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ASTM D2914-01

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Sulfur Dioxide Content of the Atmosphere (West-Gaeke Method)

Standard Test Methods for Sulfur Dioxide Content of the Atmosphere (West-Gaeke Method)

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the bubbler collection and colorimetric determination of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the ambient or workplace atmosphere.
1.2 These test methods are applicable for determining SO2 over the range from approximately 25 µg/m3  (0.01 ppm(v)) to 1000 µg/m3 (0.4 ppm(v)), corresponding to a solution concentration of 0.03 µg SO2/mL to 1.3 µg SO2/mL. Beer's law is followed through the working analytical range from 0.02 µg SO2/mL to 1.4 µg SO2/mL.
1.3 The lower limit of detection is 0.075 µg SO2/mL(1), representing an air concentration of 25 µg SO2/m3  (0.01 ppm(v)) in a 30-min sample, or 13 µg SO2/m3  (0.005 ppm(v)) in a 24-h sample.
1.4 These test methods incorporate sampling for periods between 30 min and 24 h.
1.5 These test methods describe the determination of the collected (impinged) samples. A Method A and a Method B are described.
1.6 Method A is preferred over Method B, as it gives the higher sensitivity, but it has a higher blank. Manual Method B is pH-dependent, but is more suitable with spectrometers having a spectral band width greater than 20 nm.
Note 1--These test methods are applicable at concentrations below 25 µg/m 3  by sampling larger volumes of air if the absorption efficiency of the particular system is first determined, as described in Annex A4.
Note 2--Concentrations higher than 1000 µg/m 3  can be determined by using smaller gas volumes, larger collection volumes, or by suitable dilution of the collected sample with absorbing solution prior to analysis.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see 8.3.1, Section 9 , and A3.1.1

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Mar-2001
ICS
13.040.20 - Ambient atmospheres
Technical Committee
D22 - Air Quality
Drafting Committee
D22.03 - Ambient Atmospheres and Source Emissions
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D2914-95 - Standard Test Methods for Sulfur Dioxide Content of the Atmosphere (West-Gaeke Method)
Effective Date
10-Mar-2001
Replaced By
ASTM D2914-01(2007) - Standard Test Methods for Sulfur Dioxide Content of the Atmosphere (West-Gaeke Method)
Effective Date
01-Apr-2007
Referred By
ASTM D2913-20 - Standard Test Method for Mercaptan Content of the Atmosphere
Effective Date
10-Mar-2001
Referred By
ASTM B827-05(2020) - Standard Practice for Conducting Mixed Flowing Gas (MFG) Environmental Tests
Effective Date
10-Mar-2001

