ASTM D994/D994M-11(2016)

Standard Specification for Preformed Expansion Joint Filler for Concrete (Bituminous Type)

ABSTRACT
This specification covers bituminous preformed expansion joint filler for use in concrete construction. This product shall consist of a bituminous (asphalt or tar) mastic composition, formed and encased between two layers of bituminous impregnated felt or two layers of glass-fiber felt. The mastic shall comprise mineral fillers and reinforcing fibers and may contain thin strips of reinforcing sheet material. Different test methods shall be performed in order to determine the following properties: distortion at 52°C, brittleness, water absorption, and compression.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers bituminous preformed expansion joint filler for use in concrete construction.  
Note 1: Attention is called to ASTM Specifications D1751 and D1752.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2016
• ICS: 91.100.30 - Concrete and concrete products
• Technical Committee: D04 - Road and Paving Materials
• Drafting Committee: D04.34 - Preformed Joint Fillers, Sealers and Sealing Systems

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D994/D994M −11 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Specification for
Preformed Expansion Joint Filler for Concrete (Bituminous
Type)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D994/D994M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope fiber felt. The mastic shall comprise mineral fillers and
reinforcing fibers and may contain thin strips of reinforcing
1.1 This specification covers bituminous preformed expan-
sheet material.
sion joint filler for use in concrete construction.
NOTE 1—Attention is called to ASTM Specifications D1751 and
4. General Requirements
D1752.
4.1 Preformedstripsofexpansionjointfillershallbeofsuch
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
character as not to be deformed or broken by ordinary handling
pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
when exposed to atmospheric conditions and shall not become
values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;
brittle in cold weather. Pieces of the joint filler that have been
therefore,eachsystemshallbeusedindependentlyoftheother.
damaged shall be rejected.
Combining values from the two systems may result in noncon-
formance with the standard.
5. Properties
5.1 Distortion at 50°C [125°F]—The joint filler shall not
2. Referenced Documents
show a deflection of more than 1 in. (25 mm) when tested in
2.1 ASTM Standards:
accordance with 8.2.1.
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
5.2 Brittleness—The joint filler shall not crack or shatter
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
when tested in accordance with 8.2.2.
D545 Test Methods for Preformed Expansion Joint Fillers
for Concrete Construction (Nonextruding and Resilient
NOTE 2—Expansion joint filler having a nominal thickness of 5 mm [ ⁄4
in.] or less shall not be subject to a requirement for brittleness.
Types)
D1751 Specification for Preformed Expansion Joint Filler
5.3 Water Absorption—The water absorption of the joint
for Concrete Paving and Structural Construction (Nonex-
filler, when tested in accordance with 8.2.3, shall not exceed
truding and Resilient Bituminous Types)
the following values:
D1752 Specification for Preformed Sponge Rubber Cork
Nominal Thickness of Absorption, max,
and Recycled PVC Expansion Joint Fillers for Concrete
Joint, min, mm [in.] weight %
25 [1] 2.5
Paving and Structural Construction
20 [ ⁄4]3
15 [ ⁄2]4
3. Manufacture 3
10 [ ⁄8]5
3.1 This product shall consist of a bituminous (asphalt or NOTE 3—Expansion joint filler having a nominal thickness of less than
10 mm [ ⁄8 in.] shall not be subject to a requirement for water absorption.
tar) mastic composition, formed and encased between two
layers of bituminous impregnated felt or two layers of glass-
5.4 Compression—The load required to compress the test
specimen to 50 % of its thickness before test shall not be less
than nor more than the following values when the joint filler is
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
tested in accordance with 8.2.4.
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.34 on
Nominal Thickness of Load Requirements,
Preformed Joint Fillers, Sealers and Sealing Systems.
Joint, mm [in.] min-max. kPa [psi]
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2016. Published October 2016. Originally
approved in 1948. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D994/D994M – 11.
25 [1] 700-5000 [100-754]
DOI: 10.1520/D0994_D0994M-11R16.
