.1.1 Refer to Practice E255 for copper and copper alloys.
NOTE 1—The selection of correct portions of material and the preparation of a representative sample from such portions are necessary prerequisites
to every analysis, the analysis being of no value unless the sample actually represents the average composition of the material from which it was selected.
1.2 In special cases, when agreed upon by the purchaser and the manufacturer, the heat analysis may be accepted as
representative of the composition of the finished product. In such cases, the identity of each heat of metal should be maintained
through each stage of the manufacturing process to the final form. This method of sampling is not intended to apply under these
conditions.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: ASTM Standards:
E135 Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
E255 Practice for Sampling Copper and Copper Alloys for the Determination of Chemical Composition
3. Terminology
3.1
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this practice, see Terminology E135.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1
3.2.1 portion, n—the term “portion” is used in this practice to designate the selected pieces of material from which the sample
is prepared.
3.1.2
3.2.2 sample, n—the term “sample” is used in this practice to designate the final form of the material submitted for analysis
(drillings, millings, etc.).Arepresentative sample is defined as a small part containing the same ingredients in the same proportions
as they occur in the original lot or lots of material.
4. Selection of Portion
4.1 Aportion representative of the total shipment or order shall be selected at random for the final sample. These portions shall
be so taken that minimum wastage of material is incurred, consistent with the required accuracy in sampling.
4.2 Quantities of material withdrawn for sampling shall comply with the requirements of the ASTM standard covering that
particular material.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E01 on Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee E01.05 on Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Sn, Be, their Alloys, and Related Metals.
Current edition approved Oct.Feb. 1, 2005.2011. Published October 2005.February 2011. Originally approved in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 20012005 as
E55 – 91 (20015). DOI: 10.1520/E0055-91R05.10.1520/E0055-11.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E55–11
4.3 When portions are to be withdrawn from finished material, it is recommended that arrangements be made for excess length
or amount of material to provide the necessary samples for inspection purposes.
4.4 Broken tension test specimens may be used conveniently in place of specially selected portions when such practice is
agreeable to the purchaser.
5. Preparation of Sample
5.1 Samp
...

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Mass Fraction
Range, %  
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0.001 to 0.007  
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Cobalt  
0.03 to 0.2  
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0.03 to 0.6  
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0.04 to 2.5  
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0.005 to 1.5  
Nickel  
0.04 to 3.0  
Niobium  
0.002 to 0.1  
Phosphorus  
0.010 to 0.08  
Silicon  
0.06 to 1.5  
Sulfur  
0.009 to 0.1  
Vanadium  
0.012 to 0.6  
1.1.1 Unless exceptions are noted, mass fraction ranges can be extended and additional elements can be included by the use of suitable reference materials and measurement conditions. Deviations from the published scope must be validated by experimental means. See Guide E2857 for information on validation options.  
1.2 The values stated in the International System of Units (SI) are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to other units that are provided for information only, because they may be used in older software and laboratory procedures.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 10.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E2209-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Analysis of High Manganese Steel by Spark Atomic Emission Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The chemical composition of high manganese steel alloys must be determined accurately to ensure the desired metallurgical properties. This procedure is suitable for manufacturing control and inspection testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the analysis of high manganese steel by spark atomic emission spectrometry for the following elements in the ranges shown:    
Elements  
Composition Range, %  
Aluminum (Al)  
0.02 to 0.15  
Carbon (C)  
0.3 to 1.4  
Chromium (Cr)  
0.25 to 2.00  
Manganese (Mn)  
8.0 to 16.2  
Molybdenum (Mo)  
0.03 to 2.0  
Nickel (Ni)  
0.05 to 4.0  
Phosphorus (P)  
0.025 to 0.06  
Silicon (Si)  
0.25 to 1.5
Note 1: The ranges represent the actual levels at which this method was tested.2 These composition ranges can be extended by the use of suitable reference materials. Validation of these extensions may be conducted by following Practice E2587. Sulfur is not included because differences in results between laboratories exceeded acceptable limits at all sulfur levels.  
1.2 This test method may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E1086-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Analysis of Austenitic Stainless Steel by Spark Atomic Emission Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The chemical composition of stainless steels must be determined accurately to ensure the desired metallurgical properties. This test method is suitable for manufacturing control and inspection testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method2 covers the analysis of austenitic stainless steel by spark atomic emission spectrometry for the following elements in the ranges shown    
Element  
Composition Range, %  
Chromium  
17.0 to 23.0  
Nickel  
7.5 to 13.0  
Molybdenum  
0.01 to 3.0    
Manganese  
0.01 to 2.0    
Silicon  
0.01 to 0.90  
Copper  
0.01 to 0.30  
Carbon  
0.005 to 0.25  
Phosphorus  
0.003 to 0.15  
Sulfur  
0.003 to 0.065  
1.2 This test method is designed for the analysis of chill-cast disks or inspection testing of stainless steel samples that have a flat surface of at least 13 mm (0.5 in.) in diameter. The samples must be sufficiently massive to prevent overheating during the discharge and of a similar metallurgical condition and composition as the reference materials.  
1.3 One or more of the reference materials must closely approximate the composition of the specimen. The technique of analyzing reference materials with unknowns and performing the indicated mathematical corrections (typically referred to as type standardization) may also be used to correct for interference effects and to compensate for errors resulting from instrument drift. A variety of such systems are commonly used. Any of these that will achieve analytical accuracy equivalent to that reported for this test method are acceptable.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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