ASTM F2973-14
(Specification)Standard Specification for Insulating Lifting Links for Load Lifting Equipment Working Near Energized Power Lines
Standard Specification for Insulating Lifting Links for Load Lifting Equipment Working Near Energized Power Lines
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers insulating lifting links used for protection of workers positioning a load from accidental contact of the load lifting equipment with live electrical conductors, apparatus, and circuits.
1.2 This specification includes design, material, and testing requirements for the manufacturer and in-service inspection, testing and care requirements for the user or the agent of the user.
1.3 Insulating links whose primary application does not pertain to power line electrical safety are not within the scope of this specification.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation:F2973 −14
StandardSpecification for
Insulating Lifting Links for Load Lifting Equipment Working
Near Energized Power Lines
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2973; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.3 ISO Standard:
ISO 7500–1Metallic materials - Verification of static uni-
1.1 Thisspecificationcoversinsulatingliftinglinksusedfor
axial testing machines - Part 1: Tensile testing machines -
protection of workers positioning a load from accidental
Corrigendum
contact of the load lifting equipment with live electrical
conductors, apparatus, and circuits.
3. Terminology
1.2 This specification includes design, material, and testing
3.1 Definitions—Terminologyusedinthisspecificationisin
requirements for the manufacturer and in-service inspection,
accordance with Terminology F819.
testing and care requirements for the user or the agent of the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
user.
3.2.1 design verification test, n—test made on a sample
1.3 Insulating links whose primary application does not
treated as representative of an industrial product.
pertain to power line electrical safety are not within the scope
3.2.2 electrical test, n—a test ensuring that a product meets
of this specification.
the minimum electrical requirements of the standard.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.2.3 flashover, n—adisruptivedischargeoverthesurfaceof
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
the insulating link.
standard.
3.2.4 mechanical test, n—a test confirming that a product
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
meets the minimum mechanical requirements of a standard.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.5 proof load, n—specific mechanical load applied in the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
performance of the proof load test.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2.6 proof test, n—mechanical and electrical tests per-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
formed by the manufacturer on all production units.
2. Referenced Documents 3.2.7 puncture, n—disruptive discharge through an insula-
tor.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.8 qualified personnel, n—personnel who, by possession
E4Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
of a recognized degree, certificate, professional standing, or
F819Terminology Relating to Electrical Protective Equip-
skill, and who, by knowledge, training, and experience, have
ment for Workers
demonstrated the ability to deal with problems relating to the
2.2 IEEE Standard:
subject matter, the work, or the project.
IEEE 4Standard Techniques for High-Voltage Testing
3.2.9 rated load, n—the maximum working load.
3.2.10 visual inspection, n—visual check made to detect
defects that impede the performance of a product(s).
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F18 on
Electrical Protective Equipment for Workers and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee F18.55 on Inspection and Non-Destructive Test Methods for Aerial 4. Materials and Manufacture
Devices.
4.1 The mechanical design factor shall not be less than 5.0
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2014. Published October 2014. DOI: 10.1520/
F2973-14 times its rated load for ratings up to 100 tons and 4.0 times
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
rated load for ratings 100 tons and up.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3 4
Available from Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE), Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
445 Hoes Ln., Piscataway, NJ 08854, http://www.ieee.org. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F2973−14
4.2 The electrical design factor of the link shall not be less 6.3 The electrical test set up shall provide the operator
than 2 times it rated use voltage. protection in the performance of his duties and isolate the
specimen to guard against accidental contact by persons in the
4.3 The insulation system shall not absorb water and shall
vicinity.
have a water repellent surface.
6.4 The ambient temperature for the test location shall not
4.4 Weather shields shall be made of impact resistant
be lower than 15.5 °C.
nonconductive material.
6.5 Electrical discharge characteristics and measured cur-
4.5 UV resistant polymers should be employed by the
rent of a test object can be affected by its general arrangement,
manufacturer if, without them, electrical performance may be
such as the clearance from other energized or grounded
affected.
structures,theheightabovegroundlevel,orthearrangementof
4.6 Steel used shall meet ASTM or AISI standards.
the high-voltage lead that may affect flashover voltages. For
thatreason,thegeneralarrangementshouldbeasshowninFig.
