ASTM D4867/D4867M-22

Standard Test Method for Effect of Moisture on Asphalt Mixtures

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method can be used to test asphalt mixtures in conjunction with mixture design testing to determine the potential for moisture damage, to determine whether or not an antistripping additive is effective, and to determine what dosage of an additive is needed to maximize the effectiveness. This test method can also be used to test mixtures produced in plants to determine the effectiveness of additives under the conditions imposed in the field.
Note 1: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for preparing and testing laboratory-compacted asphalt mixture specimens for the purpose of measuring the effect of water on the tensile strength of the paving mixture. This test method is applicable to dense mixtures such as those appearing in the Table for Composition of Bituminous Paving Mixtures in Specification D3515. This test method can be used to evaluate the effect of moisture with or without antistripping additives including liquids and pulverulent solids such as hydrated lime or portland cement.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units in brackets shall be regarded separately as standard. The values in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2022
• ICS: 93.080.20 - Road construction materials
• Technical Committee: D04 - Road and Paving Materials
• Drafting Committee: D04.22 - Effect of Water and Other Elements on Asphalt Coated Aggregates

Relations

• Refers: ASTM D6926-20 - Standard Practice for Preparation of Asphalt Mixture Specimens Using Marshall Apparatus
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2020
• Refers: ASTM D8-19 - Standard Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pavements
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2019
• Refers: ASTM D2041/D2041M-19 - Standard Test Method for Theoretical Maximum Specific Gravity and Density of Asphalt Mixtures
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2019
• Refers: ASTM D8-18c - Standard Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pavements
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2018
• Refers: ASTM D8-18b - Standard Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pavements
• Effective Date: 15-Aug-2018
• Refers: ASTM D8-18a - Standard Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pavements
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2018
• Refers: ASTM D8-18 - Standard Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pavements
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2018
• Refers: ASTM D3549/D3549M-17 - Standard Test Method for Thickness or Height of Compacted Asphalt Mixture Specimens
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2017
• Refers: ASTM D8-17c - Standard Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pavements
• Effective Date: 15-Jul-2017
• Refers: ASTM D8-17b - Standard Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pavements
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2017
• Refers: ASTM D2726/D2726M-17 - Standard Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and Density of Non-Absorptive Compacted Asphalt Mixtures
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2017
• Refers: ASTM D8-17a - Standard Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pavements
• Effective Date: 01-May-2017
• Refers: ASTM D1074-17 - Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Asphalt Mixtures
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2017
• Refers: ASTM D8-17 - Standard Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pavements
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2017
• Refers: ASTM D6926-16 - Standard Practice for Preparation of Asphalt Mixture Specimens Using Marshall Apparatus
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2016

Overview

ASTM D4867/D4867M-22: Standard Test Method for Effect of Moisture on Asphalt Mixtures specifies procedures for preparing and testing laboratory-compacted asphalt mixture specimens to assess the impact of moisture on their tensile strength. This standard provides an essential framework for identifying moisture damage potential in asphalt concrete paving mixtures, evaluating the effectiveness of antistripping additives, and optimizing additive dosages in both laboratory and plant-produced mixtures. The standard is vital for ensuring pavement durability, optimizing mixture design, and supporting high-quality roadway construction.

Key Topics

• Moisture Sensitivity Testing: The method covers processes to measure how moisture exposure affects the tensile strength of dense-graded asphalt mixtures.
• Additive Evaluation: Procedures allow for assessment of the effectiveness of antistripping additives, both liquid and solid (e.g., hydrated lime, portland cement).
• Specimen Preparation and Conditioning:
  • Laboratory-compacted specimens, typically at 6-8% air voids, are divided into two subsets: dry and moisture-conditioned.
  • Moisture conditioning involves partial saturation under vacuum and subsequent exposure to elevated temperatures.
• Mechanical Testing: Tensile strength is measured using a splitting test, with results reported as tensile strength ratios (TSR), comparing conditioned (wet) to unconditioned (dry) specimens.
• Application to Field and Plant Conditions: The method is designed to simulate field conditions, providing reliable data on mixture performance as placed in the field.
• Precision and Reporting: Guidelines on minimum specimens, required documentation, and precision limits are provided to ensure repeatability and reliability.

