ASTM D4226-16
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Impact Resistance of Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Building Products
Standard Test Methods for Impact Resistance of Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Building Products
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The impact strength values obtained on the flat sections of a building product profile are relevant only to the flat section that has been tested and these values do not necessarily indicate the impact resistance of the whole product, which is affected by the configuration of the profile (that is, corners, ribs, etc).
5.2 Constant weight and variable height, employed in these test methods, allow the velocity of impact to vary and, therefore, by Procedure B, can determine the energy of ductile-to-brittle transition, which cannot be determined if a variable weight is dropped from a constant height.
5.3 These test procedures have been found to be useful elements in rigid poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) building product characterization. Compound qualification, finished product quality control, environmental and weatherability research and development studies, and fabrication tolerance prediction constitute useful applications.
5.4 Choice of the specific impactor head configuration used is related to a variety of product attributes, such as specimen thickness and product toughness as well as abstract factors, such as the anticipated mode of failure in a specific application. The geometric uniqueness of the impactor head configurations prevents any comparison or correlation of testing results on samples tested with differing impactor head configurations. In general, the conical impactor, C.125, is useful to ensure failure of thicker specimens where the H.25 impactor caused no failure.
Note 2: Equivalent surface conditions are more likely to occur when specimens are prepared by compression molding or extrusion than by injection molding.
5.5 When comparing different samples tested with the same impactor head configuration, impact resistance shall be permitted to be normalized for average specimen thickness over a reasonably broad range (for example, 1 to 3 mm).3 However, this should only be done when the surface conditions listed in 6.1 are essentially equiva...
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the energy required to crack or break rigid poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) plastic sheeting and profile flat sections used in building products, as well as extruded or molded test samples, under specified conditions of impact from a freefalling standard weight striking an impactor with either of two configurations in contact with the specimen.
1.2 Two test procedures are included:
1.2.1 Procedure A, used to determine minimum impact energy required to cause failure (hole, crack, split, shatter, or tear).
1.2.2 Procedure B, used to determine minimum impact energy required to cause brittle failure.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding, those in tables in figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8.
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Designation: D4226 − 16 AnAmerican National Standard
Standard Test Methods for
Impact Resistance of Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
1
Building Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4226; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the 2.1 ASTM Standards:
energy required to crack or break rigid poly(vinyl chloride) D618Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
(PVC)plasticsheetingandprofileflatsectionsusedinbuilding D883Terminology Relating to Plastics
products, as well as extruded or molded test samples, under D3679Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
specified conditions of impact from a freefalling standard Siding
weightstrikinganimpactorwitheitheroftwoconfigurationsin D5947Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of Solid
contact with the specimen. Plastics Specimens
E178Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations
1.2 Two test procedures are included:
1.2.1 Procedure A, used to determine minimum impact
3. Terminology
energy required to cause failure (hole, crack, split, shatter, or
3.1 Definitions—Definitions are in accordance with Termi-
tear).
nology D883, unless otherwise indicated.
1.2.2 Procedure B, used to determine minimum impact
energy required to cause brittle failure.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 failure (of test specimen, as related to impact
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
resistance)—signified by the presence of a punched hole,
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
crack,split,shatter,ortearthatwascreatedinthetargetareaby
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
the impact of the falling weight (see Fig. 1).
and are not considered standard.
3.2.2 ductile failure (ductile break, as related to impact
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
resistance) —a tear or split having an angle greater than 0° at
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
the tip and extending through the entire thickness of the
whichprovideexplanatorymaterial.Thesenotesandfootnotes
specimen such that light is directly visible through the tear or
(excluding,thoseintablesinfigures)shallnotbeconsideredas
split (see Fig. 1).
requirements of this standard.
3.2.3 brittle failure (brittle break, as related to impact
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
resistance) —a punched hole, split, or shatter where a piece of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
the specimen separates from the main part of the specimen or
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
acrackthathasa0°angleatthetipasviewedbythenakedeye
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
(see Fig. 1).
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
3.2.4 mean failure height (Procedure A)—the height from
tionary statements are given in Section 8.
which the falling weight will cause 50% of the specimens to
fail.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on
Plastics and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.24 on Plastic
2
Building Products. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 1, 2016. Published May 2016. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D4226-11. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D4226-16. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright ©ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA19428-2959. United States
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D4226 − 16
FIG. 1 Types of Failures of the Specimen
3.2.5 mean failure energy (mean impact resistance), ( Pro- 3.2.10 outlier—anobservationthatappearstodeviatemark-
cedure A)—energy required to produce 50% failures; the edly from other members of the sample in which it occurs.
product of the weight and mean failure height.
4. Summary of Test Method
3.2.6 normalized mean failure energy (normalized mean
4.1 The building product profile is cut apart, if necessary, to
impact resistance) —themeanfailureenergyperunit(average)
obtain a flat specimen at least 0.75 in. (19 mm) wide.
specimen thickness (Procedure A).
4.2 Procedure A establishes the height from which a stan-
3.2.7 mean brittle failure height—thehei
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4226 − 11 D4226 − 16 An American National Standard
Standard Test Methods for
Impact Resistance of Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
1
Building Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4226; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the energy required to crack or break rigid poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) plastic
sheeting and profile flat sections used in building products, as well as extruded or molded test samples, under specified conditions
of impact from a freefalling standard weight striking an impactor with either of two configurations in contact with the specimen.
1.2 Two test procedures are included:
1.2.1 Procedure A, used to determine minimum impact energy required to cause failure (hole, crack, split, shatter, or tear).
1.2.2 Procedure B, used to determine minimum impact energy required to cause brittle failure.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
(excluding, those in tables in figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D3679 Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Siding
D5947 Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of Solid Plastics Specimens
E178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Definitions are in accordance with Terminology D883, unless otherwise indicated.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 failure (of test specimen, as related to impact resistance)—signified by the presence of a punched hole, crack, split, shatter,
or tear that was created in the target area by the impact of the falling weight (see Fig. 1).
3.2.2 ductile failure (ductile break, as related to impact resistance)—resistance) —a tear or split having an angle greater than
0° at the tip and extending through the entire thickness of the specimen such that light is directly visible through the tear or split
(see Fig. 1).
3.2.3 brittle failure (brittle break, as related to impact resistance)—resistance) —a punched hole, split, or shatter where a piece
of the specimen separates from the main part of the specimen or a crack that has a 0° angle at the tip as viewed by the naked eye
(see Fig. 1).
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.24 on Plastic Building Products.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2011May 1, 2016. Published September 2011May 2016. Originally approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 20102011 as
D4226 - 10.D4226 - 11. DOI: 10.1520/D4226-11.10.1520/D4226-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4226 − 16
FIG. 1 Types of Failures of the Specimen
3.2.4 mean failure height (Procedure A)—the height from which the falling weight will cause 50 % of the specimens to fail.
3.2.5 mean failure energy (mean impact resistance), ( Procedure A)—energy required to produce 50 % failures; the product of
the weight and mean failure height.
3.2.6 normalized mean failure energy (normalized mean impa
...
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