ASTM D1405/D1405M-08
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation Fuels
Standard Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation Fuels
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is intended for use as a guide in cases where an experimental determination of heat of combustion is not available and cannot be made conveniently, and where an estimate is considered satisfactory. It is not intended as a substitute for experimental measurements of heat of combustion.
Note 3—The procedure for the experimental determination of the net heat of combustion is described in Test Methods D 240 and D 4809.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the estimation of the net heat of combustion at constant pressure in SI units (megajoules per kilogram) or inch-pound units [Btu per pound].
1.2 This test method is purely empirical and is applicable only to liquid hydrocarbon fuels derived by normal refining processes from conventional crude oil, which conform to the requirements of specifications for aviation gasolines, or aircraft turbine and jet engine fuels of limited boiling ranges and compositions as described in Note 1.
Note 1—The estimation of the net heat of combustion of a hydrocarbon fuel from aniline-gravity product is justifiable only when the fuel belongs to a well-defined class for which a relation between heat of combustion and aniline-gravity product has been derived from accurate experimental measurements on representative samples of that class. Even in this case, the possibility that the estimates may be in error by large amounts for individual fuels should be recognized. The classes of fuels used to establish the correlation presented in this test method are represented by the following specifications:
Fuel Specification Aviation gasoline fuels:Specification D 910 Grades 80, 82, 100/130, and 115/145Specification D 6227 DEF STAN 91–90 NATO Code F-18 Aviation turbine fuels:MIL-DTL-5624 JP-4,Avtag/FSII DEF STAN 91–88 NATO Code F-40 JP-5,Avcat/FSIIMIL-DTL-5624 DEF STAN 91–86 NATO Code F-44 Jet A, Jet A-1, AvturSpecification D 1655 DEF STAN 91–91 NATO Code F-35
1.3 This test method is not applicable to pure hydrocarbons. It is not intended as a substitute for experimental measurements of heat of combustion.
1.4 The heat of combustion may also be determined in SI units by Test Method D 4529. Test Method D 4529 requires calculation of a single equation for all aviation fuels with a precision equivalent to that of this test method.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D1405/D1405M − 08
StandardTest Method for
1
Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation Fuels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1405/D1405M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 1.4 The heat of combustion may also be determined in SI
units by Test Method D4529. Test Method D4529 requires
1.1 Thistestmethodcoverstheestimationofthenetheatof
calculation of a single equation for all aviation fuels with a
combustion at constant pressure in SI units (megajoules per
precision equivalent to that of this test method.
kilogram) or inch-pound units [Btu per pound].
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
1.2 This test method is purely empirical and is applicable
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
only to liquid hydrocarbon fuels derived by normal refining
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
processes from conventional crude oil, which conform to the
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
requirementsofspecificationsforaviationgasolines,oraircraft
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
turbine and jet engine fuels of limited boiling ranges and
with the standard.
compositions as described in Note 1.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
NOTE1—Theestimationofthenetheatofcombustionofahydrocarbon
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
fuel from aniline-gravity product is justifiable only when the fuel belongs
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
to a well-defined class for which a relation between heat of combustion
and aniline-gravity product has been derived from accurate experimental priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
measurements on representative samples of that class. Even in this case,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
the possibility that the estimates may be in error by large amounts for
individual fuels should be recognized. The classes of fuels used to
2. Referenced Documents
establish the correlation presented in this test method are represented by
2
the following specifications:
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Fuel Specification
D129Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Gen-
Aviation gasoline fuels: Specification D910
eral High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)
Grades 80, 82, 100/130, and 115/145 Specification D6227
D240Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hy-
DEF STAN 91–90
NATO Code F-18
drocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter
D287Test Method forAPI Gravity of Crude Petroleum and
Aviation turbine fuels: MIL-DTL-5624
Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)
