ASTM D5884/D5884M-04A(2015)e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining Tearing Strength of Internally Reinforced Geomembranes
Standard Test Method for Determining Tearing Strength of Internally Reinforced Geomembranes
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Since tear resistance may be affected to a large degree by mechanical fibering of the membrane under stress, as well as by stress distribution, strain rate, and size of specimen, the results obtained in a tear resistance test can only be regarded as a measure of the resistance under the conditions of that particular test and not necessarily as having any direct relation to service value. This test method measures the force required to tear a reinforced geomembrane along a reasonably defined course such as that the tear propagates across the width of the specimen. The values may vary between types of reinforcement used within a geomembrane.
5.2 The tongue tear method is useful for estimating the relative tear resistance of different reinforcing textiles or different directions in the same reinforcing textiles.
5.3 Disputes—In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical difference between their laboratories.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a uniform procedure for determining the tear strength of flexible geomembranes internally reinforced with a textile, using the tongue tear method.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
´1
Designation: D5884/D5884M − 04a (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Test Method for
Determining Tearing Strength of Internally Reinforced
Geomembranes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5884/D5884M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Designation was changed to dual and units information was corrected editorially in June 2015.
1. Scope 3.1.3 reinforced geomembrane—a geomembrane internally
reinforced with a textile.
1.1 This test method covers a uniform procedure for deter-
3.1.4 tearing strength, (F, (F), kN), n—the force required
mining the tear strength of flexible geomembranes internally
either (1) to start or (2) to continue or propagate a tear in a
reinforced with a textile, using the tongue tear method.
fabric under specified conditions. D4439, D4533/D4533M
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
4. Summary of Test Method
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining 4.1 The tensile tear strength of a membrane in both machine
and cross-machine directions is determined by measuring the
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
with the standard. maximum load when cut specimens of specific dimensions are
tested to failure, by tearing, at a fixed testing displacement rate.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5. Significance and Use
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.1 Since tear resistance may be affected to a large degree
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
by mechanical fibering of the membrane under stress, as well
as by stress distribution, strain rate, and size of specimen, the
2. Referenced Documents
results obtained in a tear resistance test can only be regarded as
2.1 ASTM Standards:
a measure of the resistance under the conditions of that
D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled
particular test and not necessarily as having any direct relation
Erosion Control Products(RECPs) for Testing
to service value. This test method measures the force required
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
to tear a reinforced geomembrane along a reasonably defined
D4533/D4533M Test Method for Trapezoid Tearing
course such as that the tear propagates across the width of the
Strength of Geotextiles
specimen. The values may vary between types of reinforce-
ment used within a geomembrane.
3. Terminology
5.2 The tongue tear method is useful for estimating the
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
relative tear resistance of different reinforcing textiles or
3.1.1 atmosphere for testing geosynthetics, n—air main-
different directions in the same reinforcing textiles.
tained at a relative humidity between 50 to 70 % and a
temperature of 21 6 2°C [70 6 4°F]. D4439 5.3 Disputes—In case of a dispute arising from differences
in reported test results when using this test method for
3.1.2 geomembrane, n—anessentiallyimpermeablegeosyn-
acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and
thetic composed of one or more synthetic sheets. D4439
the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if
there is a statistical difference between their laboratories.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.10 on Geomem-
branes.
6. Apparatus
Current edition approved May 1, 2015. Published June 2015. Originally
6.1 The machine shall consist of three main parts:
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D5884–04a(2010).
DOI: 10.1520/D5884_D5884M-04AR15E01.
6.1.1 Straining Mechanism—A machine wherein the speci-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
men is held between the two clamps and strained by a uniform
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
movement of the pulling clamp shall be used. Unless otherwise
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. specified in the material specification, the machine shall be
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
´1
D5884/D5884M − 04a (2015)
adjusted so that the pulling clamp shall have a uniform speed
of 50 6 2 mm/min [2 6 0.1 in./min].
