ASTM C857-16

Standard Practice for Minimum Structural Design Loading for Underground Precast Concrete Utility Structures

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is intended to standardize the minimum structural design loading for underground precast concrete utility structures.  
5.2 The user shall verify the anticipated field conditions and requirements with design loads greater than those specified in this standard.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the minimum live loads and dead loads to be applied when designing monolithic or sectional precast concrete utility structures. Concrete pipe, box culverts, and material covered in Specification C478 are excluded from this practice.  
Note 1: For additional information see AASHTO Standard Specification for Highway Bridges, Seventeenth Edition.
Note 2: The purchaser is cautioned that he must properly correlate the anticipated loading conditions and the field requirements with the design loads used.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Aug-2016
• ICS: 91.100.30 - Concrete and concrete products
• Technical Committee: C27 - Precast Concrete Products
• Drafting Committee: C27.10 - Utility Structures

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C857-14 - Standard Practice for Minimum Structural Design Loading for Underground Precast Concrete Utility Structures
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2016
• Replaced By: ASTM C857-19 - Standard Practice for Minimum Structural Design Loading for Underground Precast Concrete Utility Structures
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2019
• Referred By: ASTM C858-19 - Standard Specification for Underground Precast Concrete Utility Structures
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2016
• Referred By: ASTM C1889-21 - Standard Practice for Minimum Structural Design Loading for Monolithic or Sectional Precast Concrete Utility, Water, and Wastewater Structures Using AASHTO LRFD Design
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2016
• Referred By: ASTM C1802-23 - Standard Specification for Design, Testing, Manufacture, Selection, and Installation of Horizontal Fabricated Metal Access Hatches for Utility, Water, and Wastewater Structures
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2016
• Referred By: ASTM C1037-16 - Standard Practice for Inspection of Underground Precast Concrete Utility Structures
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2016

