ASTM C593-19

Standard Specification for Fly Ash and Other Pozzolans for Use With Lime for Soil Stabilization

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the qualification of fly ash and other pozzolans for use with lime in plastic, nonplastic mixtures and other mixtures that affect lime pozzolanic reaction required by soil stabilization. Evaluation of pozzolans containing available lime, such as Class C fly ash, is given consideration. Pozzolans covered include artificial pozzolans such as fly ash, and natural pozzolans, such as diatomite and pumicite, in either raw or calcined state. Various procedures are recommended to quantify various aspects of the lime enhanced pozzolanic reaction. The tests shall qualify sources of fly ash and other pozzolans to meet specified job or project criteria as related to soil stabilization. The following shall be peformed on the pozzolan: water-soluble fraction, fineness, and lime-pozzolan strength development. For the nonplastic mixtures, compressive strength development and freeze-thaw resistance tests shall be performed. The materials shall be subjected to vacuum saturation strength testing.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
6.1 This test method states various procedures that are recommended to quantify various aspects of the lime enhanced pozzolanic reaction. These tests are intended to qualify sources of fly ash and other pozzolans to meet specified job or project criteria as related to soil stabilization.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the qualification of fly ash and other pozzolans for use with lime in plastic, nonplastic mixtures and other mixtures that affect lime pozzolanic reaction required by soil stabilization. Evaluation of pozzolans containing available lime, such as Class C fly ash, is given consideration. Pozzolans covered include artificial pozzolans such as fly ash, and natural pozzolans, such as diatomite and pumicite, in either raw or calcined state.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2019
• ICS: 91.100.10 - Cement. Gypsum. Lime. Mortar
• Technical Committee: C07 - Lime and Limestone
• Drafting Committee: C07.02 - Specifications and Guidelines

Relations

• Refers: ASTM C39/C39M-17b - Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2017
• Refers: ASTM C311/C311M-16 - Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolans for Use in Portland-Cement Concrete
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2016
• Refers: ASTM C311/C311M-17 - Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolans for Use in Portland-Cement Concrete
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2017
• Refers: ASTM C50/C50M-13(2019) - Standard Practice for Sampling, Sample Preparation, Packaging, and Marking of Lime and Limestone Products
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2019
• Refers: ASTM C305-20 - Standard Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency
• Effective Date: 15-Jul-2020
• Refers: ASTM C51-18 - Standard Terminology Relating to Lime and Limestone (as used by the Industry)
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2018
• Refers: ASTM C39/C39M-16b - Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2016
• Refers: ASTM C39/C39M-16a - Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2016
• Refers: ASTM C110-14 - Standard Test Methods for Physical Testing of Quicklime, Hydrated Lime, and Limestone
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2014
• Refers: ASTM C110-14e1 - Standard Test Methods for Physical Testing of Quicklime, Hydrated Lime, and Limestone
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2014
• Refers: ASTM C110-15 - Standard Test Methods for Physical Testing of Quicklime, Hydrated Lime, and Limestone
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2015
• Refers: ASTM C110-15e1 - Standard Test Methods for Physical Testing of Quicklime, Hydrated Lime, and Limestone
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2015
• Refers: ASTM C110-16 - Standard Test Methods for Physical Testing of Quicklime, Hydrated Lime, and Limestone
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2016
• Referred By: ASTM D5759-12(2020) - Standard Guide for Characterization of Coal Fly Ash and Clean Coal Combustion Fly Ash for Potential Uses
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2019
• Referred By: ASTM D5050-08(2023) - Standard Guide for Commercial Use of Lime Kiln Dusts and Portland Cement Kiln Dusts
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2019
• Referred By: ASTM C821-22 - Standard Specification for Lime for Use with Pozzolans
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2019
• Referred By: ASTM E2277-14(2019) - Standard Guide for Design and Construction of Coal Ash Structural Fills
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2019
• Referred By: ASTM D7762-18e1 - Standard Practice for Design of Stabilization of Soil and Soil-Like Materials with Self-Cementing Fly Ash
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2019
• Referred By: ASTM E3355-23 - Standard Guide for Characterization of Coal Combustion Products (CCPs) in Storage Area(s) for Beneficial Use
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2019
• Referred By: ASTM E1266-20 - Standard Practice for Processing Mixtures of Lime, Fly Ash, and Heavy Metal Wastes in Structural Fills and Other Construction Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2019

