ASTM D2041/D2041M-19
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Theoretical Maximum Specific Gravity and Density of Asphalt Mixtures
Standard Test Method for Theoretical Maximum Specific Gravity and Density of Asphalt Mixtures
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The theoretical maximum specific gravities and densities of asphalt mixtures are fundamental properties whose values are influenced by the composition of the mixture in terms of types and amounts of aggregates, asphalt binder, and other materials present in the mixtures.
5.1.1 Maximum specific gravity is used (1) in the calculation of air voids in the compacted asphalt mixture, (2) in calculating the amount of asphalt binder absorbed by the aggregate, and (3 ) to provide target values for the compaction of asphalt mixtures.
Note 1: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the theoretical maximum specific gravity and density of uncompacted asphalt mixtures at 25 °C [77 °F].
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.2.1 Residual pressure measurements are shown in both the SI unit of kPa and the commonly used nonstandard equivalent unit of “mm of Hg.”
1.2.2 Measurements of volume and mass are only given in SI units because they are the only units typically used in practice when performing this test method.
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2041/D2041M −19
Standard Test Method for
Theoretical Maximum Specific Gravity and Density of
1
Asphalt Mixtures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2041/D2041M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the theo- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
retical maximum specific gravity and density of uncompacted C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
asphalt mixtures at 25 °C [77 °F]. for Test Methods for Construction Materials
D8 Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pave-
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
ments
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
D979/D979M Practice for Sampling Bituminous Paving
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
Mixtures
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
D3666 Specification for Minimum Requirements for Agen-
values from the two systems may result in nonconformance
cies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving Materials
with the standard.
D4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Bal-
1.2.1 Residualpressuremeasurementsareshowninboththe
ances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and
SI unit of kPa and the commonly used nonstandard equivalent
Construction Materials Testing
unit of “mm of Hg.”
D8055 Guide for Selecting an Appropriate Electronic Ther-
1.2.2 Measurements of volume and mass are only given in
mometer for Replacing Mercury Thermometers in D04
SI units because they are the only units typically used in
Road and Paving Standards
practice when performing this test method.
3. Terminology
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
3.1 Refer to Terminology D8 for definitions relating to
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered
materials for roads and pavements.
as requirements of the standard.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.1 density, as determined by this test method—the mass
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
of a cubic meter of the material at 25 °C [77 °F] in SI units.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.2 residual pressure, as employed by this test method—
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
the pressure in a vacuum vessel when vacuum is applied.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.2.3 specific gravity, as determined by this test method—
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
the ratio of a given mass of material at 25 °C [77 °F] to the
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
mass of an equal volume of water at the same temperature.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.2.4 standardize, as employed by this test method—
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
determine the value realized by a measurement instrument in
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
direct comparison with the value realized by a standard under
the same testing conditions.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.21 on
2
Specific Gravity and Density of Asphalt Mixtures. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved June 1, 2019. Published June 2019. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D2041/D2041M – 11. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D2041_D2041M-19. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D2041/D2041M − 19
4. Summary of Test Method underwater measurements will be taken, then the balance shall
be equipped with a suitable suspension apparatus and holder to
4.1 A weighed sample of oven-dry asphalt mixture in the
permitweighingthesamplewhilesuspendedfromthecenterof
loose condition is placed in a tared vacuum vessel.
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2041/D2041M − 11 D2041/D2041M − 19
Standard Test Method for
Theoretical Maximum Specific Gravity and Density of
1
Bituminous Paving Asphalt Mixtures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2041/D2041M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the theoretical maximum specific gravity and density of uncompacted
bituminous paving asphalt mixtures at 25°C [77°F].25 °C [77 °F].
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformancenonconformance with the standard.
1.2.1 Residual pressure measurements are shown in both the SI unit of kPa and the commonly used non-standardnonstandard
equivalent unit of “mm of Hg”.Hg.”
1.2.2 Measurements of volume and mass are only given in SI units because they are the only units typically used in practice
when performing this test method.
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials
D8 Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pavements
D979D979/D979M Practice for Sampling Bituminous Paving Mixtures
D3666 Specification for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving Materials
D4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Balances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and Construction
Materials Testing
E1D8055 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersGuide for Selecting an Appropriate Electronic Thermometer
for Replacing Mercury Thermometers in D04 Road and Paving Standards
3
E12 Terminology Relating to Density and Specific Gravity of Solids, Liquids, and Gases (Withdrawn 1996)
3. Terminology
3.1 The terms “specific gravity”Refer to Terminology D8 and “density” used in this test method are in accordance with
Terminology for definitions relating to materials for roads and pavements.E12.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.21 on Specific
Gravity and Density of BituminousAsphalt Mixtures.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2011June 1, 2019. Published March 2011June 2019. Originally approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 20032011 as
D2041 – 03D2041/D2041M – 11.A. DOI: 10.1520/D2041_D2041M–11.10.1520/D2041_D2041M-19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2041/D2041M − 19
3.2.1 density, as determined by this test method—the mass of a cubic meter of the material at 25°C [77°F]25 °C [77 °F] in SI
units.
3.2.2 residual pressure, as employed by this test method—the pressure in a vacuum vessel when vacuum is applied.
3.2.3 specific gravity, as determined by this test method—the ratio of a given mass of material at 25°C [77°F]25 °C [77 °F] to
...
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