Applications

ASTM D4867/D4867M-22 is widely used in asphalt mixture design and quality control for:

• Mixture Design Validation: Assessing potential for moisture-induced damage before construction.
• Quality Assurance in Production: Testing plant-produced mixtures to confirm field performance and effectiveness of antistripping treatments.
• Optimizing Antistripping Additive Dosage: Determining the most effective type and amount of additive to enhance moisture resistance, reduce stripping, and extend pavement life.
• Forensic Analysis: Investigating asphalt pavement failures that may be related to moisture susceptibility.
• Specification Compliance: Meeting agency or project specifications that require demonstration of moisture resistance for asphalt mixtures.

Related Standards

Several ASTM standards are referenced within ASTM D4867/D4867M-22 for terminology, preparation, and testing of asphalt mixtures:

• ASTM D3515 - Specification for Hot-Mixed, Hot-Laid Bituminous Paving Mixtures
• ASTM D2726/D2726M - Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and Density of Non-Absorptive Compacted Asphalt Mixtures
• ASTM D2041/D2041M - Test Method for Theoretical Maximum Specific Gravity and Density of Asphalt Mixtures
• ASTM D3203 - Test Method for Percent Air Voids in Compacted Asphalt Mixtures
• ASTM D3666 - Specification for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving Materials
• ASTM D6926 - Practice for Preparation of Asphalt Mixture Specimens Using Marshall Apparatus
• ASTM D3549/D3549M - Test Method for Thickness or Height of Compacted Asphalt Mixture Specimens

Practical Value

By applying ASTM D4867/D4867M-22, engineers and laboratories can:

• Mitigate Pavement Distresses: Proactively identify and reduce moisture-related pavement failures.
• Enhance Durability: Improve the longevity and reliability of asphalt pavements.
• Ensure Regulatory Compliance: Satisfy agency requirements for moisture susceptibility testing.
• Improve Sustainability: Reduce maintenance needs and resource use by ensuring high-quality asphalt mixtures resistant to water damage.