5. Workmanship and Finish
1 for testing links that are not installed on load lifting
5.1 The insulating surface of the links shall be free of
equipment.
cracks, nicks, gouges, damage to the insulating surface that
6.6 Clearance to nearby structures that are equal to or
would affect its insulating properties in both dry and wet
greater than two times the length of the shortest possible
conditions.
electrical discharge path on the test object should make any
5.2 Markings—Each link should bear permanent,
proximity effects negligible.
accessible, and readily visible markings that include, at a
minimum, the manufacturer’s mark, ASTM XXX, unit serial
7. Design Verification Tests
number, rated voltage, and rated load.
7.1 Design verification tests are to be performed on at least
5.3 Manuals—The manufacturer shall provide a manual
one representative unit from each class of insulating link, and
with each link. The manual shall contain:
thiswillqualifythatclassoflinkmodelsofvariableratedloads
5.3.1 Descriptions, specifications, and ratings of the link.
for a given rated voltage. A test unit is considered to be
5.3.2 Ambient temperature range for which the link is
representative of its group if it meets the following require-
designed.
ments:
5.3.3 Precautions concerning weather.
7.1.1 Thesamestructuralanddielectricmaterials,structural
5.3.4 Instructions regarding routine and frequency of in-
designs, manufacturing, and assembly methods apply to all
spections and maintenance.
links in the group,
7.1.2 The same structural stress and loading analysis can be
6. General Test Requirements
applied to all the links in the group,
6.1 Personnel responsible for the tests outlined in this
7.1.3 The test unit has the same or smaller electrical
document shall be qualified individuals as per 3.2.8, knowl-
creepage and arcing distances per kV of rating.
edgeable in the use of the test equipment used for tensile
loading and high-voltage testing.
7.2 Mechanical Design Verification Test Procedure:
6.2 The electrical test equipment shall meet the require- 7.2.1 The insulating link shall withstand a tensile load test
ments of IEEE 4-1995. The metering systems including mea- of 5.0 times its rated load for rating up to 100 tons and 4.0
surementcableusedtomeasureACcurrentshallhaveasystem times rated load for ratings 100 tons and up for 60 s without
error of5%or less. separation.Thetensileloadtestistobeperformedonatestbed
FIG. 1Suggested Test Set Up for Insulated Links
F2973−14
TABLE 2 Tensile Proof Load Based on Its Rated Load for
orhydraulicpullingmachinecalibratedtothelatestrevisionof
Manufactured Unit in Tons
either ASTM E4 or ISO 7500–1.
Rated Load Proof Test Load as % of Rated Load
7.3 Electrical Design Verification Test Procedure:
Below 54 tons 200
7.3.1 Three electrical tests to verify design voltage rating
67 tons 193
shall be peformed. 90 tons 183
112 tons 166
7.3.2 The insulating link will withstand an applied AC
135 tons 150
voltage while dry of twice the link-ratedAC voltage for 5 min
136 tons and above 133
withoutdielectricpunctureorflashoverandleakageofnomore
than 3 mA.
7.3.3 Thelinkshallbetestedtoverifythatitdoesnotabsorb
water with time. 8.2 Electrical Proof Test Procedure:
8.2.1 General test requirements are given in 6.2 – 6.6.
7.3.3.1 Install the link in a humidity chamber for 48 h at a
temparature between 65 and 100 °F with a minimum of 93 % 8.2.2 An electrical proof test will be performed by the
manufacturer on each insulating link before purchase. A copy
relative humidity.
7.3.3.2 Within a time frame of 5 min after removal from oftheprooftestreportwillbekeptonfilebythemanufacturer
humiditychamberintheverticalusepositionapplyDCvoltage and made available to the customer upon request.
in accordance with Table 1. Increase voltage at approximately 8.2.3 Electrically test the insulating link under dry
3 kV per second and hold for 3 min. conditions, applying two times the rated link voltage. Test
voltages for typical voltage ratings are listed in Table 1.
7.3.3.3 Measureandrecordtheleakagecurrent.Aleakagein
excessof2microampsperkBoftestvoltagesignifiesafailure. 8.2.4 Test current s
...
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