6.1.2 Clamps for Holding Specimen—The clamps for hold-
ing a reinforced flexible geomembrane specimen shall have
metallic gripping surfaces sufficiently smooth, flat, and parallel
as to prevent the test specimen from slipping or moving
between the gripping surfaces when held under the pressure
normal to operation. The dimension of all gripping surfaces
shall measure 25 by 50 mm [1 by 2 in.] or more with the long
dimension perpendicular to this direction of application of the
load. All edges that might cause a cutting action shall be
rounded to a radius of not over 0.4 mm [ ⁄64 in.]. The design of
the clamp shall be such that one gripping surface shall be an
integral part of the rigid frame of the clamp while the other
shall be on a part hinged or swiveled to the movable member
of the clamp. The pressure between the gripping surfaces,
sufficient to clamp the specimen firmly before testing load is
applied and to prevent slippage during the progress of the test,
shall be secured by any suitably constructed mechanical device
operating on the movable member of the clamp. The distance
between the clamps at the start of the test shall be 75 mm
[3 in.].
6.1.3 Load and Elongation Recording
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
´1
Designation: D5884/D5884M − 04a (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Test Method for
Determining Tearing Strength of Internally Reinforced
Geomembranes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5884/D5884M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Designation was changed to dual and units information was corrected editorially in June 2015.
1. Scope 3.1.3 reinforced geomembrane—a geomembrane internally
reinforced with a textile.
1.1 This test method covers a uniform procedure for deter-
mining the tear strength of flexible geomembranes internally 3.1.4 tearing strength, (F, (F), kN), n—the force required
either (1) to start or (2) to continue or propagate a tear in a
reinforced with a textile, using the tongue tear method.
fabric under specified conditions. D4439, D4533/D4533M
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
4. Summary of Test Method
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
4.1 The tensile tear strength of a membrane in both machine
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance and cross-machine directions is determined by measuring the
maximum load when cut specimens of specific dimensions are
with the standard.
tested to failure, by tearing, at a fixed testing displacement rate.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5. Significance and Use
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.1 Since tear resistance may be affected to a large degree
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
by mechanical fibering of the membrane under stress, as well
as by stress distribution, strain rate, and size of specimen, the
2. Referenced Documents
results obtained in a tear resistance test can only be regarded as
2.1 ASTM Standards:
a measure of the resistance under the conditions of that
D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled
particular test and not necessarily as having any direct relation
Erosion Control Products(RECPs) for Testing
to service value. This test method measures the force required
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
to tear a reinforced geomembrane along a reasonably defined
D4533/D4533M Test Method for Trapezoid Tearing
course such as that the tear propagates across the width of the
Strength of Geotextiles
specimen. The values may vary between types of reinforce-
ment used within a geomembrane.
3. Terminology
5.2 The tongue tear method is useful for estimating the
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
relative tear resistance of different reinforcing textiles or
3.1.1 atmosphere for testing geosynthetics, n—air main-
different directions in the same reinforcing textiles.
tained at a relative humidity between 50 to 70 % and a
temperature of 21 6 2°C [70 6 4°F]. D4439 5.3 Disputes—In case of a dispute arising from differences
in reported test results when using this test method for
3.1.2 geomembrane, n—an essentially impermeable geosyn-
acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and
thetic composed of one or more synthetic sheets. D4439
the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if
there is a statistical difference between their laboratories.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.10 on Geomem-
branes.
6. Apparatus
Current edition approved May 1, 2015. Published June 2015. Originally
6.1 The machine shall consist of three main parts:
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D5884–04a(2010).
DOI: 10.1520/D5884_D5884M-04AR15E01.
6.1.1 Straining Mechanism—A machine wherein the speci-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
men is held between the two clamps and strained by a uniform
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
movement of the pulling clamp shall be used. Unless otherwise
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. specified in the material specification, the machine shall be
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
´1
D5884/D5884M − 04a (2015)
adjusted so that the pulling clamp shall have a uniform speed
of 50 6 2 mm/min [2 6 0.1 in./min].
6.1.2 Clamps for Holding Specimen—The clamps for hold-
ing a reinforced flexible geomembrane specimen shall have
metallic gripping surfaces sufficiently smooth, flat, and parallel
as to prevent the test specimen from slipping or moving
between the gripping surfaces when held under the pressure
normal to operation. The dimension of all gripping surfaces
shall measure 25 by 50 mm [1 by 2 in.] or more with the long
dimension perpendicular to this direction of application of the
load. All edges that might cause a cutting action shall be
rounded to a radius of not over 0.4 mm [ ⁄64 in.]. The design of
the clamp shall be such that one gripping surface shall be an
integral part of the rigid frame of the clamp while the other
shall be on a part hinged or swiveled to the movable member
of the clamp. The pressure between the gripping surfaces,
sufficient to clamp the specimen firmly before testing load is
applied and to prevent slippage during the progress of the test,
shall be secured by any suitably constructed mechanical device
operating on the movable member of the clamp. The distance
between the clamps at the start of the test shall be 75 mm
[3 in.].
