ASTM C977-10
(Specification)Standard Specification for Quicklime and Hydrated Lime for Soil Stabilization
Standard Specification for Quicklime and Hydrated Lime for Soil Stabilization
ABSTRACT
This specification pertains to quicklime and hydrated lime, either high calcium, dolomitic, or magnesium lime, for use in stabilization of soils. Quicklime and hydrated lime for soil stabilization shall conform to the required chemical composition for calcium, magnesium oxides, carbon dioxide, and free moisture. The physical properties of hydrated lime, quicklime, and residue of quicklime shall not exceed the specified limits. Chemical analysis of quicklime and hydrated lime shall be conducted. The particle size of hydrated lime shall be determined in accordance with the sieve analysis of hydrated lime in the referenced standard test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification pertains to quicklime and hydrated lime, either high calcium, dolomitic, or magnesian lime, for use in stabilization of soils (See Note 2).
Note 1—Quicklime and hydrated lime act upon clay soils and may render such soils suitable for highway construction and for other load-bearing applications. In most cases, lime causes finely divided clay particles to agglomerate into coarser particles which improves load-bearing properties and subsequently the lime-treated soil hardens by chemical reaction.
Note 2—No attempt is made to present requirements for by-product lime, commercial lime slurry, etc. Specification requirements for these materials could be better determined on a local basis.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:C977 −10
Standard Specification for
1
Quicklime and Hydrated Lime for Soil Stabilization
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C977; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope D6276 Test Method for Using pH to Estimate the Soil-Lime
Proportion Requirement for Soil Stabilization (Withdrawn
1.1 This specification pertains to quicklime and hydrated
3
2015)
lime,eitherhighcalcium,dolomitic,ormagnesianlime,foruse
in stabilization of soils (See Note 2).
3. Chemical Composition
NOTE 1—Quicklime and hydrated lime act upon clay soils and may
3.1 Unless otherwise specified, for definitions of terms used
render such soils suitable for highway construction and for other load-
in this specification, refer to Terminology C51.
bearing applications. In most cases, lime causes finely divided clay
particles to agglomerate into coarser particles which improves load-
3.2 Quicklime and hydrated lime for soil stabilization shall
bearing properties and subsequently the lime-treated soil hardens by
conform to the following chemical composition:
chemical reaction.
Calcium and Magnesium Oxides (on a non-volatile basis, 90.0
NOTE 2—No attempt is made to present requirements for by-product
minimum %)
lime, commercial lime slurry, etc. Specification requirements for these
Carbon Dioxide (taken at point of manufacture, maximum %) 5.0
materials could be better determined on a local basis.
Free Moisture (taken at point of manufacture, maximum %) 2.0
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
4. Physical Properties
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
4.1 Hydrated Lime, shall have not more than 3 % retained
and are not considered standard.
on a No. 30 (590-µm) sieve and not more than 25 % retained
on a No. 200 (75-µm) sieve.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.2 Quicklime:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.2.1 Particle Size of Quicklime—Quicklime shall all pass a
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.0-in. (24.4-mm) sieve.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.2.2 Quicklime for soil stabilization shall have a tempera-
ture rise of a minimum of 30°C in 20 min.
2. Referenced Documents
4.2.3 Residue of Quicklime—Quicklime for soil stabiliza-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
tion shall have not more than 10 % residue.
C25 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Limestone,
5. Field Applications
Quicklime, and Hydrated Lime
C50 Practice for Sampling, Sample Preparation, Packaging,
5.1 When quicklimes are used, ensure that thorough mixing
and Marking of Lime and Limestone Products
of the lime and soil is accomplished and all lime pebbles have
C51 Terminology Relating to Lime and Limestone (as used
been hydrated with additional water and distributed uniformly
by the Industry)
throughout the soil. There shall be no lime pebbles present
C110 Test Methods for Physical Testing of Quicklime,
before the compaction operation starts. Check by turning soil
Hydrated Lime, and Limestone
with a spade at representative intervals and inspect for visible
lime pebbles. Care should be exercised on initial dry applica-
tions to minimize environmental dusting.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C07 on Lime
5.2 For hydrated limes, additional water shall be added to
and Limestone and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C07.02 on
Specifications and Guidelines.
the lime-soil mixture to facilitate mixing and uniform distri-
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2010. Published December 2010. Originally
bution of the hydrated lime in the soil layer. There shall be no
approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C977–03(2009). DOI:
lime clumps present before the compaction operation starts.
10.1520/C0977-10.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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C977−10
Check by turning soil with a spade at represe
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C977–03 (Reapproved 2009) Designation: C977 – 10
Standard Specification for
1
Quicklime and Hydrated Lime for Soil Stabilization
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C977; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification pertains to quicklime and hydrated lime, either high calcium, dolomitic, or magnesian lime, for use in
stabilization of soils (See Note 2).
NOTE 1—Quicklime and hydrated lime act upon clay soils and may render such soils suitable for highway construction and for other load-bearing
applications. In most cases, lime causes finely divided clay particles to agglomerate into coarser particles which improves load-bearing properties and
subsequently the lime-treated soil hardens by chemical reaction.
NOTE 2—No attempt is made to present requirements for by-product lime, commercial lime slurry, etc. Specification requirements for these materials
could be better determined on a local basis.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C25 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Limestone, Quicklime, and Hydrated Lime
C50 Practice for Sampling, Sample Preparation, Packaging, and Marking of Lime and Limestone Products
C51 Terminology Relating to Lime and Limestone (as used by the Industry)
C110 Test Methods for Physical Testing of Quicklime, Hydrated Lime, and Limestone
D6276 Test Method for Using pH to Estimate the Soil-Lime Proportion Requirement for Soil Stabilization
3. Chemical Composition
3.1 Unless otherwise specified, for definitions of terms used in this specification, refer to Terminology C51.
3.2 Quicklime and hydrated lime for soil stabilization shall conform to the following chemical composition:
Calcium and Magnesium Oxides (on a non-volatile basis, 90.0
minimum %)
Carbon Dioxide (taken at point of manufacture, maximum %) 5.0
Free Moisture (taken at point of manufacture, maximum %) 2.0
4. Physical Properties
4.1 Hydrated Lime, shall have not more than 3 % retained on a No. 30 (590-µm) sieve and not more than 25 % retained on a
No. 200 (75-µm) sieve.
4.2 Quicklime:
4.2.1 Particle Size of Quicklime—Quicklime shall all pass a 1.0-in. (24.4-mm) sieve.
4.2.2Quicklimeforsoilstabilizationshallhaveatemperatureriseofaminimumof30°Cin20minasmeasuredbyTestMethods
C110.
4.2.2 Quicklime for soil stabilization shall have a temperature rise of a minimum of 30°C in 20 min.
4.2.3 Residue of Quicklime—Quicklime for soil stabilization shall have not more than 10% residue as measured by Test
Methods C110. —Quicklime for soil stabilization shall have not more than 10 % residue.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C07 on Lime and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C07.02 on Specifications and Guidelines.
Current edition approved Dec.Nov. 1, 2009.2010. Published MayDecember 2010. Originally approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 20032009 as
C977–03.C977–03(2009). DOI: 10.1520/C0977-03R09.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book ofASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C977 – 10
5. Field Applications
5.1 When quicklimes are used, ensure that thorough mixing of the lime and soil is accomplished and all lime pebbles have been
hydrated with additional water and distributed uniformly throughout the soil. There shall be no lime pebbles present before the
compaction operation starts. Check by turning soil with a spade at representati
...
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