ASTM C371-89(1999)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Wire-Cloth Sieve Analysis of Nonplastic Ceramic Powders
Standard Test Method for Wire-Cloth Sieve Analysis of Nonplastic Ceramic Powders
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the particle size distribution of nonplastic ceramic powders such as alumina, silica, feldspar, pyrophyllite, nepheline syenite, talc, titanates, and zircon using wire-cloth sieves.
1.2 Materials containing a large amount of fines, containing agglomerates, or that are nonfree-flowing, are wet-sieved to remove excessive fines or to disperse agglomerates prior to performing the test. This technique is not applicable to materials that are, to any degree, water soluble.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C 371 – 89 (Reapproved 1999)
Standard Test Method for
Wire-Cloth Sieve Analysis of Nonplastic Ceramic Powders
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 371; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope should be taken, however, when interpretations are made from
one or two points (sieves) on the distribution curve.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the particle
size distribution of nonplastic ceramic powders such as alu-
4. Apparatus
mina, silica, feldspar, pyrophyllite, nepheline syenite, talc,
4.1 Balance, having a sensitivity of 0.05 g.
titanates, and zircon using wire-cloth sieves.
4.2 Sieves, clean, unblinded, 205 mm (8 in.) in diameter,
1.2 Materials containing a large amount of fines, containing
and conforming to Specification E 11. At all times they shall be
agglomerates, or that are nonfree-flowing, are wet-sieved to
certified by, or shall be calibrated with sieves certified by, the
remove excessive fines or to disperse agglomerates before
National Institute of Standards and Technology. For wet-
performing the test. This technique is not applicable to mate-
sieving, use full-height 50-mm (2-in.) sieves; these sieves and
rials that are, to any degree, water soluble.
pan may be used for dry-sieving also. Half-height 25-mm
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
(1-in.) sieves and pan shall be used for dry-sieving only. The
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
sieves to be used may range from 45 μm (No. 325) through 212
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
μm (No. 70).
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.3 Drying Pans, about 205 mm (8 in.) in diameter and 25
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
or 50 mm (1 or 2 in.) high.
2. Referenced Documents 4.4 Dryer—For drying, the use of an oven maintained
automatically at 100 to 110°C is recommended.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2 4.5 Mechanical Shaking Device —The shaking device shall
C 322 Practice for Sampling Ceramic Whiteware Clays
be such as to produce a lateral and vertical motion of the sieve,
E 11 Specification for Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Pur-
accompanied by a jarring action so as to keep the sample
poses
moving continuously over the surface of the sieve.
3. Significance and Use 4.6 In wet-sieving, the water should be slightly above room
temperature (for example, a hot-cold mixer tap) and should be
3.1 Sieve analyses are carried out to determine the particle
supplied by means of a fixed or hand-held spray.
size distribution of powders which, in turn, are used to qualify
those materials as to their usefulness in the process under
5. Sampling
consideration. Since particle size analyses have only relative
5.1 Unit for Sampling—Each carload shall be considered a
significance, the results should be considered only where they
unit for sampling.
correlate with process characteristics. The parameter that is
5.2 Gross Sample (See Practice C 322)—In collecting the
being measured in this test is the amount of material that will
gross sample from a carload shipped in bags, select a number
pass through a cloth having theoretically square openings. It
of bags equivalent to not less than 1 % of the total number of
must be remembered that all the holes are not square, nor
bags in the car. Bags taken for sampling shall be from locations
uniform in size, and the question of whether a given particle
evenly distributed, horizontally and vertically, throughout the
will go through is a statistical one. Since each particle size
car. The gross sample shall consist of equal increments of not
analysis method measures a unique physical parameter, the
less than 227 g (0.5 lbs) from each of the bags taken for
results from one method may not agree with those from
sampling. In collecting the gross sample from a carload
another. Particle size distributions play a role in such properties
shipped in bulk, take equal increments of not less than 227 g
as bulk density, dustiness, and handling characteristics. Care
each from points well distributed both horizontally and verti-
cally.
1 5.3 Test Sample—Obtain the test sample, of not less than
This method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-21 on Ceramic
Whitewares and Related Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee 110 g, by mixing the gross sample and then riffling or hand
C21.07 on Nonplastics.
Current edition approved Jan. 27, 1989. Published April 1989. Originally
e1 4
published as C 371 – 55 T. Last previous edition C 371 – 89 (1994) . The Tyler Ro-Tap mechanical shaking device, available from W.S. Tyler Co.,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.02. Inc., Gastonia, NC 28053-9065 and major scientific supply houses, or equivalent,
Annual Boo
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