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ASTM D5844-98

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Rusting (Sequence IID) (Withdrawn 2003)

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Rusting (Sequence IID) (Withdrawn 2003)

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory engine test procedure, utilizing a 1977 350 in.  displacement (5.7 L) Oldsmobile V-8 engine. The procedure, using leaded gasoline, evaluates the rust inhibition characteristics of engine oils. The test method was designed to relate particularly to short-trip service under typical winter conditions in the upper midwestern United States. The procedure has been correlated with vehicles, using leaded gasoline, in that type of service and prior to 1978,  particularly with regard to rusting. It is one of the test methods required to evaluate oils intended to satisfy the API SH category.  
1.2 Information Letters are published occasionally by the ASTM Test Monitoring Center  (see Appendix X1) to update the test method. Copies of these letters can be obtained by writing the Center.  
1.3 The method may not be applicable for the evaluation of engine oils if unleaded gasoline is used.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Notes 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 15, 16, and 17.  
1.6 A Table of Contents follows:  Section Scope 1 Referenced Documents 2 Terminology 3 Summary of Test Method 4 Significance and Use 5 Apparatus-Overview 6 Reagents and Materials 7 Preparation of Apparatus 8 Laboratory Ambient Condition 8.1 Assembling the Test Engine 8.2 General Information 8.2.1 Cleaning Engine Parts 8.2.2 Cylinder Block-Preparation 8.2.3 Main Bearings-Installation 8.2.4 Pistons-Fitting and Numbering 8.2.5 Piston Ring End Gaps-Adjustment 8.2.6 Connecting Rod and Piston Assemblies-Installation 8.2.7 Connecting Rod Bearings-Installation 8.2.8 Camshaft-Installation 8.2.9 Harmonic Balancer and Oil Slinger-Installation 8.2.10 Engine Front Cover and Seal-Installation 8.2.11 Timing Mark Indicator-Modification 8.2.12 Oil Pump-Installation 8.2.13 Dipstick Tube-Installation 8.2.14 Oil Pan-Modification 8.2.15 Cylinder Head-Preparation 8.2.16 Rocker Arm Deflectors-Installation 8.2.17 Valve Lifters-Installation 8.2.18 Pushrods-Installation 8.2.19 Intake Manifolds-Installation 8.2.20 Rocker Covers, Spacers and Gaskets-Installation 8.2.21 Water Inlet Adapter-Installation 8.2.22 Breather Tube-Installation 8.2.23 Thermostat Housing-Installation 8.2.24 Fuel Pump and Eccentric-Installation 8.2.25 Oil Filter Housing-Installation 8.2.26 Oil Sample Line-Installation 8.2.27 Ignition System-Installation 8.2.28 Carburetor-Installation 8.2.29 Accessory Drive Units-Delete 8.2.30 Exhaust Manifolds-Installation 8.2.31 Engine Flywheel and Guards-Installation 8.2.32 Special Parts-Sources 8.2.33 Engine Coolant System-Pressure Checking 8.2.34 Installation of the Assembled Engine on a Test Stand 8.3 Engine Dynamometer-Installation 8.4 Measurement and Control of Operating Conditions 9 Temperature Measurements General Information 9.1.1 Thermocouple Locations 9.1.2 Air-to-Fuel Ratio 9.2 Carburetor Air Supply Humidity 9.3 Exhaust and Exhaust Back Pressure 9.4 Blowby 9.5 Crankcase Pressure 9.6 Oil Pressure at the Oil Pump Outlet 9.7 Oil Pressure at the Engine Oil Filter 9.8 Carburetor Inlet Air Pressure 9.9 Intake Manifold Vacuum 9.10 Rocker Cover Coolant Pressure 9.11 Breather Tube Coolant Pressure 9.12 Intake Manifold Crossover Coolant Outlet Pressure 9.13 Engine Speed and Load 9.14 Procedure-at Test Start 10 External Cooling System-Cleaning 10.1 Engine Coolant Jacket-Cleaning 10.2 Coolant Charging 10.3 Test Oil Charging 10.4.1 Engine Startup 10.5 Procedure-During the Test 11 Engine Shutdown 11.1 Oil Sampling 11.2 Checking Oil Samples for Glycol Content 11.3 Oil Leveling 11.4 Test Periods 11.5 Non-scheduled Shutdowns 11.6 Data Recorded...

