ASTM B828-00
(Practice)Standard Practice for Making Capillary Joints by Soldering of Copper and Copper Alloy Tube and Fittings
Standard Practice for Making Capillary Joints by Soldering of Copper and Copper Alloy Tube and Fittings
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a procedure for making capillary joints by soldering of copper and copper alloy tube and fittings.
1.2 This procedure is applicable to pressurized systems such as plumbing, heating, air conditioning, refrigeration, mechanical, fire sprinkler, and other similar systems. ASME B31.5 and B31.9 reference the techniques employed for satisfactory joint preparation. It is also used in the assembly of non-pressurized systems such as drainage, waste and vent.
1.3 It is not applicable to the assembly of electrical or electronic systems.
1.4 Manufacturers should supply variations and additional specific detailed instructions for their particular products, if and when necessary.
1.5 Tube and fittings are manufactured within certain tolerances to provide for the small variations in dimensions associated with manufacturing practice. Applicable specifications are listed in the appendix.
1.6 A variety of solders are available that will produce sound, leak-tight joints. Choice of solder will depend upon the type of application and on local codes. For potable water systems, only lead-free solders shall be used, some of which are described in Specification B32.
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information purposes only.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For hazard statements see Notes 1, 2, and 3.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
Designation: B 828 – 00
Standard Practice for
Making Capillary Joints by Soldering of Copper and Copper
Alloy Tube and Fittings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 828; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope B 68M Specification for Seamless Copper Tube, Bright
Annealed [Metric]
1.1 This practice describes a procedure for making capillary
B 75 Specification for Seamless Copper Tube
joints by soldering of copper and copper alloy tube and fittings.
B 75M Specification for Seamless Copper Tube [Metric]
1.2 Thisprocedureisapplicabletopressurizedsystemssuch
B 88 Specification for Seamless Copper Water Tube
as plumbing, heating, air conditioning, refrigeration, mechani-
B 88M Specification for Seamless Copper Water Tube
cal, fire sprinkler, and other similar systems.ASME B31.5 and
[Metric]
B31.9 reference the techniques used for satisfactory joint
B 280 Specification for Seamless Copper Tube for Air
preparation. It is also used in the assembly of nonpressurized
Conditioning and Refrigeration Field Service
systems such as drainage, waste, and vent.
B 306 Specification for Copper Drainage Tube (DWV)
1.3 It is not applicable to the assembly of electrical or
B 447 Specification for Welded Copper Tube
electronic systems.
B 640 Specification for Welded Copper and Copper Alloy
1.4 Tube and fittings are manufactured within certain toler-
Tube for Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Service
ances to provide for the small variations in dimensions
B 641 Specification for Seamless and Welded Copper Dis-
associated with manufacturing practice. Applicable specifica-
tribution Tube (Type D)
tions are listed in Appendix X1.
B 716 Specification for Welded Copper Water Tube
1.5 A variety of solders are available that will produce
B 716M Specification forWelded CopperWaterTube [Met-
sound, leak-tight joints. Choice of solder will depend upon the
ric]
type of application and on local codes. For potable water
B 813 Specification for Liquid and paste Fluxes for Solder-
systems, only lead-free solders shall be used, some of which
ing Applications of Copper and Copper Alloy Tube
are described in Specification B 32.
B 846 Terminology for Copper and Copper Alloys
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
2.2 Other Documents:
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
ASME B31.5 Refrigeration Piping
information purposes only.
ASME B31.9 Building Services Piping
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ASME B16.18 Cast Copper Alloy Solder Joint Pressure
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Fittings
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ASME B16.22 Wrought Copper and Copper Alloy Solder
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Joint Pressure Fittings
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For hazard state-
ASME B16.23 Cast Copper Alloy Solder Joint Drainage
ments, see the Warnings in 6.4.1, 6.6.1, and 6.6.3.
Fittings—DWV
2. Referenced Documents ASME B16.29 Wrought Copper and Copper Alloy Solder
Joint Drainage Fittings—DWV
2.1 ASTM Standards:
ANSI/ASC Z49.1 Safety in Welding and Cutting
B 32 Specification for Solder Metal
B 68 Specification for Seamless Copper Tube, Bright An-
3. Terminology
nealed
3.1 For terms related to copper and copper alloys, refer to
Terminology B 846 for terms specific to this standard.