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ASTM D2914-01 - Standard Test Methods for Sulfur Dioxide Content of the Atmosphere (West-Gaeke Method)ASTM D2914-01 - Standard Test Methods for Sulfur Dioxide Content of the Atmosphere (West-Gaeke Method)
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ASTM D2914-01 - Standard Test Methods for Sulfur Dioxide Content of the Atmosphere (West-Gaeke Method)
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D2914–01
Standard Test Methods for
Sulfur Dioxide Content of the Atmosphere (West-Gaeke
1
Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2914; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 These test methods cover the bubbler collection and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
colorimetric determination of sulfur dioxide (SO)inthe
2
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
ambient or workplace atmosphere.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
1.2 These test methods are applicable for determining SO
2
3
precautionary statements, see 8.3.1, Section 9, and A3.1.1.
over the range from approximately 25 µg/m (0.01 ppm(v)) to
3
1000 µg/m (0.4 ppm(v)), corresponding to a solution concen-
2. Referenced Documents
tration of 0.03 µgSO /mL to 1.3 µgSO /mL. Beer’s law is
2 2
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
followed through the working analytical range from 0.02 µg
D1071 Test Methods for Volumetric Measurement of Gas-
SO /mL to 1.4 µgSO /mL.
2 2
2 eous Fuel Samples
1.3 The lower limit of detection is 0.075 µgSO /mL (1) ,
2
3
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
representing an air concentration of 25 µgSO /m (0.01
2
3
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling andAnalysis of
ppm(v)) in a 30–min sample, or 13 µgSO /m (0.005 ppm(v))
2
Atmospheres
in a 24–h sample.
D1357 Practice for Planning the Sampling of the Ambient
1.4 These test methods incorporate sampling for periods
Atmosphere
between 30 min and 24 h.
D1605 PracticesforSamplingAtmospheresforAnalysisof
1.5 These test methods describe the determination of the
Gases and Vapors
collected(impinged)samples.AMethodAandaMethodBare
D1914 Practice for Conversion Units and Factors Relating
described.
to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
1.6 Method A is preferred over Method B, as it gives the
D3195 Practice for Rotameter Calibration
higher sensitivity, but it has a higher blank. Manual Method B
D3609 Practice for Calibration Techniques Using Perme-
is pH-dependent, but is more suitable with spectrometers
ation Tubes
having a spectral band width greater than 20 nm.
D3631 Test Methods for Measuring Surface Atmospheric
NOTE 1—These test methods are applicable at concentrations below 25
Pressure
3
µg/m bysamplinglargervolumesofairiftheabsorptionefficiencyofthe
E1 Specification for ASTM Thermometers
particular system is first determined, as described in Annex A4.
3 E275 Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance
NOTE 2—Concentrationshigherthan1000 µg/m canbedeterminedby
of Ultraviolet, Visible, and Near-Infrared Spectrophotom-
using smaller gas volumes, larger collection volumes, or by suitable
eters
dilution of the collected sample with absorbing solution prior to analysis.
2.2 Other Standards:
40 CFR Part 58 Probe and Monitoring Path Siting Criteria
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D22 onAir
Quality and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.03 on Ambient
Atmospheres and Source Emissions.
3
Current edition approved March 10, 2001. Published May 2001. Originally For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
published as D2914–70T. Last previous edition D2914–95. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
this standard. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2914–01
4
from Ambient Air Quality Monitoring, Appendix E 7. Apparatus
7.1 For Sampling:
3. Terminology
7.1.1 Absorber, Short–Term Sampling—An all-glass midget
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this method, refer to
impinger having a solution capacity of 30 mL and a stem
Terminology D1356.
clearance of 4 6 1 mm from the bottom of the vessel is used
for sampling periods of 30 min and 1 h (or any period
4. Summary of Test Methods
considerably less than 24 h).
4.1 Sulfur dioxide (SO ) is absorbed by aspirating a mea-
2
7.1.2 Absorber, 24-h Sampling—A glass or polypropylene
sured air sample through a tetrachloromercurate (TCM) solu-
tube 32 mm in diameter and 164 mm long with a polypropy-
tion,resultingintheformati
...

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5.4 This guide may be used to supplement assessment procedures used to determine the causes of elevated blood lead (EBL) levels in young children.
Note 2: In cases of EBL levels, investigation of the total living environment of the child and a pediatric medical evaluation may also be needed. Reference should be made to documents such as Managing Elevated Blood Lead Levels Among Young Children,6 Preventing Lead Poisoning in Young Children (1991),7 the HUD Guidelines, and Screening Young Children for Lead Poisoning (1997).7  
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1.3 Procedures for random sampling of units within dwellings having multiple units are not included.  
1.4 This guide contains notes, which are explanatory, and are not part of the mandatory requirements of this guide.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.5.1 Exception—The inch-pound and SI units shown for wipe sampling data are to be individually regarded as standard for wipe sampling data.  
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3.5 Values of units in the left column may be converted to values of units in the right column merely by multiplying by the conversion factor provided in the center column.  (A) For specific applications and exceptions, see Terminology D1356.
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1.1 This practice provides units and factors useful for members of the air pollution and meteorological communities.  
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Standard Practice for Performance Evaluation of Ambient Outdoor Air Quality Sensors and Sensor-based Instruments for Portable and Fixed-point Measurement

