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ASTM D5884-04a(2010)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determining Tearing Strength of Internally Reinforced Geomembranes

Standard Test Method for Determining Tearing Strength of Internally Reinforced Geomembranes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Since tear resistance may be affected to a large degree by mechanical fibering of the membrane under stress, as well as by stress distribution, strain rate, and size of specimen, the results obtained in a tear resistance test can only be regarded as a measure of the resistance under the conditions of that particular test and not necessarily as having any direct relation to service value. This test method measures the force required to tear a reinforced geomembrane along a reasonably defined course such as that the tear propagates across the width of the specimen. The values may vary between types of reinforcement used within a geomembrane.
The tongue tear method is useful for estimating the relative tear resistance of different reinforcing textiles or different directions in the same reinforcing textiles.
Disputes—In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical difference between their laboratories.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a uniform procedure for determining the tear strength of flexible geomembranes internally reinforced with a textile, using the tongue tear method.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
28-Feb-2010
ICS
59.080.70 - Geotextiles
Technical Committee
D35 - Geosynthetics
Drafting Committee
D35.10 - Geomembranes
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5884-04a - Standard Test Method for Determining Tearing Strength of Internally Reinforced Geomembranes
Effective Date
01-Mar-2010
Replaced By
ASTM D5884/D5884M-04A(2015)e1 - Standard Test Method for Determining Tearing Strength of Internally Reinforced Geomembranes
Effective Date
01-May-2015
Referred By
ASTM D7465/D7465M-15(2023) - Standard Specification for Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer (EPDM) Sheet Used In Geomembrane Applications
Effective Date
01-Mar-2010

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ASTM D5884-04a(2010) - Standard Test Method for Determining Tearing Strength of Internally Reinforced GeomembranesASTM D5884-04a(2010) - Standard Test Method for Determining Tearing Strength of Internally Reinforced Geomembranes
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ASTM D5884-04a(2010) - Standard Test Method for Determining Tearing Strength of Internally Reinforced Geomembranes
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D5884 − 04a(Reapproved 2010)
Standard Test Method for
Determining Tearing Strength of Internally Reinforced
Geomembranes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5884; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.4 tearing strength, (F, (F), kN), n—the force required
either (1) to start or (2) to continue or propagate a tear in a
1.1 This test method covers a uniform procedure for deter-
fabric under specified conditions. D4439, D4533
mining the tear strength of flexible geomembranes internally
reinforced with a textile, using the tongue tear method.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
4.1 The tensile tear strength of a membrane in both machine
standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for
and cross-machine directions is determined by measuring the
information only.
maximum load when cut specimens of specific dimensions are
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the tested to failure, by tearing, at a fixed testing displacement rate.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5. Significance and Use
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.1 Since tear resistance may be affected to a large degree
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
by mechanical fibering of the membrane under stress, as well
as by stress distribution, strain rate, and size of specimen, the
2. Referenced Documents results obtained in a tear resistance test can only be regarded as
a measure of the resistance under the conditions of that
2.1 ASTM Standards:
particular test and not necessarily as having any direct relation
D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled
to service value. This test method measures the force required
Erosion Control Products(RECPs) for Testing
to tear a reinforced geomembrane along a reasonably defined
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
course such as that the tear propagates across the width of the
D4533 Test Method for Trapezoid Tearing Strength of Geo-
specimen. The values may vary between types of reinforce-
textiles
ment used within a geomembrane.
3. Terminology 5.2 The tongue tear method is useful for estimating the
relative tear resistance of different reinforcing textiles or
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
different directions in the same reinforcing textiles.
3.1.1 atmosphere for testing geosynthetics, n—air main-
tained at a relative humidity between 50 to 70 % and a 5.3 Disputes—In case of a dispute arising from differences
in reported test results when using this test method for
temperature of 21 6 2°C (70 6 4°F). D4439
acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and
3.1.2 geomembrane, n—anessentiallyimpermeablegeosyn-
the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if
thetic composed of one or more synthetic sheets. D4439
there is a statistical difference between their laboratories.
3.1.3 reinforced geomembrane—a geomembrane internally
reinforced with a textile.
6. Apparatus
6.1 The machine shall consist of three main parts:
6.1.1 Straining Mechanism—A machine wherein the speci-
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
men is held between the two clamps and strained by a uniform
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.10 on Geomem-
movement of the pulling clamp shall be used. Unless otherwise
branes.
specified in the material specification, the machine shall be
Current edition approved March 1, 2010. Published April 2010. Originally
adjusted so that the pulling clamp shall have a uniform speed
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D5884–04a. DOI:
10.1520/D5884-04AR10.
of 50 6 2 mm/min (2 6 0.1 in./min).
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
6.1.2 Clamps for Holding Specimen—The clamps for hold-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
ing a reinforced flexible geomembrane specimen shall have
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. metallic gripping surfaces sufficiently smooth, flat, and parallel
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5884 − 04a (2010)
as to prevent the test specimen from slipping or moving
between the gripping surfaces when held under the pressure
normal to operation. The dimension of all gripping surfaces
shall measure 25 by 50 mm (1 by 2 in.) or more with the long
dimension perpendicular to this direction of application of the
load. All edges that might cause a cutting action shall be
rounded to a radius of not over 0.4 mm ( ⁄64 in.). The design of
the clamp shall be such that one gripping surface shall be an
integral part of the rigid frame of the clamp while the other
shall be on a part hinged or swiveled to the movable member
of the clamp. The pressure between the gripping surfaces,
sufficient to clamp the specimen firmly before testing load is
applied and to prevent slippage during the progress of the test,
shall be secured by any suitably constructed mechanical device
operating on the movable member of the clamp. The distance
between the clamps at the start of the test shall be 75 mm
(3 in.).
6.1.3 Load and Elongation Recording Mechanism(s)—
Calibrated dial, scale, or chart to indicate applied load and
elongation. Unless otherwise specified for load determination,
the machine shall be adjusted or set so that the load required to
tearthespecimenwillre
...