General Information

Status
Withdrawn
Publication Date
09-Apr-1998
Withdrawal Date
17-Nov-2003
ICS
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.B0.01 - Passenger Car Engine Oils
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM D5844-98 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Rusting (Sequence IID) (Withdrawn 2003)ASTM D5844-98 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Rusting (Sequence IID) (Withdrawn 2003)
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ASTM D5844-98 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Rusting (Sequence IID) (Withdrawn 2003)
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact
ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 5844 – 98 An American National Standard
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of
1
Rusting (Sequence IID)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5844; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.6 A Table of Contents follows:
Section
1.1 This test method covers a laboratory engine test proce-
Scope 1
3
dure, utilizing a 1977 350 in. displacement (5.7 L) Oldsmobile
Referenced Documents 2
V-8 engine. The procedure, using leaded gasoline, evaluates Terminology 3
Summary of Test Method 4
the rust inhibition characteristics of engine oils. The test
Significance and Use 5
method was designed to relate particularly to short-trip service
Apparatus—Overview 6
under typical winter conditions in the upper midwestern United
Reagents and Materials 7
Preparation of Apparatus 8
States. The procedure has been correlated with vehicles, using
Laboratory Ambient Condition 8.1
2
leaded gasoline, in that type of service and prior to 1978,
Assembling the Test Engine 8.2
particularly with regard to rusting. It is one of the test methods
General Information 8.2.1
Cleaning Engine Parts 8.2.2
required to evaluate oils intended to satisfy the API SJ
Cylinder Block—Preparation 8.2.3
3
category.
Main Bearings—Installation 8.2.4
1.2 Information Letters are published occasionally by the Pistons—Fitting and Numbering 8.2.5
4
Piston Ring End Gaps—Adjustment 8.2.6
ASTM Test Monitoring Center (see Appendix X1) to update
Connecting Rod and Piston Assemblies—Installation 8.2.7
the test method. Copies of these letters can be obtained by
Connecting Rod Bearings—Installation 8.2.8
writing the Center. Camshaft—Installation 8.2.9
Harmonic Balancer and Oil Slinger—Installation 8.2.10
1.3 The method may not be applicable for the evaluation of
Engine Front Cover and Seal—Installation 8.2.11
engine oils if unleaded gasoline is used.
Timing Mark Indicator—Modification 8.2.12
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded Oil Pump—Installation 8.2.13
Dipstick Tube—Installation 8.2.14
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
Oil Pan—Modification 8.2.15
information only.
Cylinder Head—Preparation 8.2.16
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the Rocker Arm Deflectors—Installation 8.2.17
Valve Lifters—Installation 8.2.18
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Pushrods—Installation 8.2.19
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Intake Manifolds—Installation 8.2.20
Rocker Covers, Spacers and Gaskets—Installation 8.2.21
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Water Inlet Adapter—Installation 8.2.22
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Note 1, Note 2,
Breather Tube—Installation 8.2.23
Note 3, Note 6, Note 7, Note 8, Note 9, Note 10, Note 11, Note
Thermostat Housing—Installation 8.2.24
Fuel Pump and Eccentric—Installation 8.2.25
14, and Note 15.
Oil Filter Housing—Installation 8.2.26
Oil Sample Line—Installation 8.2.27
Ignition System—Installation 8.2.28
1 Carburetor—Installation 8.2.29
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-2 on
Accessory Drive Units—Delete 8.2.30
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
Exhaust Manifolds—Installation 8.2.31
D02.B0.01 on Passenger Car Engine Oils.