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee B05 on Copper and
CopperAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B05.04 on Pipe and Discontinued—see 1996 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.01.
Tube. Discontinued—see 1993 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.01.
Current edition approved March 10, 2000. Published May 2000. Originally Available from The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, ASME
approved as B 828 – 92. Last previous edition B 828 – 98. International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016–5990.
2 7
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.04. Available from TheAmerican National Standards Institute, 25 W. 43rd St., 4th
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.01. Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
B 828
3.2 Definition: 6.1.2 Cut the tube to the measured lengths using tools that
3.2.1 soldering—a group of joining processes that produce provide a square cut, for example, a disk-type tube cutter (Fig.
coalescence of materials by heating them to the soldering 2), a hacksaw, an abrasive wheel, or with a stationary or
temperature and by using a filler metal (solder) having a portable band saw. Avoid deforming the tube during cutting.
liquidus not exceeding 840°F (450°C) and below the solidus of Regardless of method, the cut shall be made square with the
the base metals. run of the tube, so that the tube will seat properly in the fitting
3.2.1.1 Discussion—In actual practice, most soldering is cup.
done at temperatures from about 350 to 660°F (177 to 349°C). 6.2 Reaming:
6.2.1 Ream all cut tube ends to the full inside diameter of
4. Summary of Practice
the tube to remove the small burr created by the cutting
operation. If this rough edge is not removed by reaming,
4.1 To consistently make satisfactory joints, the following
erosion-corrosion may occur as a result of local turbulence and
sequence of joint preparation and operations shall be followed:
increased local flow velocity in the tube. A properly reamed
(1) measuring and cutting,
piece of tube provides a smooth surface for better flow.
(2) reaming,
6.2.2 Remove any burrs on the outside of the tube ends
(3) cleaning,
created by the cutting operation to ensure proper entrance of
(4) fluxing,
the tube into the fitting cup.
(5) assembly and support,
6.2.3 Tools used to ream tube ends include the reaming
(6) heating,
blade on the tube cutter, half-round or round files (Fig. 3), a
(7) applying the solder, and
pocket knife (Fig. 4), and a suitable deburring tool (Fig. 5).
(8) cooling and cleaning.
With soft (annealed) tube, care must be taken not to deform the
tube end by applying too much pressure.
5. Significance and Use
6.2.4 Softtempertube,ifdeformed,shallbebroughtbackto
5.1 The techniques described herein are used to produce
its proper roundness and dimensions with a sizing tool. This
leak-tightsolderedjointsbetweencopperandcopperalloytube
tool consists of a plug and sizing ring.
and fittings, either in shop operations or in the field. Skill and
6.3 Cleaning:
knowledge on the part of the operator or mechanic are required
6.3.1 Clean all oxides and surface soil from the tube ends
to obtain a satisfactorily soldered joint.
and fitting cups. The removal of all oxides and surface soil is
crucialtoproperflowofsoldermetalintothejoint.Unremoved
6. Procedure
oxide, surface soil, and oils can interfere with capillary action
6.1 Measuring and Cutting:
and lessen the strength of the joint and cause failure.
6.1.1 Accurately measure the length of each tube segment
6.3.2 Lightly abrade the tube ends using sand cloth (Fig. 6)
(Fig. 1). Inaccuracy can compromise joint quality. If the tube is
ornylonabrasivepads(Fig.7)foradistanceslightlymorethan
too short, it will not reach all the way into the cup of the fitting
the depth of the fitting cups.
and a proper joint cannot be made. If the tube segment is too
6.3.3 Clean the fitting cups by using abrasive cloth, abrasive
long, the possibility exists that system strain can be introduced
pads (Fig. 8), or a properly sized fitting brush (Fig. 9).
that could affect service life.
6.3.4 The capillary space between tube and fitting is ap-
proximately 0.004 in. (0.1 mm). Solder metal fills this gap by
capillary action. This spacing is critical for the solder metal to
flow into the gap and form a strong joint. Copper is a relatively
American Welding Society Welding Handbook, Welding Processes, 8th ed., Vol
2, American Welding Society, 500 N.W. LeJeune Rd., Miami, FL 33126.
FIG. 1 Measuring FIG. 2 Cutting
B 828
FIG. 6 Cleaning: Sand Cloth
FIG. 3 Reaming: File
FIG. 7 Cleaning: Abrasive Pad
FIG. 4 Reaming: Pocket Knife
FIG. 8 Cl
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