Implementing this standard is a key step in modern asphalt pavement design and quality assurance, supporting long-lasting and cost-effective road infrastructure.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4867/D4867M − 22
Standard Test Method for
Effect of Moisture on Asphalt Mixtures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4867/D4867M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This test method covers procedures for preparing and
2.1 ASTM Standards:
testing laboratory-compacted asphalt mixture specimens for
D8Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pave-
the purpose of measuring the effect of water on the tensile
ments
strength of the paving mixture. This test method is applicable
D979/D979MPractice for Sampling Asphalt Mixtures
to dense mixtures such as those appearing in the Table for
D1074Test Method for Compressive Strength of Asphalt
Composition of Bituminous Paving Mixtures in Specification
Mixtures
D3515. This test method can be used to evaluate the effect of
D1561/D1561MPractice for Preparation of Bituminous
moisture with or without antistripping additives including
MixtureTestSpecimensbyMeansofCaliforniaKneading
liquidsandpulverulentsolidssuchashydratedlimeorportland
Compactor (Withdrawn 2022)
cement.
D2041/D2041MTest Method for Theoretical Maximum
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
Specific Gravity and Density of Asphalt Mixtures
inbracketsshallberegardedseparatelyasstandard.Thevalues
D2726/D2726MTest Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and
in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
Density of Non-Absorptive Compacted Asphalt Mixtures
system must be used independently of the other, without
D3203Test Method for Percent Air Voids in Compacted
combining values in any way.
Asphalt Mixtures
D3387Test Method for Compaction and Shear Properties of
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
Bituminous Mixtures by Means of the U.S. Corps of
whichprovideexplanatorymaterial.Thesenotesandfootnotes
Engineers Gyratory Testing Machine (GTM) (Withdrawn
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered
as requirements of the standard. 2020)
D3496Practice for Preparation of Bituminous Mixture
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Specimens for Dynamic Modulus Testing (Withdrawn
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
2010)
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D3515Specification for Hot-Mixed, Hot-Laid Bituminous
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Paving Mixtures (Withdrawn 2009)
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
D3549/D3549MTest Method for Thickness or Height of
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
Compacted Asphalt Mixture Specimens
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
D3665Practice for Random Sampling of Construction Ma-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
terials
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical D3666Specification for Minimum Requirements for Agen-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. cies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving Materials
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.22 on contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Effect of Water and Other Elements on Asphalt Coated Aggregates. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2022. Published November 2022. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D4867/D4867M–09 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
(2014). DOI: 10.1520/D4867_D4867M-22. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4867/D4867M − 22
D4013Practice for Preparation of Test Specimens of Bitu- 6. Apparatus
minous Mixtures by Means of Gyratory Shear Compactor
6.1 To prepare and compact the specimens, use apparatus
(Withdrawn 2013)
from any one of the following: Test Methods D1074 and
D4123Test Method for Indirect Tension Test for Resilient
D3387, Practice D3496, or Practices D1561/D1561M, D4013,
Modulus of Bituminous Mixtures (Withdrawn 2003)
and D6926.
D6926Practice for Preparation of Asphalt Mixture Speci-
6.2 Vacuum Pump or Water Aspirator, in accordance with
mens Using Marshall Apparatus
Test Method D2041/D2041M.
3. Terminology
6.3 Manometer or Vacuum Gage, in accordance with Test
Method D2041/D2041M.
3.1 Refer to Terminology D8 for definitions relating to
6.4 Container, preferably Type F, of Test Method D2041/
materials for roads and pavements.
D2041M.
4. Summary of Test Method
6.5 Balance, in accordance with Test Method D2726/
D2726M.
4.1 Potential for Moisture Damage—The degree of suscep-
tibility to moisture damage is determined by preparing a set of
6.6 Water Baths, three:
laboratory-compacted specimens conforming to the job-mix
6.6.1 One water bath in accordance with Test Method
formula without an additive. The specimens are compacted to
D2726/D2726M,
a void content corresponding to void levels expected in the
6.6.2 One bath capable of maintaining a temperature of 60
field, usually in the 6 to 8% range.The set is divided into two
6 1.0°C [140 6 1.8°F] for 24 h, and
subsets of approximately equal void content. One subset is
6.6.3 One bath capable of maintaining a temperature of 25
maintaineddrywhiletheothersubsetispartiallysaturatedwith