Engine Flywheel and Guards—Installation 8.2.32
Current edition approved April 10, 1998. Published November 1998.
Special Parts—Sources 8.2.33
. Originally published as D 5844 – 95. Last previous edition D 5844 – 97.
Engine Coolant System—Pressure Checking 8.2.34
2
Available from ASTM in Special Technical Publication (STP) 3151 (Part 1).
Installation of the Assembled Engine on a Test Stand 8.3
Also available from the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) as Technical Paper
Engine Dynamometer—Installation 8.4
No. 780931. The SAE address is 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096.
Measurement and Control of Operating Conditions 9
3
Information available from the American Petroleum Institute (API) in its
Temperature Measurements
publication API1509 Engine Oil Licensing and Certification System. The API
General Information 9.1.1
address is 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.
Thermocouple Locations 9.1.2
4
Until the next revision of this test method, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center
Air-to-Fuel Ratio 9.2
will update changes in the test method by means
...

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5.1 Lubricating greases are used in almost all bearings used in any machinery. Lubricating grease is composed of ~90 % additized oil and soap or other thickening agent. There are over a dozen metallic elements present in greases, either blended as additives for performance enhancements or as thickeners, or in used greases present as contaminants and wear metals. Determining their concentrations can be an important aspect of grease manufacture. The metal content can also indicate the amount of thickeners in the grease. Additionally, a reliable analysis technique can also assist in the process of trouble shooting problems with new and used grease in the field.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of a number of metals such as aluminum, antimony, barium, calcium, iron, lithium, magnesium, molybdenum, phosphorus, silicon, sodium, sulfur, and zinc in unused lubricating greases by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) technique.  
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1.2 Elements present at concentrations above the upper limit of the calibration curves can be determined with additional appropriate dilutions of dissolved samples and with no degradation of precision.  
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5.1 This test method is used to assess the ability of grease to prevent corrosion in rolling bearings operated in the presence of distilled water, sodium chloride solution, or synthetic sea water. It is used for development and specification purposes.
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5.1 The test method is designed to relate to high-speed, supercharged diesel engine operation and, in particular, to the deposit control characteristics and antiwear properties of diesel crankcase lubricating oils.  
5.2 The test method is useful for the evaluation of diesel engine oil quality and crankcase oil specification acceptance. This test method, along with others, defines the minimum performance level of the API categories CF and CF-2 (detailed information about passing limits for these categories is included in Specification D4485). It is also used in MIL-PRF-2104.  
5.3 The results are significant only when all details of the procedure are followed. The basic engine used in this test method has a precombustion chamber (as compared to direct injection) and is most useful in predicting performance of engines similarly equipped. This factor should be considered when extrapolating test results. It has been found useful in predicting results with high sulfur fuels (that is, greater than 0.5 % by mass) and with certain preemission controlled engines. It has also been found useful when correlated with deposit control in two-stroke cycle diesel engines.
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1.1 This test method covers a four-stroke cycle diesel engine test procedure for evaluating engine oils for certain high-temperature performance characteristics, particularly ring sticking, ring and cylinder wear, and accumulation of piston deposits. Such oils include both single viscosity SAE grade and multiviscosity SAE grade oils used in diesel engines. It is commonly known as the 1M-PC test (PC for Pre-Chamber) and is used in several API oil categories, notably the CF and CF-2 and the military category described in MIL-PRF-2104 (see Note 1).