JP-4,Avtag/FSII DEF STAN 91–88
NATO Code F-40
D611Test Methods for Aniline Point and Mixed Aniline
Point of Petroleum Products and Hydrocarbon Solvents
JP-5,Avcat/FSII MIL-DTL-5624
D910Specification for Aviation Gasolines
DEF STAN 91–86
NATO Code F-44
D941Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Spe-
cific Gravity) of Liquids by Lipkin Bicapillary Pycnom-
Jet A, Jet A-1, Avtur Specification D1655
3
eter
DEF STAN 91–91
NATO Code F-35
D1217Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Spe-
cific Gravity) of Liquids by Bingham Pycnometer
1.3 Thistestmethodisnotapplicabletopurehydrocarbons.
Itisnotintendedasasubstituteforexperimentalmeasurements D1250Guide for Use of the Petroleum MeasurementTables
D1266TestMethodforSulfurinPetroleumProducts(Lamp
of heat of combustion.
Method)
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
PetroleumProductsandLubricantsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommittee
2
D02.05 on Properties of Fuels, Petroleum Coke and Carbon Material. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2008. Published January 2009. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1956. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D1405–01(2006). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
This test method has been approved by the sponsoring committee and accepted the ASTM website.
3
by the Cooperating Societies in accordance with established procedures. DOI: Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
10.1520/D1405_D1405M-08. on www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:D1405–01 (Reapproved 2006) Designation: D 1405/D 1405M – 08
Standard Test Method for
1
Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation Fuels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1405/D 1405M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1This test method covers the estimation of the net heat of combustion at constant pressure in SI units (megajoules per
kilogram) or inch-pound units (Btu per pound). *
1.1 This test method covers the estimation of the net heat of combustion at constant pressure in SI units (megajoules per
kilogram) or inch-pound units [Btu per pound].
1.2 This test method is purely empirical and is applicable only to liquid hydrocarbon fuels derived by normal refining processes
from conventional crude oil, which conform to the requirements of specifications for aviation gasolines, or aircraft turbine and jet
engine fuels of limited boiling ranges and compositions as described in Note 1.
NOTE 1—The estimation of the net heat of combustion of a hydrocarbon fuel from aniline-gravity product is justifiable only when the fuel belongs to
a well-defined class for which a relation between heat of combustion and aniline-gravity product has been derived from accurate experimental
measurements on representative samples of that class. Even in this case, the possibility that the estimates may be in error by large amounts for individual
fuels should be recognized. The classes of fuels used to establish the correlation presented in this test method are represented by the following
specifications:
Fuel Specification
Aviation gasoline fuels: Specification D 910
Grades 80, 82, 100/130, and 115/145 Specification D 6227
DEF STAN 91–90
NATO Code F-18
Aviation turbine fuels: MIL-DTL-5624
JP-4,Avtag/FSII DEF STAN 91–88
NATO Code F-40
JP-5,Avcat/FSII MIL-DTL-5624
DEF STAN 91–86
NATO Code F-44
Jet A, Jet A-1, Avtur Specification D 1655
DEF STAN 91–91
NATO Code F-35
1.3 This test method is not applicable to pure hydrocarbons. It is not intended as a substitute for experimental measurements
of heat of combustion.
1.4 The heat of combustion may also be determined in SI units by Test Method D 4529. Test Method D 4529 requires
calculation of a single equation for all aviation fuels with a precision equivalent to that of this test method.
1.5The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard, unless otherwise stated (see 1.1).
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.05 on
Properties of Fuels, Petroleum Coke and Carbon Material.
Current edition approved JulyDec. 1, 2006.2008. Published July 2006.January 2009. Originally approved in 1956. Last previous edition approved in 20012006 as
D 1405–01(2006).
This test method has been approved by the sponsoring committee and accepted by the Cooperating Societies in accordance with established procedures.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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D 1405/D 1405M – 08
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (General Bomb Method)
D 240 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter
D 287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)
D611 Test Methods for Aniline Point and Mixed Aniline Point of Petroleum Pro
...
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