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice establishes standardized tests for the performance evaluation of sensor-based continuous instruments for ambient air quality measurements. Public and private air monitoring interests have manifested themselves as a driving force for the deployment of air quality sensors and instruments to quantify air pollutant concentrations in communities, around schools, around industrial facilities, and elsewhere. Users of air quality sensors require information on the performance and limitations of these devices so that informed decisions regarding their suitability for various purposes can be determined. This practice describes both laboratory and field tests that provide information on candidate instrument repeatability, sensitivity, linearity, cross-interferences, drift and comparability with more costly instruments typically used by entities such as government agencies. The air quality sensors are first evaluated in a laboratory chamber by comparing their response to a reference instrument and challenging the gas sensors with interferents. The sensors are then deployed outdoors for field testing at two sites with different climates against reference air quality instruments. This practice is intended to be referenced in standards and codes that establish minimum performance quality for sensor-based ambient outdoor air monitoring.  
5.2 This practice is intended for air quality sensors that measure one or more of the criteria pollutants in ambient air (ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, PM10 and PM2.5) that can be operated in outdoor environments and can log a concentration reading. It is not intended for devices or transducers that require additional enclosures for deployment outdoors or post-processing to convert their output signal into a pollutant concentration reading.  
5.3 It is anticipated that the main users of this practice will be manufacturers, developers, and distributors of outdoor air quality sensors, air quality agenc...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes standardized tests for the performance evaluation of sensor-based continuous instruments for ambient outdoor air quality measurements. It describes both laboratory and field tests that provide information on candidate sensor repeatability, sensitivity, linearity, cross-interferences, drift, and comparability against reference instruments.  
1.2 This practice does not apply to sensors or instruments that remotely measure atmospheric pollutants using open path, lidar, or imaging technology.  
1.3 The evaluation procedures contained in this practice are for sensors that alone or in combination measure outdoor criteria pollutants in ambient air: particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), or nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at concentrations that are relevant to public health.  
1.4 Testing is to be performed by a competent entity able to demonstrate that it operates in conformity with internationally accepted test laboratory quality standards such as ISO/IEC 17025.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D2914-15(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Sulfur Dioxide Content of the Atmosphere (West-Gaeke Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Sulfur dioxide is a major air pollutant, commonly formed by the combustion of sulfur-bearing fuels. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has set primary and secondary air quality standards (7) that are designed to protect the public health and welfare.  
5.2 The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has promulgated exposure limits for sulfur dioxide in workplace atmospheres (8).  
5.3 These methods have been found satisfactory for measuring sulfur dioxide in ambient and workplace atmospheres over the ranges pertinent in 5.1 and 5.2.  
5.4 Method A has been designed to correspond to the EPA-Designated Reference Method (7) for the determination of sulfur dioxide.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the bubbler collection and colorimetric determination of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the ambient or workplace atmosphere.  
1.2 These test methods are applicable for determining SO2 over the range from approximately 25 μg/m3 (0.01 ppm(v)) to 1000 μg/m3 (0.4 ppm(v)), corresponding to a solution concentration of 0.03 μg SO2/mL to 1.3 μg SO2/mL. Beer's law is followed through the working analytical range from 0.02 μg SO2/mL to 1.4 μg SO2/mL.  
1.3 The lower limit of detection is 0.075 μg SO2/mL (1),2 representing an air concentration of 25 μg SO2/m3 (0.01 ppm(v)) in a 30-min sample, or 13 μg SO2/m3 (0.005 ppm(v)) in a 24-h sample.  
1.4 These test methods incorporate sampling for periods between 30 min and 24 h.  
1.5 These test methods describe the determination of the collected (impinged) samples. A Method A and a Method B are described.  
1.6 Method A is preferred over Method B, as it gives the higher sensitivity, but it has a higher blank. Manual Method B is pH-dependent, but is more suitable with spectrometers having a spectral band width greater than 20 nm.
Note 1: These test methods are applicable at concentrations below 25 μg/m3 by sampling larger volumes of air if the absorption efficiency of the particular system is first determined, as described in Annex A4.
Note 2: Concentrations higher than 1000 μg/m3 can be determined by using smaller gas volumes, larger collection volumes, or by suitable dilution of the collected sample with absorbing solution prior to analysis.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 Warning—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see 8.3.1, Section 9, and A3.1.3.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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