Note 1: Companion test methods used to evaluate other engine oil performance characteristics for API oil categories CF and CF-2 are discussed in SAE J304. The companion tests used by the military can be found in MIL-PRF-2104.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
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TABLE OF CONTENTS  
Scope  
1  
Reference Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
Test Engine  
6.1  
Engine Accessories  
6.2 – 6.14  
Engine Oil System  
6.15  
Cooling System  
6.16  
Fuel System  
6.17  
Intake Air System  
6.18  
Exhaust System  
6.19  
Blowby Meter  
6.20  
Thermocouples  
6.21  
Parts  
6.22  
Instrumentation  
6.23  
Crankcase Paint  
6.24  
Reagents and Materials  
7  
Fuel  
7.1  
Test Oil  
7.2  
Engine Coolant  
7.3  
Cleaning Materials  
7.4  
Safety  
8  
Preparation of Apparatus  
9  
Supplementary Service Information  
9.1  
General Engine Inspection  
9.2  
Intake Air System  
9.3  
Cooling System  
9.4  
Engine Cooling System Cleaning  
9.5  
Instrumentation Calibration Requirements  
9.6  
Engine Crankcase Cleaning  
9.7  
Additional Oil Filter  
9.8  
Flushing Procedure Components  
9.9  
Flushing Procedures  
9.10  
Piston Cleaning Preparation  
9.11  
Cylinder Head  
9.12  
Fuel Nozzle  
9.13  
Measurement  
9.14  
Procedure  
10  
Engine Break-in  
10.1  
Pre-Test Preparations  
10.2  
Warm-up Procedure  
10.3  
Operating Conditions  
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5.1 This test method is used to evaluate oxidation stability of lubricating base oils with additives in the presence of chemistries similar to those found in gasoline engine service. Test results on some ASTM reference oils have been found to correlate with sequence IIID engine test results in hours for a 375 % viscosity increase.5 The test does not constitute a substitute for engine testing, which measures wear, oxidation stability, volatility, and deposit control characteristics of lubricants. Properly interpreted, the test may provide input on the oxidation stability of lubricants under simulated engine chemistry.  
5.2 This test method is intended to be used as a bench screening test and quality control tool for lubricating base oil manufacturing, especially for re-refined lubricating base oils. This test method is useful for quality control of oxidation stability of re-refined oils from batch to batch.  
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5.1 This is an accelerated engine oil test, performed in a standardized, calibrated, stationary single-cylinder diesel engine that gives a measure of (1) piston and ring groove deposit forming tendency, (2) piston, ring, and liner scuffing and (3) oil consumption. The test is used in the establishment of diesel engine oil specification requirements as cited in Specification D4485 for appropriate API Performance Category C oils (API 1509). The test method can also be used in diesel engine oil development.
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1.1 This test method covers stressing an engine oil under modern high-speed diesel operating conditions and measures the oil's deposit control, lubrication ability, and resistance to oil consumption. It is performed in a laboratory using a standardized high-speed, single-cylinder diesel engine.3  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, and tubing size, or where a sole source supplier is specified.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Being an engine test method, this test method does have definite hazards that require safe practices (see Appendix X2 on Safety).  