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C857 − 16
Standard Practice for
Minimum Structural Design Loading for Underground
1
Precast Concrete Utility Structures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C857; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 dead loads—will consist of any other load that can
affect the design of the structure.
1.1 Thispracticedescribestheminimumliveloadsanddead
3.1.2 lateral earth loads—the lateral pressure due to the
loads to be applied when designing monolithic or sectional
precast concrete utility structures. Concrete pipe, box culverts, effective weight of adjacent earth backfill.
and material covered in Specification C478 are excluded from
3.1.3 lifting insert—device embedded or otherwise attached
this practice.
to the structure, designed and manufactured to support a
measured, sustained, concentrated load.
NOTE 1—For additional information seeAASHTO Standard Specifica-
tion for Highway Bridges, Seventeenth Edition.
3.1.4 live loads—will consist of any moving loads that can
NOTE2—Thepurchaseriscautionedthathemustproperlycorrelatethe
affect the design of the structure and their associated impact
anticipated loading conditions and the field requirements with the design
and surcharge loads.
loads used.
3.1.5 utility structure—a structure that is used by electric,
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
gas, communication, or similar industries.
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
4. Design Loads
and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the 4.1 Roof—The design loads for the roof of any structure at
or below ground level consists of the live loads including
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- impact and dead loads that can develop as a result of earth
pressure, hydrostatic pressure, and construction materials such
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. as used for roadways and walkways.
4.1.1 Live Loads—The vehicle and pedestrian load designa-
2. Referenced Documents
tionsaregiveninTable1.Liveloadwheelspacingisshownin
2
Fig. 1.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1.2 Impact:
C478SpecificationforCircularPrecastReinforcedConcrete
4.1.2.1 The live loads A-16, A-12, and A-8 shall be in-
Manhole Sections
creased as follows to sustain the effect of impact:
2.2 AASHTO Standard:
3
4.1.2.2 Live Load Increase:
Specification for Highway Bridges, Seventeenth Edition
0 to 12 in. (0 to 305 mm) below ground level, 30%
3. Terminology
13 to 24 in. (330 to 610 mm) below ground level, 20%
25 to 35 in. (635 to 889 mm) below ground level, 10%
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
36 in. (914 mm) or more below ground level, 0%
4.1.3 Dead Loads—Dead loads will consist of the weight of
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C27 on Precast
the roof, roadbed, walkways, earth fill, access opening covers,
Concrete Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C27.10 on
and any other material that produces a static load.
Utility Structures.
4.1.3.1 Recommended unit weights of materials for design
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2016. Published September 2016. Originally
approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as C857–14. DOI:
calculations are as follows:
10.1520/C0857-16.
3 3
Concrete, plain, and reinforced 150 lb/ft (2043 kg/m )
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3 3
Cast iron 450 lb/ft (7208 kg/m )
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
3 3
Steel 490 lb/ft (7850 kg/m )
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
3 3
Aluminum 175 lb/ft (2804 kg/m )
the ASTM website.
3 3
Earth fill (dry) 110 lb/ft (1762 kg/m )
3
Available from American Association of State Highway and Transportation
3 3
Macadam 140 lb/ft (2243 kg/m )
Officials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001,
http://www.transportation.org. 4.1.4 Distribution of Wheel Loads Through Earth Fills:
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C857 − 16
TABLE 1 Vehicle and Pedestrian Load Designations
pressure below ground water level will be converted to a
Designations Maximum Loads Uses horizontal pressure using Rankine’s Theory on activ
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C857 − 14 C857 − 16
Standard Practice for
Minimum Structural Design Loading for Underground
1
Precast Concrete Utility Structures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C857; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice describes the minimum live loads and dead loads to be applied when designing monolithic or sectional precast
concrete utility structures. Concrete pipe, box culverts, and material covered in Specification C478 are excluded from this practice.
NOTE 1—For additional information see AASHTO Standard Specification for Highway Bridges, Seventeenth Edition.
NOTE 2—The purchaser is cautioned that he must properly correlate the anticipated loading conditions and the field requirements with the design loads
used.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C478 Specification for Circular Precast Reinforced Concrete Manhole Sections
2.2 AASHTO Standard:
3
Specification for Highway Bridges, Seventeenth Edition
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 dead loads—will consist of any other load that can affect the design of the structure.
3.1.2 lateral earth loads—the lateral pressure due to the effective weight of adjacent earth backfill.
3.1.3 lifting insert—device embedded or otherwise attached to the structure, designed and manufactured to support a measured,
sustained, concentrated load.
3.1.4 live loads—will consist of any moving loads that can affect the design of the structure and their associated impact and
surcharge loads.
3.1.5 utility structure—a structure that is used by electric, gas, communication, or similar industries.
4. Design Loads
4.1 Roof—The design loads for the roof of any structure at or below ground level consists of the live loads including impact
and dead loads that can develop as a result of earth pressure, hydrostatic pressure, and construction materials such as used for
roadways and walkways.
4.1.1 Live Loads—The vehicle and pedestrian load designations are given in Table 1. Live load wheel spacing is shown in Fig.
1.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C27 on Precast Concrete Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C27.10 on Utility
Structures.
Current edition approved March 1, 2014Sept. 1, 2016. Published March 2014September 2016. Originally approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 20132014
as C857 – 13.C857 – 14. DOI: 10.1520/C0857-14.10.1520/C0857-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001,
http://www.transportation.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C857 − 16
TABLE 1 Vehicle and Pedestrian Load Designations
Designations Maximum Loads Uses
A
A-16 (HS20-44) 16 000 lbf (71 172 N)/wheel heavy traffic
A
A-12 (HS15-44) 12 000 lbf (53 376 N)/wheel medium traffic
A
A-8 (H10-44) 8 000 lbf (35 586 N)/wheel light traffic
2 B
A-0.3 300 lbf/ft (14.4 kPa) walkways
A
The designations in parentheses are the corresponding AASHTO designations.
B
Anticipated designs other than those listed should be designated by purchaser.
4.1.2 Impact:
4.1.2.1 The live loads A-16, A-12, and A-8 shall be increased as follows to sustain the effect of impact:
4.1.2.2 Live Load Increase:
0 to 12 in. (0 to 305 mm) below ground level, 30 %
13 to 24 in. (330 to 610 mm) below ground level, 20 %
25 to 35 in. (
...