20 [ ⁄4 ] 700-6000 [100-841]
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
15 [ ⁄2 ] 700-6500 [100-928]
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on NOTE 4—Expansion joint filler having a nominal thickness of less than
the ASTM website. 15 mm [ ⁄2 in.] shall not be subject to a requirement for compression.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D994/D994M−11 (2016)
A
TABLE 1 Single-Operator Precision Statements SI Units Only
Property Property as a function of Nominal Thickness
Thickness, Nominal, mm. 25.4 19.1 12.7 9.5 6.4
Distortion, max. mm. 25.4 25.4 25.4 25.4 25.4
Precision, max.accept.range. 2.93 2.30 5.92 6.03 6.84
Brittleness Pass* Pass* Pass* Pass* ----
Precision, max.accept.range ** ** ** ** ----
Water Absorption, wt % max. 2.5 3 4 5 ----
Precision, max.accept.range. 0.057 0.087 0.400 1.187 ----
Compression, kPa, min-max. 690–5200 690–5800 690–6400 ---- ----
Precision, max.accept.range. 204.2 180.1 416.5 ---- ----
NOTE—Precision, max.accept.range. Per Practice C670, Maximum acceptable range between high and
low individual measurements.
Pass* Not crack or shatter.
** No precision statement is necessary for this attribute.
A
All precision data was derived using inch-pound units.
6. Dimensions and Permissible Variations before testing. Clamp the specimen between two boards so that
the expansion joint forms a cantilever of 90 mm [3 ⁄2 in.] in
6.1 The preformed strips shall conform to the dimensions
length and hold in a horizontal position by a suitable rigid
specified or shown on the plans. Strips of the joint filler that do
support. Suspend a spherical cast iron ball weighing 0.40 kg
not conform to the specified dimensions within the permissible
[0.95 lb] and having a diameter of 50 mm [1 ⁄8 in.] by a cord
1 1
variations of 61mm [ ⁄16 in.] in thickness, 62mm[ ⁄8 in.] in
tied to an eyelet fastened to the ball. For specimens having a
depth, and 65mm[ ⁄4 in.] in length shall be rejected.
thickness of 15 mm [ ⁄16 in.] or less, suspend the ball 300 mm
7. Sampling [1 ft] above the center of the projecting portion of the
specimen. For specimens over 15 mm [ ⁄16 in.] in thickness,
7.1 Size of Sample—Each sample shall consist of sufficient
suspendtheball600mm[2ft]abovethespecimen.Releasethe
material to provide at least three test specimens measuring 50
ball by burning the cord above the eyelet. Other suitable
by 150 mm [2 by 6 in.] and at least one test specimen
suspension-and-release devices may be used.
measuring 100 by 100 mm [4 by 4 in.].
8.2.3 Water Absorption—Cut a t
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D994/D994M − 11 D994/D994M − 11 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Specification for
Preformed Expansion Joint Filler for Concrete (Bituminous
Type)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D994/D994M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers bituminous preformed expansion joint filler for use in concrete construction.
NOTE 1—Attention is called to ASTM Specifications D1751 and D1752.
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated
in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values
from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials
D545 Test Methods for Preformed Expansion Joint Fillers for Concrete Construction (Nonextruding and Resilient Types)
D1751 Specification for Preformed Expansion Joint Filler for Concrete Paving and Structural Construction (Nonextruding and
Resilient Bituminous Types)
D1752 Specification for Preformed Sponge Rubber Cork and Recycled PVC Expansion Joint Fillers for Concrete Paving and
Structural Construction
3. Manufacture
3.1 This product shall consist of a bituminous (asphalt or tar) mastic composition, formed and encased between two layers of
bituminous impregnated felt or two layers of glass-fiber felt. The mastic shall comprise mineral fillers and reinforcing fibers and
may contain thin strips of reinforcing sheet material.
4. General Requirements
4.1 Preformed strips of expansion joint filler shall be of such character as not to be deformed or broken by ordinary handling
when exposed to atmospheric conditions and shall not become brittle in cold weather. Pieces of the joint filler that have been
damaged shall be rejected.