1.4 The following is the Table of Contents:    
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus and Installation  
6  
Intake Air System  
6.2.1  
Exhaust System  
6.2.2  
Fuel System  
6.2.3  
Oil Consumption System  
6.2.4  
Engine Oil System  
6.2.5  
Engine Coolant System  
6.2.6  
Engine Instrumentation  
6.2.7  
Reagents and Materials  
7  
Oil Samples  
8  
Preparation of Apparatus  
9  
General Engine Assembly Practices  
9.1  
Complete Engine Inspection  
9.2  
Copper Component  
9.3  
Engine Lubricant System Flush  
9.4  
Engine Piston Cooling Jet  
9.5  
Engine Measurements and Inspections  
9.6  
Cylinder Head  
9.7  
Valve Guide Bushings  
9.8  
Fuel Injector  
9.9  
Piston and Rings  
9.10  
Cylinder Liner  
9.11  
Compression Ratio  
9.12  
Engine Timing  
9.13  
Engine Coolant System Cleaning Procedure  
9.14  
Calibration and Standardization  
10  
Test Cell Instrumentation  
10.1  
Instrumentation Standards  
10.2  
Coolant Flow  
10.3  
Fuel Injectors  
10.4  
Air Flow  
10.5  
Intake Air Barrel  
10.6  
Fuel Filter  
10.7  
Oil Scale Flow Rates  
10.8  
Test Stand Calibration  
10.9  
Re-calibration Requirements  
10.9.1  
Extending Test Stand Calibration Period  
10.9.2  
Test Run Numbering  
10.10  
Humidity Calibration Requirements  
10.11  
Calibration of Piston Deposit Raters  
10.12  
Procedure  
11  
Engine Break-in Procedure  
11.1  
Cool-down Procedure  
11.2  
Warm-up Procedure  
11.3  
Shutdowns and Lost Time  
11.4  
Periodic Measurements  
11.5  
Engine Control Systems  
11.6  
Engine Coolant  
11.6.1  
Engine Fuel System  
11.6.2  
Engine Oil Temperature  
11.6.3  
Exhaust Pressure  
11.6.4  
Intake Air  
11.6.5  
Post-Test Procedures  
11.7  
Piston Ring Side Clearances  
11.7.1  
Piston Ratings  
11.7.2  
Ring Gap End Increase  
11.7.3  
Cylinder Liner Wear  
11.7.4  
Cylinder Liner Bore Polish  
11.7.5  
Photographs  
11.7.6  
Calculation and Interpretation of Results  
12  
Test Validity  
12.1  
Calculations  
12.4  
Quality Index  
12.4.1  
Oil Consumption  
12.4.2  
Report  
13  
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ASTM
ASTM D2266-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Wear Preventive Characteristics of Lubricating Grease (Four-Ball Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The four-ball wear-test method can be used to determine the relative wear-preventing properties of greases under the test conditions and if the test conditions are changed the relative ratings may be different. No correlation has been established between the four-ball wear test and field service. The test method cannot be used to differentiate between Extreme Pressure (EP) and Non-Extreme Pressure (Non-EP) Greases.4
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the wear preventive characteristics of greases in sliding steel-on-steel applications. It is not intended to predict wear characteristics with metal combinations other than steel-on-steel or to evaluate the extreme pressure characteristics of the grease.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard except where the test apparatus or consumable parts are only available in other units. In such cases, these will be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6891-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IVA Spark-Ignition Engine

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method was developed to evaluate automotive lubricant’s effect on controlling cam lobe wear for overhead valve-train equipped engines with sliding cam followers.
Note 1: This test method may be used for engine oil specifications, such as Specification D4485, API 1509, SAE J183, and ILSC GF 3.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method measures the ability of crankcase oil to control camshaft lobe wear for spark-ignition engines equipped with an overhead valve-train and sliding cam followers. This test method is designed to simulate extended engine idling vehicle operation. The Sequence IVA Test Method uses a Nissan KA24E engine. The primary result is camshaft lobe wear (measured at seven locations around each of the twelve lobes). Secondary results include cam lobe nose wear and measurement of iron wear metal concentration in the used engine oil. Other determinations such as fuel dilution of crankcase oil, non-ferrous wear metal concentrations, and total oil consumption, can be useful in the assessment of the validity of the test results.2  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as pipe fittings, tubing, NPT screw threads/diameters, or single source equipment specified.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A8 for specific safety precautions.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7549-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Heavy-Duty Engine Oils under High Output Conditions—Caterpillar C13 Test Procedure

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method assesses the performance of an engine oil with respect to control of piston deposits and maintenance of oil consumption under heavy-duty operating conditions selected to accelerate deposit formation in a turbocharged, intercooled four-stroke-cycle diesel engine equipped with a combustion system that minimizes federally controlled exhaust gas emissions.  
