ASTM D5284-09
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Sequential Batch Extraction of Waste with Acidic Extraction Fluid
Standard Test Method for Sequential Batch Extraction of Waste with Acidic Extraction Fluid
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is intended as a means for obtaining sequential extracts of a waste. The extracts may be used to estimate the release of certain constituents of the waste under the laboratory conditions described in this test method.
The pH of the extraction fluid used in this test method is to reflect the pH of acidic precipitation in the geographic region in which the waste being tested is to be disposed.
Note 1—Possible sources of information concerning the pH of precipitation in the geographic region of interest include state and federal environmental agencies, state universities, libraries, etc.
Note 2—For sequential batch extraction of waste using a nonacidic extraction fluid, see Test Method D 4793.
An intent of this test method is for the final pH of each of the extracts to reflect the interaction of the extractant with the buffering capacity of the waste.
This test method is not intended to provide extracts that are representative of the actual leachate produced from a waste in the field or to produce extracts to be used as the sole basis of engineering design.
This test method has not been demonstrated to simulate actual disposal site leaching conditions.
This test method produces extracts that are amenable to the determination of both major and minor (trace) constituents. When minor constituents are being determined, it is especially important that precautions be taken in sample storage and handling to avoid possible contamination of the samples.
This test method has been tested to determine its applicability to certain inorganic components in the waste. This test method has not been tested for applicability to organic substances, volatile matter (see Note 5), or biologically active samples.
The agitation technique, rate, liquid-to-solid ratio, and filtration conditions specified in the procedure may not be suitable for extracting all types of wastes (see Sections 7 and 8 and Appendix X1).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides a procedure for the sequential leaching of a waste containing at least 5 % dry solids in order to generate solutions to be used to determine the constituents leached under the specified testing conditions.
1.2 This test method calls for the shaking of a known weight of waste with acidic extraction fluid of a specified composition as well as the separation of the liquid phase for analysis. The pH of the extraction fluid is to reflect the pH of acidic precipitation in the geographic region in which the waste being tested is to be disposed. The procedure is conducted ten times in sequence on the same sample of waste, and it generates ten solutions.
1.3 This test method is intended to describe the procedure for performing sequential batch extractions only. It does not describe all types of sampling and analytical requirements that may be associated with its application.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D5284 − 09
Standard Test Method for
Sequential Batch Extraction of Waste with Acidic Extraction
1
Fluid
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5284; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
3
1. Scope and Construction Purposes (Withdrawn 2011)
D653Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
1.1 Thistestmethodprovidesaprocedureforthesequential
Fluids
leaching of a waste containing at least 5% dry solids in order
D1129Terminology Relating to Water
to generate solutions to be used to determine the constituents
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
leached under the specified testing conditions.
D2234/D2234MPractice for Collection of a Gross Sample
1.2 Thistestmethodcallsfortheshakingofaknownweight
of Coal
ofwastewithacidicextractionfluidofaspecifiedcomposition
D2777Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
as well as the separation of the liquid phase for analysis. The
Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
pH of the extraction fluid is to reflect the pH of acidic
D3370Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
precipitationinthegeographicregioninwhichthewastebeing
D4793Test Method for Sequential Batch Extraction of
tested is to be disposed. The procedure is conducted ten times
Waste with Water
in sequence on the same sample of waste, and it generates ten
solutions. 3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
1.3 This test method is intended to describe the procedure
method, see Terminology D1129.
for performing sequential batch extractions only. It does not
describe all types of sampling and analytical requirements that
3.2 Symbols—Variableslistedinthistestmethodaredefined
may be associated with its application.
in the individual sections in which they are discussed.Alist of
the defined variables is also provided in Section 11.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
4. Significance and Use
standard.