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Standard Test Method for Determining Tearing Strength of Internally Reinforced Geomembranes

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5.1 Since tear resistance may be affected to a large degree by mechanical fibering of the membrane under stress, as well as by stress distribution, strain rate, and size of specimen, the results obtained in a tear resistance test can only be regarded as a measure of the resistance under the conditions of that particular test and not necessarily as having any direct relation to service value. This test method measures the force required to tear a reinforced geomembrane along a reasonably defined course such as that the tear propagates across the width of the specimen. The values may vary between types of reinforcement used within a geomembrane.  
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1.1 This test method covers a uniform procedure for determining the tear strength of flexible geomembranes internally reinforced with a textile, using the tongue tear method.  
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1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the out-of-plane response of a geomembrane to a force that is applied perpendicular to the initial plane of the sample.  
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4.2 This standard arose from the need for a destructive test method for evaluating seams of reinforced geomembranes. Standards written for destructive testing of nonreinforced geomembranes do not include all break codes (Fig. 1) applicable to reinforced geomembranes.
FIG. 1 Break Codes for Dual Hot Wedge and Hot Air Seams of Reinforced Geomembranes Tested for Seam Strength in Shear and Peel Modes  
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4.4 The shear test outlined in this method correlates to strength of parent material measured according to Test Method D7003/D7003M only if reinforcement is parallel to TD. For other materials, seam strength and parent material strength can be compared through Test Methods D7749 and D7004/D7004M. Values obtained with the strip methods shall not be compared to values obtained with grab methods.
SCOPE
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1.2 The types of thermal field and factory seaming techniques used to construct geomembrane seams include the following:  
1.2.1 Hot Air—This technique introduces high-temperature air between two geomembrane surfaces to facilitate melting. Pressure is applied to the top or bottom geomembrane, forcing together the two surfaces to form a continuous bond.  
1.2.2 Hot Wedge—This technique melts the two geomembrane surfaces to be seamed by running a hot metal wedge between them. Pressure is applied to the top and bottom geomembrane to form a continuous bond. Some seams of this kind are made with dual tracks separated by a non-bonded gap. These seams are sometimes referred to as dual hot wedge seams or double-track seams.  
1.2.3 Extrusion—This technique encompasses extruding molten resin between two geomembranes or at the edge of two overlapped geomembranes to effect a continuous bond.  
1.2.4 Radio Frequency (RF) or Dielectric—High-frequency dielectric equipment is used to generate heat and pressure to form an overlap seam in factory fabrication.  
1.2.5 Impulse—Clamping bars heated by wires or a ribbon melt the sheets clamped between them. A cooling period while still clamped allows the polymer to solidify before being released.  
1.3 The types of materials covered by this test method include, but are not limited to, reinforced geomembranes made from the following polymers:  
1.3.1 Very low-density polyethylene (VLDPE).  
1.3.2 Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE).  
1.3.3 Flexible polypropylene (fPP).  
1.3.4 Polyvinyl chloride (PVC).  
1.3.5 Chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSPE).  
1.3.6 Ethylene interpolymer alloy (EIA).  
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish ap...

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ASTM
ASTM D5101-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring the Filtration Compatibility of Soil-Geotextile Systems

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is recommended for the evaluation of the performance of water-saturated soil-geotextile systems under unidirectional flow conditions. The results obtained may be used as an indication of the compatibility of the soil-geotextile system with respect to both particle retention and flow capacity.  
5.2 This test method is intended to evaluate the performance of specific on-site soils and geotextiles at the design stage of a project, or to provide qualitative data that may help identify causes of failure (for example, clogging, particle loss). It is not appropriate for acceptance testing of geotextiles. It is also improper to utilize the results from this test for job specifications or manufacturers' certifications.  
5.3 This test method is intended for site-specific investigation therefore is not an index property of the geotextile, and thus is not intended to be requested of the manufacturer or supplier of the geotextile.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers performance tests applicable for determining the compatibility of geotextiles with various types of water-saturated soils under unidirectional flow conditions.  
1.2 Two evaluation methods may be used to investigate soil-geotextile filtration behavior, depending on the soil type:  
1.2.1 For soils with a plasticity index lower than 5, the systems compatibility shall be evaluated per this standard.  
1.2.2 For soils with a plasticity index of 5 or more, it is recommended to use Test Method D5567 (‘HCR,’ Hydraulic Conductivity Ratio) instead of this test method.  
1.2.3 If the plasticity index of the soil is close to 5, the involved parties shall agree on the selection of the appropriate method prior to conducting the test. This task may require comparison of the permeability of the soil-geotextile system to the detection limits of the HCR and Gradient Ratio Test (GRT) test apparatus being used.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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