5.2 The results from this test method may be compared against specification requirements to ascertain acceptance.  
5.3 The design of the test engine used in this test method is representative of many, but not all, diesel engines. This factor, along with the accelerated operating conditions, needs to be considered when comparing test results against specification requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 The test method covers a heavy-duty engine test procedure under high output conditions to evaluate engine oil performance with regard to piston deposit formation, piston ring sticking and oil consumption control in a combustion environment designed to minimize exhaust emissions. This test method is commonly referred to as the Caterpillar C13 Heavy-Duty Engine Oil Test.3  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there are no SI equivalent such as screw threads, National Pipe Treads (NPT), and tubing sizes.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 for general safety precautions.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6681-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—Caterpillar 1P Test Procedure

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This is an accelerated engine oil test, performed in a standardized, calibrated, stationary single-cylinder diesel engine that gives a measure of (1) piston and ring groove deposit forming tendency, (2) piston, ring and liner scuffing and (3) oil consumption. The test is used in the establishment of diesel engine oil specification requirements as cited in Specification D4485 for appropriate API Performance Category C oils (API 1509). The test method can also be used in diesel engine oil development.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers and is required to evaluate the performance of engine oils intended to satisfy certain American Petroleum Institute (API) C service categories (included in Specification D4485). It is performed in a laboratory using a standardized high-speed, single-cylinder diesel engine.4 Piston and ring groove deposit-forming tendency and oil consumption is measured. The piston, the rings, and the liner are also examined for distress and the rings for mobility.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source supply equipment specification.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Being an engine test method, this standard does have definite hazards that require safe practices (see Appendix X2 on Safety).  
1.4 The following is the Table of Contents:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus and Installation  
6  
Intake Air System  
6.2.1  
Exhaust System  
6.2.2  
Fuel System  
6.2.3  
Oil Consumption System  
6.2.4  
Engine Oil System  
6.2.5  
Oil Heating System  
6.2.5.1  
Oil Sample Valve  
6.2.5.2  
Engine Coolant System  
6.2.6  
Engine Instrumentation  
6.2.7  
Reagents and Materials  
7  
Oil Samples  
8  
Preparation of Apparatus  
9  
General Engine Assembly Practices  
9.1  
Complete Engine Inspection  
9.2  
Copper Components  
9.3  
Engine Lubricant System Flush  
9.4  
Engine Piston Cooling Jets  
9.5  
Engine Measurements and Inspections  
9.6  
Cylinder Head  
9.7  
Valve Guide Bushings  
9.8  
Fuel Injector  
9.9  
Piston and Rings  
9.10  
Cylinder Liner  
9.11  
Compression Ratio  
9.12  
Engine Timing  
9.13  
Engine Coolant System Cleaning Procedure  
9.14  
Calibration and Standardization  
10  
Test Cell Instrumentation  
10.1  
Instrumentation Standards  
10.2  
Coolant Flow  
10.3  
Re-calibration Requirements  
10.4  
Fuel Injectors  
10.5  
Air Flow  
10.6  
Intake Air Barrel  
10.7  
Fuel Filter  
10.8  
Oil Scale Flow Rates  
10.9  
Calibration of Test Stands  
10.10  
Extending Test Stand Calibration Period  
10.11  
Test Run Numbering  
10.13  
Humidity Calibration Requirements  
10.14  
Calibration of Piston Deposit Raters  
10.15  
Procedure  
11  
Engine Break-in Procedure  
11.1  
Cool-down Procedure  
11.2  
Warm-up Procedure  
11.3  
Shutdowns and Lost Time  
11.4  
Periodic Measurements  
11.5  
Engine Control Systems  
11.6  
Engine Coolant  
11.6.1  
Engine Fuel System  
11.6.2  
Engine Oil Temperature  
11.6.3  
Exhaust Pressure  
11.6.4  
Intake Air  
11.6.5  
Post-Test Procedures  
11.7  
Piston Ring Side Clearances  
11.7.1  
Piston Ratings  
11.7.2  
Referee Ratings  
11.7.3  
Ring End Gap...

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