6.1.3 Load and Elongation Recording Mechanism(s)—
Calibrated dial, scale, or chart to indicate applied load and
elongation. Unless otherwi
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D5884 − 04a (Reapproved 2010) D5884/D5884M − 04a (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Test Method for
Determining Tearing Strength of Internally Reinforced
Geomembranes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5884;D5884/D5884M; the number immediately following the designation indicates
the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Designation was changed to dual and units information was corrected editorially in June 2015.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers a uniform procedure for determining the tear strength of flexible geomembranes internally
reinforced with a textile, using the tongue tear method.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The inch-pound units
given in parentheses are for information only.values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system
shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled Erosion Control Products(RECPs) for Testing
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
D4533D4533/D4533M Test Method for Trapezoid Tearing Strength of Geotextiles
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 atmosphere for testing geosynthetics, n—air maintained at a relative humidity between 50 to 70 % and a temperature of
21 6 2°C (70[70 6 4°F).4°F]. D4439
3.1.2 geomembrane, n—an essentially impermeable geosynthetic composed of one or more synthetic sheets. D4439
3.1.3 reinforced geomembrane—a geomembrane internally reinforced with a textile.
3.1.4 tearing strength, (F, (F), kN), n—the force required either (1) to start or (2) to continue or propagate a tear in a fabric under
specified conditions. D4439, D4533D4533/D4533M
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The tensile tear strength of a membrane in both machine and cross-machine directions is determined by measuring the
maximum load when cut specimens of specific dimensions are tested to failure, by tearing, at a fixed testing displacement rate.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Since tear resistance may be affected to a large degree by mechanical fibering of the membrane under stress, as well as by
stress distribution, strain rate, and size of specimen, the results obtained in a tear resistance test can only be regarded as a measure
of the resistance under the conditions of that particular test and not necessarily as having any direct relation to service value. This
test method measures the force required to tear a reinforced geomembrane along a reasonably defined course such as that the tear
propagates across the width of the specimen. The values may vary between types of reinforcement used within a geomembrane.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.10 on Geomembranes.
Current edition approved March 1, 2010May 1, 2015. Published April 2010June 2015. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20042010 as
D5884–04a.D5884–04a(2010). DOI: 10.1520/D5884-04AR10. 10.1520/D5884_D5884M-04AR15E01.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
´1
D5884/D5884M − 04a (2015)
5.2 The tongue tear method is useful for estimating the relative tear resistance of different reinforcing textiles or different
directions in the same reinforcing textiles.
5.3 Disputes—In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance
testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a
statistical difference between their laboratories.
6. Apparatus
6.1 The machine shall consist of three main parts:
6.1.1 Straining Mechanism—A machine wherein the specimen is held between the two clamps and strained by a uniform
movement of the pulling clamp shall be used. Unless otherwise specified in the material specification, the machine shall be adjusted
so that the pulling clamp shall have a uniform speed of 50 6 2 mm/min (2[2 6 0.1 in./min).in./min].
6.1.2 Clamps for Holding Specimen—The clamps for holding a reinforced flexible geomembrane specimen shall have metallic
gripping surfaces sufficiently smooth, flat, and parallel as to prevent the test specimen from slipping or moving between the
gripping surfaces when held under the pressure normal to operation. The dimension of all gripping surfaces shall measure 25 by
50 mm (1[1 by 2 in.)in.] or more with the long dimension perpendicular to this direction of application of the load. All edges that
might cause a cutting action shall be rounded to a radius of not over 0.4 mm ([ ⁄64 in.).in.]. The design of the clamp shall be such
that one gripping surface shall be an integral part of the rigid frame of the clamp while the other shall be on a part hinged or
swiveled to the movable member of the clamp. The pressure between the gripping surfaces, sufficient to clamp the specimen firmly
before testing load is applied and to prevent slippage during the progress of the test, shall be secured by any suitably constructed
mechanical device operating on the movable member of the clamp. The distance between the clam
...
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