5. Properties
5.1 Distortion at 50°C [125°F]—The joint filler shall not show a deflection of more than 1 in. (25 mm) when tested in
accordance with 8.2.1.
5.2 Brittleness—The joint filler shall not crack or shatter when tested in accordance with 8.2.2.
NOTE 2—Expansion joint filler having a nominal thickness of 5 mm [ ⁄4 in.] or less shall not be subject to a requirement for brittleness.
5.3 Water Absorption—The water absorption of the joint filler, when tested in accordance with 8.2.3, shall not exceed the
following values:
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.34 on Preformed
Joint Fillers, Sealers and Sealing Systems.
Current edition approved July 1, 2011Oct. 1, 2016. Published August 2011October 2016. Originally approved in 1948. Last previous edition approved in 20102011 as
D994 – 98D994/D994M – 11.(2010). DOI: 10.1520/D0994_D0994M-11.10.1520/D0994_D0994M-11R16.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D994/D994M − 11 (2016)
Nominal Thickness of Absorption, max,
Joint, min, mm [in.] weight %
25 [1] 2.5
20 [ ⁄4 ] 3
15 [ ⁄2 ] 4
10 [ ⁄8 ] 5
NOTE 3—Expansion joint filler having a nominal thickness of less than 10 mm [ ⁄8 in.] shall not be subject to a requirement for water absorption.
5.4 Compression—The load required to compress the test specimen to 50 % of its thickness before test shall not be less than
nor more than the following values when the joint filler is tested in accordance with 8.2.4.
Nominal Thickness of Load Requirements,
Joint, mm [in.] min-max. kPa [psi]
25 [1] 700-5000 [100-754]
20 [ ⁄4 ] 700-6000 [100-841]
15 [ ⁄2 ] 700-6500 [100-928]
NOTE 4—Expansion joint filler having a nominal thickness of less than 15 mm [ ⁄2 in.] shall not be subject to a requirement for compression.
6. Dimensions and Permissible Variations
6.1 The preformed strips shall conform to the dimensions specified or shown on the plans. Strips of the joint filler that do not
1 1
conform to the specified dimensions within the permissible variations of 61mm [ ⁄16 in.] in thickness, 62 mm [ ⁄8 in.] in depth,
and 65 mm [ ⁄4 in.] in length shall be rejected.
7. Sampling
7.1 Size of Sample—Each sample shall consist of sufficient material to provide at least three test specimens measuring 50 by
150 mm [2 by 6 in.] and at least one test specimen measuring 100 by 100 mm [4 by 4 in.].
2 2
7.2 Number of Samples—One representative sample shall be selected from each shipment of 100 m [1000 ft ], or fraction
thereof, of each thickness ordered.
7.3 Samples shall be packed for transportation in such a manner that there will be no danger of distortion or breakage.
8. Test Methods
8.1 Significance and Use:
8.1.1 The distortion and brittleness tests are used to determine the handling characteristic of the material. The water absorption
and compression tests are used to determine the suitability of the material as an expansion joint filler.
8.2 Procedures:
8.2.1 Distortion at 50°C [125°F]—Cut a test specimen 50 by 150 mm [2 by 6 in.], substantially flat and straight, with the
150-mm [6-in.] dimension parallel to the machine direction of the strip. Clamp the specimen between two blocks so that the
expansion joint forms a cantilever of 90-mm [3 ⁄2-in.] length. Place the clamp and joint assembly in a forced-draft oven maintained
at 50 6 1C [125 6 2°F], with the specimen in a horizontal position, for 2 h. Measure the deflection of the specimen from the
horizontal.
8.2.2 Brittleness—Cut a test specimen 50 by 150 mm [2 by 6 in.] with the 150-mm [6-in.] dimension parallel to the machine
direction of the strip. Maintain the specimen at a temperature of 5 6 1°C [39 to 43°F] in water for at least 2 h before testing. Clamp
the specimen between two boards so that the expansion joint forms a cantilever of 90 mm [3 ⁄2 in.] in length and hold in a
...