4.1 This test method is intended as a means for obtaining
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
sequential extracts of a waste. The extracts may be used to
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
estimate the release of certain constituents of the waste under
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
the laboratory conditions described in this test method.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 4.2 ThepHoftheextractionfluidusedinthistestmethodis
toreflectthepHofacidicprecipitationinthegeographicregion
2. Referenced Documents in which the waste being tested is to be disposed.
2
NOTE1—PossiblesourcesofinformationconcerningthepHofprecipi-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
tation in the geographic region of interest include state and federal
D75Practice for Sampling Aggregates
environmental agencies, state universities, libraries, etc.
D420GuidetoSiteCharacterizationforEngineeringDesign
NOTE 2—For sequential batch extraction of waste using a nonacidic
extraction fluid, see Test Method D4793.
4.3 An intent of this test method is for the final pH of each
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D34 on Waste
of the extracts to reflect the interaction of the extractant with
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.04 on Waste
the buffering capacity of the waste.
Leaching Techniques.
Current edition approved July 1, 2009. Published October 2009. Originally
4.4 This test method is not intended to provide extracts that
e1
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D5284 – 93 (2004) .
arerepresentativeoftheactualleachateproducedfromawaste
DOI: 10.1520/D5284-09.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D5284 − 09
in the field or to produce extracts to be used as the sole basis 5.19 Agitation Equipment, of any type that rotates the
of engineering design. extraction vessel in an end-over-end fashion at a rate of 0.5 6
0.03Hzsuchthattheaxisofrotationishorizontalanditpasses
4.5 This test method has not been demonstrated to simulate
t
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This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:D5284–93 (Reapproved 2004) Designation:D5284–09
Standard Test Method for
Sequential Batch Extraction of Waste with Acidic Extraction
1
Fluid
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5284; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—Reference to a research report was added in May 2004.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method provides a procedure for the sequential leaching of a waste containing at least 5% dry solids in order to
generate solutions to be used to determine the constituents leached under the specified testing conditions.
1.2 This test method calls for the shaking of a known weight of waste with acidic extraction fluid of a specified composition
as well as the separation of the liquid phase for analysis. The pH of the extraction fluid is to reflect the pH of acidic precipitation
in the geographic region in which the waste being tested is to be disposed. The procedure is conducted ten times in sequence on
the same sample of waste, and it generates ten solutions.
1.3 Thistestmethodisintendedtodescribetheprocedureforperformingsequentialbatchextractionsonly.Itdoesnotdescribe
all types of sampling and analytical requirements that may be associated with its application.
1.4The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
D420 Guide to Site Characterization for Engineering, Design and Construction Purposes
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D2234/D2234M Test MethodsPractice for Collection of a Gross Sample of Coal
D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of Applicable Test Methods of Committee D-19D19 on Water
D3370 Practices for Sampling Water Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
D4793 Test Method for Sequential Batch Extraction of Waste with Water
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test method, see Terminology D1129.
3.2Symbols:
3.2 Symbols—Variables listed in this test method are defined in the individual sections in which they are discussed. A list of
the defined variables is also provided in Section 11.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This test method is intended as a means for obtaining sequential extracts of a waste. The extracts may be used to estimate
the release of certain constituents of the waste under the laboratory conditions described in this test method.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.04 on Ancillary
Topics.
CurrenteditionapprovedFeb.1,2004.PublishedApril2004.Originallyapprovedin1992.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin1999asD5284–93(1999).onWasteLeaching
Techniques.
e1
Current edition approved July 1, 2009. Published October 2009. Originally approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D5284 – 93 (2001) .
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book ofASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5284–09
4.2 The pH of the extraction fluid used in this test method is to reflect the pH of acidic precipitation in the geographic region
in which the waste being tested is to be disposed.
NOTE 1—PossiblesourcesofinformationconcerningthepHofprecipitationinthegeographicregionofinterestincludestateandfederalenvironmental
agencies, state universities, libraries, etc.
NOTE 2—For sequential batch extraction of waste using a nonacidic extraction fluid, see Test Method D4793.
4.3 An intent of this test method is for the fina
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