6 1.0°C [77 6 1.8°F].
water and moisture conditioned. The tensile strength of each
6.7 Mechanical or Hydraulic Testing Machine, capable of
subset is determined by the tensile splitting test. The potential
maintaining the required strain rate and measuring load with
for moisture damage is indicated by the ratio of the tensile
equal or better precision.
strength of the wet subset to that of the dry subset.
6.8 Loading Strips,inaccordancewithTestMethodD4123.
4.2 Additive Effect—The effect of an antistripping additive
is determined on a set of specimens containing an additive
7. Preparation of Laboratory Test Specimens
prepared and tested as described in 4.1. The effect of an
7.1 Make at least six specimens for each test, three to be
additivedosagemaybeestimatedbyrepeatingthetestsonsets
tested dry and three to be tested after partial saturation and
with different additive dosages.
moisture conditioning.
4.3 Plant-Produced Mixtures—The potential for moisture
7.2 Usespecimens100mm[4in.]indiameterand62.5mm
damage or the effectiveness of an additive in a plant-produced
[2.5 in.] high, in general, but specimens of other dimensions
mixture is determined on specimens that are laboratory com-
may be used if desired. When using aggregate larger than
pacted to expected field-level void content, divided into wet
25mm [1 in.], use specimens at least 150 mm [6 in.] in
and dry subsets, and evaluated as described in 4.2.
diameter.
NOTE 2—The user is cautioned that the specimen diameter has been
5. Significance and Use
determined to influence both the tensile strength and the tensile strength
5.1 This test method can be used to test asphalt mixtures in ratio. The tensile strength and the tensile strength ratio values may be
different for 150 mm specimens compared to 100 mm specimens.
conjunction with mixture design testing to determine the
potential for moisture damage, to determine whether or not an
7.3 Prepare mixtures in batches large enough to make at
antistripping additive is effective, and to determine what
least three specimens or, as an alternative, prepare a batch just
dosage of an additive is needed to maximize the effectiveness. large enough for one specimen. If theoretical maximum spe-
This test method can also be used to test mixtures produced in cific gravity is to be determined, use a batch large enough or
prepareaseparatebatchtoprovideaspecimenforthispurpose.
plants to determine the effectiveness of additives under the
conditions imposed in the field.
7.4 When a liquid antistripping additive is used, heat a
sufficient quantity of asphalt cement for one batch to 150 6
NOTE 1—The quality of the results produced by this standard are
6°C [300 6 10°F] in a closed 1 L[1 qt] can in an oven.Add
dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure
and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. the required quantity of additive and immediately mix, for
Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally
approximately 2 min, with a mechanical stirrer approximately
considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling,
25 mm [1 in.] from the bottom of the container. Maintain the
inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with
treated asphalt cement at 150 6 6°C [300 6 10°F] in the
Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results.
closedcanuntilitisused.Discardthetreatedasphaltcementif
Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of
not used the same day it is prepared, or if allowed to cool so
Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a
means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors. that it requires reheating.
D4867/D4867M − 22
7.5 When using a pulverulent solid antistripping additive, 8.2 Secure a sample from the truck at the plant in accor-
use the addition procedure simulating the procedure expected dance with Practice D979/D979M.
in the field. Follow the procedure specified in either 7.5.1,
8.3 Stabilize the mixture temperature to approximately the
7.5.2,or 7.5.3.
temperature found in the field when rolling begins. Maintain
7.5.1 When dry powder is added to dry aggregate, dry,
this temperature in a closed container, in an oven if necessary,
batch, and heat the mineral aggregate to 150 6 6°C [300 6
for approximately the time lapse between mixing and the start
10°F].Add the required quantity of additive to the aggregate,
of actual rolling.
andthoroughlymixtheentiremassuntilauniformdistribution
8.4 Compact the specimens in accordance with 7.6.2, and
of additive is achieved. Take care to minimize the loss of
cool and extract from the molds in accordance with 7.6.3.
additive to the atmosphere in the form of dust. After mixing,
8.5 If specimens are not to be compacted in the field
maintain the treated aggregate at the required mixing tempera-
laboratory, place the samples in a sealed container, transport to
ture until it is used.
the laboratory, and reheat to the temperature required in 8.3.
7.5.2 When dry powder is added to damp aggregate, batch
Proceed with the steps in 8.4.
thedampmineralaggregate,andadjustthemoisturecontentof
the combined aggregate to the expected field moisture level.
NOTE3—Specimensmadefromplant-producedmixturesinaccordance
Add the required quantity of additive to the damp aggregate, with Section 8 may yield different results from specimens made from