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:C593 −19
Standard Specification for
Fly Ash and Other Pozzolans for Use With Lime for Soil
1
Stabilization
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C593; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* C51 Terminology Relating to Lime and Limestone (as used
by the Industry)
1.1 This specification covers the qualification of fly ash and
C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of
other pozzolans for use with lime in plastic, nonplastic mix-
Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube
tures and other mixtures that affect lime pozzolanic reaction
Specimens)
required by soil stabilization. Evaluation of pozzolans contain-
C110 Test Methods for Physical Testing of Quicklime,
ing available lime, such as Class C fly ash, is given consider-
Hydrated Lime, and Limestone
ation. Pozzolans covered include artificial pozzolans such as
C305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement
fly ash, and natural pozzolans, such as diatomite and pumicite,
Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency
in either raw or calcined state.
C311/C311M Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Ash or Natural Pozzolans for Use in Portland-Cement
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
Concrete
standard.
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
C778 Specification for Standard Sand
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
C821 Specification for Lime for Use with Pozzolans
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
D1557 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3
istics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
3
(2,700 kN-m/m ))
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3. Terminology
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.1 For definitions of terms specific to this specification, see
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Terminology C51.
2. Referenced Documents
4. Physical Properties
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1 Pozzolans for use with lime in plastic mixtures, when
C25 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Limestone,
tested in accordance with the procedures of Sections7–9,
Quicklime, and Hydrated Lime
shall conform to the requirements prescribed in Table 1.
C39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylin-
drical Concrete Specimens
4.2 Pozzolans for use with lime in nonplastic mixtures shall
C50/C50M Practice for Sampling, Sample Preparation,
conform to the requirements of Table 1, except the lime-
Packaging, and Marking of Lime and Limestone Products
pozzolan strength requirement, and in addition shall be tested
in accordance with the procedures of Section 10.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C07 on Lime
NOTE 1—If the minimum value of the vacuum saturation strength
and Limestone and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C07.02 on
specified in 4.2 of this specification is reduced, sufficient documentation
Specifications and Guidelines.
shall be provided to the user to enable the determination of a satisfactory
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2019. Published December 2019. Originally
minimum residual strength for the given material in its intended use. Such
approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as C593 – 06 (2011).
documentation should include at least the following: (1) determination of
DOI: 10.1520/C0593-19.
2 a minimum residual strength requirement that will enable the material to
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
perform its structural function in the pavement system; and (2) a rational
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
analysis,usingactualclimaticdata,thatwillshowtheseverityofexposure
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. of the material to cyclic freeze-thaw action.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C593 − 06 (Reapproved 2011) C593 − 19
Standard Specification for
Fly Ash and Other Pozzolans for Use With Lime for Soil
1
Stabilization
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C593; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers the qualification of fly ash and other pozzolans for use with lime in plastic, nonplastic mixtures
and other mixtures that affect lime pozzolanic reaction required by soil stabilization. Evaluation of pozzolans containing available
lime, such as Class C fly ash, is given consideration. Pozzolans covered include artificial pozzolans such as fly ash, and natural
pozzolans, such as diatomite and pumicite, in either raw or calcined state.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C25 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Limestone, Quicklime, and Hydrated Lime
C39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens
C50C50/C50M Practice for Sampling, Sample Preparation, Packaging, and Marking of Lime and Limestone Products
C51 Terminology Relating to Lime and Limestone (as used by the Industry)
C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube Specimens)
C110 Test Methods for Physical Testing of Quicklime, Hydrated Lime, and Limestone
C305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency
C311C311/C311M Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolans for Use in Portland-Cement Concrete
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials
C778 Specification for Standard Sand
C821 Specification for Lime for Use with Pozzolans
3
D1557 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft (2,700
3
kN-m/m ))
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of terms specific to this specification, see Terminology C51.
4. Physical Properties
4.1 Pozzolans for use with lime in plastic mixtures, when tested in accordance with the procedures of Sections 7 – 9, shall
conform to the requirements prescribed in Table 1.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C07 on Lime and Limestone and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C07.02 on Specifications
and Guidelines.
Current edition approved June 1, 2011Dec. 1, 2019. Published July 2011December 2019. Originally approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 20062011 as
C593 – 06.C593 – 06 (2011). DOI: 10.1520/C0593-06R11.10.1520/C0593-19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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C593 − 19
4.2 Pozzolans for use with lime in nonplastic mixtures shall conform to the requirements of Table 1, except the lime-pozzolan
strength requirement, and in addition shall be tested in accordance with the procedures of Section 10.
NOTE 1—If the minimum value of the vacuum saturation strength specified in 4.2 of this specification is reduced, sufficient documentation shall be
provided to the user to enable the determination of a satisfactory minimum residual strength for the given material i
...