ASTM D4008-19
(Guide)Standard Guide for Measuring Anti-Soil Deposition Properties of Laundry Detergents
Standard Guide for Measuring Anti-Soil Deposition Properties of Laundry Detergents
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The guide can be used to compare anti-redeposition performance of products; however, there is no confirmed basis for correlation of this controlled laboratory technique with consumers’ ranking of anti-redeposition performance.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides direction for measuring the ability of detergents to prevent the deposition of soils from detergent solutions onto fabrics. It is intended as a laboratory screening test to aid in the formulation of detergent products, for quality control, and as a basis between the purchaser and seller in standardizing specific products' performance.
1.2 The anti-soil deposition performance of detergent products will vary greatly depending on the type of soils and fabrics used in the test. Therefore, selection of the soils, fabrics, reference detergents, and test conditions shall be made by agreement between the interested parties on the basis of experience.
1.3 There is no single or combination of oily soils or particulate soils, or both, that will precisely predict overall the performance of a product or treatment with respect to anti-redeposition as perceived by a consumer. This guide is intended to assess or compare detergent performance with respect to the anti-redeposition performance for the specific soil chosen.
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material safety data sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4008 − 19
Standard Guide for
Measuring Anti-Soil Deposition Properties of Laundry
1
Detergents
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4008; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 This guide provides direction for measuring the ability
of detergents to prevent the deposition of soils from detergent
2. Referenced Documents
solutions onto fabrics. It is intended as a laboratory screening
2
test to aid in the formulation of detergent products, for quality 2.1 ASTM Standards:
control, and as a basis between the purchaser and seller in
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
standardizing specific products’ performance. E97 Method of Test for Directional Reflectance Factor,
45-Deg 0-Deg, of Opaque Specimens by Broad-Band
1.2 The anti-soil deposition performance of detergent prod-
3
Filter Reflectometry (Withdrawn 1991)
uctswillvarygreatlydependingonthetypeofsoilsandfabrics
E313 Practice for Calculating Yellowness and Whiteness
used in the test. Therefore, selection of the soils, fabrics,
Indices from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
reference detergents, and test conditions shall be made by
agreement between the interested parties on the basis of
3. Terminology
experience.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.3 There is no single or combination of oily soils or
3.1.1 reflectance retention—the change in reflectance be-
particulate soils, or both, that will precisely predict overall the
tween clean fabric and the same fabric after laundering.
performance of a product or treatment with respect to anti-
3.1.2 soil deposition—the soiling of clean fabrics by soil
redeposition as perceived by a consumer. This guide is in-
tended to assess or compare detergent performance with that has been added to the wash bath rather than by soil
removed from another fabric.
respect to the anti-redeposition performance for the specific
soil chosen.
3.1.3 soil redeposition—the soiling of clean, or relatively
clean, fabrics during the laundering process by soil that has
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to
been removed from another fabric.
be regarded separately as the standard. The values given in
parentheses are for information only.
4. Summary of Guide
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 4.1 Swatches of clean fabrics are washed, a minimum of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- three times, in solutions of the test detergent prepared to
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- contain known amounts of particulate and oily soils.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 4.1.1 Identical clean swatches are similarly exposed to
Material safety data sheets are available for reagents and prepared solutions of a suitable reference detergent containing
materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage. an identical soil load. The ability of the test detergent to
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor- prevent soil deposition is estimated by comparing the reflec-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- tance retention of the swatches washed in the test detergent to
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the the reflectance retention of those washed in the reference
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- detergent.
1 2
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D12 on Soaps and For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Other Detergents and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D12.15 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Physical Testing. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2019.PublishedJuly2019.Originallyapproved the ASTM website.
3
in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D4008 – 16. DOI: 10.1520/ The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
D4008-19. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4008 − 19
5. Significance and Use 20 g of vacuum c
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4008 − 16 D4008 − 19
Standard Guide for
Measuring Anti-Soil Deposition Properties of Laundry
1
Detergents
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4008; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide provides direction for measuring the ability of detergents to prevent the deposition of soils from detergent
solutions onto fabrics. It is intended as a laboratory screening test to aid in the formulation of detergent products, for quality
control, and as a basis between the purchaser and seller in standardizing specific products’ performance.
1.2 The anti-soil deposition performance of detergent products will vary greatly depending on the type of soils and fabrics used
in the test. Therefore, selection of the soils, fabrics, reference detergents, and test conditions shall be made by agreement between
the interested parties on the basis of experience.
1.3 There is no single or combination of oily soils or particulate soils, or both, that will precisely predict overall the performance
of a product or treatment with respect to anti-redeposition as perceived by a consumer. This guide is intended to assess or compare
detergent performance with respect to the anti-redeposition performance for the specific soil chosen.
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values given in
parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material safety data sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review
them for hazards prior to usage.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
E97 Method of Test for Directional Reflectance Factor, 45-Deg 0-Deg, of Opaque Specimens by Broad-Band Filter
3
Reflectometry (Withdrawn 1991)
E313 Practice for Calculating Yellowness and Whiteness Indices from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 reflectance retention—the change in reflectance between clean fabric and the same fabric after laundering.
3.1.2 soil deposition—the soiling of clean fabrics by soil that has been added to the wash bath rather than by soil removed from
another fabric.
3.1.3 soil redeposition—the soiling of clean, or relatively clean, fabrics during the laundering process by soil that has been
removed from another fabric.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D12 on Soaps and Other Detergents and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D12.15 on Physical Testing.
Current edition approved July 1, 2016June 1, 2019. Published August 2016July 2019. Originally approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 20092016 as
D4008 – 95D4008 – 16.(2009). DOI: 10.1520/D4008-16.10.1520/D4008-19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4008 − 19
4. Summary of Guide
4.1 Swatches of clean fabrics are washed, a minimum of three times, in solutions of the test detergent prepared to contain known
amounts of particulate and oily soils.
4.1.1 Identical clean swatches are similarly exposed to prepared solutions of a suitable reference detergent containing an
identical soil load. The ability of the test detergent to prevent soil deposition
...
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