laboratory-produced mixtures of the same job mix made in accordance
andthoroughlymixtheentiremassuntilauniformdistribution
with Section 7.
of additive is achieved. Take care
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4867/D4867M − 09 (Reapproved 2014) D4867/D4867M − 22
Standard Test Method for
Effect of Moisture on Asphalt Concrete Paving Mixtures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4867/D4867M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers procedures for preparing and testing laboratory-compacted asphalt concretemixture specimens for the
purpose of measuring the effect of water on the tensile strength of the paving mixture. This test method is applicable to dense
mixtures such as those appearing in the Table for Composition of Bituminous Paving Mixtures in Specification D3515. This test
method can be used to evaluate the effect of moisture with or without antistripping additives including liquids and pulverulent
solids such as hydrated lime or portland cement.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units in parenthesesbrackets shall be regarded separately as standard. The
values in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other, without
combining values in any way.
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D8 Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pavements
D979D979/D979M Practice for Sampling Asphalt Mixtures
D1074 Test Method for Compressive Strength of Asphalt Mixtures
D1561D1561/D1561M Practice for Preparation of Bituminous Mixture Test Specimens by Means of California Kneading
Compactor (Withdrawn 2022)
D2041D2041/D2041M Test Method for Theoretical Maximum Specific Gravity and Density of Asphalt Mixtures
D2726D2726/D2726M Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and Density of Non-Absorptive Compacted Asphalt Mixtures
D3203 Test Method for Percent Air Voids in Compacted Asphalt Mixtures
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.22 on Effect
of Water and Other Elements on Asphalt Coated Aggregates.
Current edition approved July 1, 2014Nov. 1, 2022. Published November 2014November 2022. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 20092014
as D4867/D4867M – 09.D4867/D4867M – 09 (2014). DOI: 10.1520/D4867_D4867M-09R14.10.1520/D4867_D4867M-22.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4867/D4867M − 22
D3387 Test Method for Compaction and Shear Properties of Bituminous Mixtures by Means of the U.S. Corps of Engineers
Gyratory Testing Machine (GTM) (Withdrawn 2020)
D3496 Practice for Preparation of Bituminous Mixture Specimens for Dynamic Modulus Testing (Withdrawn 2010)
D3515 Specification for Hot-Mixed, Hot-Laid Bituminous Paving Mixtures (Withdrawn 2009)
D3549D3549/D3549M Test Method for Thickness or Height of Compacted Asphalt Mixture Specimens
D3665 Practice for Random Sampling of Construction Materials
D3666 Specification for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving Materials
D4013 Practice for Preparation of Test Specimens of Bituminous Mixtures by Means of Gyratory Shear Compactor (Withdrawn
2013)
D4123 Test Method for Indirect Tension Test for Resilient Modulus of Bituminous Mixtures (Withdrawn 2003)
D6926 Practice for Preparation of Asphalt Mixture Specimens Using Marshall Apparatus
3. Terminology
3.1 Refer to Terminology D8 for definitions relating to materials for roads and pavements.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Potential for Moisture Damage—The degree of susceptibility to moisture damage is determined by preparing a set of
laboratory-compacted specimens conforming to the job-mix formula without an additive. The specimens are compacted to a void
content corresponding to void levels expected in the field, usually in the 6 to 8 % range. The set is divided into two subsets of
approximately equal void content. One subset is maintained dry while the other subset is partially saturated with water and
moisture conditioned. The tensile strength of each subset is determined by the tensile splitting test. The potential for moisture
damage is indicated by the ratio of the tensile strength of the wet subset to that of the dry subset.
4.2 Additive Effect—The effect of an antistripping additive is determined on a set of specimens containing an additive prepared
and tested as described in 3.14.1. The effect of an additive dosage may be estimated by repeating the tests on sets with different
additive dosages.
4.3 Plant-Produced Mixtures—The potential for moisture damage or the effectiveness of an additive in a plant-produced mixture
is determined on specimens that are laboratory compacted to expected field-level void content, divided into wet and dry subsets,
and evaluated as described in 3.24.2.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method can be used to test asphalt concrete mixtures in conjunction with mixture design testing to determine the
potential for moisture damage, to determine whether or not an antistripping additive is effective, and to determine what dosage of
an additive is needed to maximize the effectiveness. This test method can also be used to test mixtures produced in plants to
determine the effectiveness of additives under the conditions imposed in the field.
