ASTM C371-89(2003)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Wire-Cloth Sieve Analysis of Nonplastic Ceramic Powders
Standard Test Method for Wire-Cloth Sieve Analysis of Nonplastic Ceramic Powders
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Sieve analyses are carried out to determine the particle size distribution of powders which, in turn, are used to qualify those materials as to their usefulness in the process under consideration. Since particle size analyses have only relative significance, the results should be considered only where they correlate with process characteristics. The parameter that is being measured in this test is the amount of material that will pass through a cloth having theoretically square openings. It must be remembered that all the holes are not square, nor uniform in size, and the question of whether a given particle will go through is a statistical one. Since each particle size analysis method measures a unique physical parameter, the results from one method may not agree with those from another. Particle size distributions play a role in such properties as bulk density, dustiness, and handling characteristics. Care should be taken, however, when interpretations are made from one or two points (sieves) on the distribution curve.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the particle size distribution of nonplastic ceramic powders such as alumina, silica, feldspar, pyrophyllite, nepheline syenite, talc, titanates, and zircon using wire cloth sieves.
1.2 Materials containing a large amount of fines, containing agglomerates, or that are nonfree-flowing, are wet-sieved to remove excessive fines or to disperse agglomerates before performing the test. This technique is not applicable to materials that are, to any degree, water soluble.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:C371–89(Reapproved2003)
Standard Test Method for
Wire-Cloth Sieve Analysis of Nonplastic Ceramic Powders
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 371; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope results from one method may not agree with those from
another.Particlesizedistributionsplayaroleinsuchproperties
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the particle
as bulk density, dustiness, and handling characteristics. Care
size distribution of nonplastic ceramic powders such as alu-
should be taken, however, when interpretations are made from
mina, silica, feldspar, pyrophyllite, nepheline syenite, talc,
one or two points (sieves) on the distribution curve.
titanates, and zircon using wire cloth sieves.
1.2 Materials containing a large amount of fines, containing
4. Apparatus
agglomerates, or that are nonfree-flowing, are wet-sieved to
4.1 Balance, having a sensitivity of 0.05 g.
remove excessive fines or to disperse agglomerates before
4.2 Sieves, clean, unblinded, 205 mm (8 in.) in diameter,
performing the test. This technique is not applicable to mate-
andconformingtoSpecificationE 11.Atalltimestheyshallbe
rials that are, to any degree, water soluble.
certified by, or shall be calibrated with sieves certified by, the
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
National Institute of Standards and Technology. For wet-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
sieving, use full-height 50-mm (2-in.) sieves; these sieves and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
pan may be used for dry-sieving also. Half-height 25-mm
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
(1-in.) sieves and pan shall be used for dry-sieving only. The
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
sievestobeusedmayrangefrom45µm(No.325)through212
2. Referenced Documents µm (No. 70).
4.3 Drying Pans, about 205 mm (8 in.) in diameter and 25
2.1 ASTM Standards:
or 50 mm (1 or 2 in.) high.
C 322 Practice for Sampling Ceramic Whiteware Clays
4.4 Dryer—For drying, the use of an oven maintained
E 11 Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for Testing
automatically at 100 to 110°C is recommended.
Purposes
4.5 Mechanical Shaking Device —The shaking device shall
3. Significance and Use be such as to produce a lateral and vertical motion of the sieve,
accompanied by a jarring action so as to keep the sample
3.1 Sieve analyses are carried out to determine the particle
moving continuously over the surface of the sieve.
size distribution of powders which, in turn, are used to qualify
4.6 In wet-sieving, the water should be slightly above room
those materials as to their usefulness in the process under
temperature (for example, a hot-cold mixer tap) and should be
consideration. Since particle size analyses have only relative
supplied by means of a fixed or hand-held spray.
significance, the results should be considered only where they
correlate with process characteristics. The parameter that is
5. Sampling
being measured in this test is the amount of material that will
5.1 Unit for Sampling—Each carload shall be considered a
pass through a cloth having theoretically square openings. It
unit for sampling.
must be remembered that all the holes are not square, nor
5.2 Gross Sample (See Practice C 322)—In collecting the
uniform in size, and the question of whether a given particle
gross sample from a carload shipped in bags, select a number
will go through is a statistical one. Since each particle size
of bags equivalent to not less than 1 % of the total number of
analysis method measures a unique physical parameter, the
bagsinthecar.Bagstakenforsamplingshallbefromlocations
evenly distributed, horizontally and vertically, throughout the
car. The gross sample shall consist of equal increments of not
This method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C21 on Ceramic
less than 227 g (0.5 lbs) from each of the bags taken for
Whitewares and Related Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
sampling. In collecting the gross sample from a carload
C21.04 on Raw Materials.
Current edition approved Oct 1, 2003. Published October 2003. Originally
approved in 1955. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as C 371 – 89 (1999).
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM The Tyler Ro-Tap mechanical shaking device, available from W.S. Tyler Co.,
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Inc., Gastonia, NC 28053-9065 and major scientific supply houses, or equivalent,
the ASTM website. has been found satisfactory for this purpose.
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