NOTE 1—The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the
capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable
of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does
not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar
acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
6. Apparatus
6.1 To prepare and compact the specimens, use apparatus from any one of the following: Test Methods D1074, and D3387,
Practice D3496, or Practices D1561D1561/D1561M, D4013, and D6926.
6.2 Vacuum Pump or Water Aspirator, in accordance with Test Method D2041D2041/D2041M.
6.3 Manometer or Vacuum Gage, in accordance with Test Method D2041D2041/D2041M.
6.4 Container, preferably Type F, of Test Method D2041D2041/D2041M.
D4867/D4867M − 22
6.5 Balance, in accordance with Test Method D2726D2726/D2726M.
6.6 Water Baths, Three:three:
6.6.1 One waterbath water bath in accordance with Test Method D2726D2726/D2726M.,
6.6.2 One bath capable of maintaining a temperature of 60 6 1.0°C (1401.0 °C [140 6 1.8°F)1.8 °F] for 24 h, and
6.6.3 One bath capable of maintaining a temperature of 25 6 1.0°C (771.0 °C [77 6 1.8°F).1.8 °F].
6.7 Mechanical or Hydraulic Testing Machine, Mechanical or Hydraulic Testing Machinecapable of maintaining the required
strain rate and measuring load with equal or better precision.
6.8 Loading Strips, in accordance with Test Method D4123.
7. Preparation of Laboratory Test Specimens
7.1 Make at least six specimens for each test, three to be tested dry and three to be tested after partial saturation and moisture
conditioning.
7.2 Use specimens 100 mm (4 in.)[4 in.] in diameter and 62.5 mm (2.5 in.)[2.5 in.] high, in general, but specimens of other
dimensions may be used if desired. When using aggregate larger than 25 mm (1 in.), 25 mm [1 in.], use specimens at least 150
mm (6 in.)[6 in.] in diameter.
NOTE 2—The user is cautioned that the specimen diameter has been determined to influence both the tensile strength and the tensile strength ratio. The
tensile strength and the tensile strength ratio values may be different for 150–mm 150 mm specimens compared to 100–mm 100 mm specimens.
7.3 Prepare mixtures in batches large enough to make at least 3three specimens or, as an alternative, prepare a batch just large
enough for 1one specimen. If theoretical maximum specific gravity is to be determined, use a batch large enough or prepare a
separate batch to provide a specimen for this purpose.
7.4 When a liquid antistripping additive is used, heat a sufficient quantity of asphalt cement for one batch to 150 6 6°C (3006 °C
[300 6 10°F)10 °F] in a closed 1 L (1-qt) [1 qt] can in an oven. Add the required quantity of additive and immediately mix, for
approximately 2 min, with a mechanical stirrer approximately 25 mm (1 in.)[1 in.] from the bottom of the container. Maintain the
treated asphalt cement at 150 6 6°C (3006 °C [300 6 10°F)10 °F] in the closed can until it is used. Discard the treated asphalt
cement if not used the same day it is prepared, or if allowed to cool so that it requires reheating.
7.5 When using a pulverulent solid antistripping additive , additive, use the addition procedure simulating the procedure expected
in the field. Follow the procedure specified in either 6.5.17.5.1, 6.5.27.5.2, or 6.5.37.5.3.
7.5.1 When dry powder is added to dry aggregate, dry, batch, and heat the mineral aggregate to 150 6 6°C (3006 °C [300 6
10°F).10 °F]. Add the required quantity of additive to the aggregate, and thoroughly mix the entire mass until a uniform distribution
of additive is achieved. Take care to minimize the loss of additive to the atmosphere in the form of dust. After mixing, maintain
the treated aggregate at the required mixing temperature until it is used.
7.5.2 When dry powder is added to damp aggregate, batch the damp mineral aggregate, and adjust the moisture content of the
combined aggregate to the expected field moisture level. Add the required quantity of additive to the damp aggregate, and
thoroughly mix the entire mass until a uniform distribution of additive is achieved. Take care to minimize the loss of additive to
the atmosphere in the form of dust. After mixing, dry the treated aggregate, heat to the required mixing temperature, and maintain
at that temperature until it is used.
7.5.3 When powder slurry is used, add the required quantity of additive to water using the powder to water powder-to-water ratio
expected in the field. Take care to minimize the loss of additive to the atmosphere in the form of dust. To prevent settling,
continuously mix the resulting slurry until it is used. Batch the damp mineral aggregate, adjust the moisture content as required
D4867/D4867M − 22
in 6.5.27.5.2, add the required quantity of slurry, and thoroughly mix the entire mass until a uniform distribution of slurry is
achieved. After mixing, dry the treated aggregate, heat to the required mixing temperature, and maintain at that temperature until
used.
7.6 Proportion, mix, and compact specimens in accordance with one of the following: Test Methods D1074, D3387, Practice
D3496, PracticesPractice D1561D1561/D1561M, D4013, or D6926, and 6.6.17.6.1 and 6.6.27.6.2.
7.6.1 After mixing, stabilize the mixture temperature of each specimen at the re
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