ASTM C1491-19
(Specification)Standard Specification for Concrete Roof Pavers (Withdrawn 2023)
Standard Specification for Concrete Roof Pavers (Withdrawn 2023)
ABSTRACT
This specification covers concrete roof pavers that are machine-made from hydraulic cement, water, and suitable mineral aggregates with or without the inclusion of other materials, for use as roof ballast and protection of roof membranes. Requirements for ballast weight per unit area shall be specified separately. The average resistance to flexural load for three paver units and resistance to flexural load of each individual unit shall exceed the prescribed requirements. In areas where repeated freezing and thawing under saturated conditions occur, freeze-thaw durability shall be demonstrated by test or by proven field performance that the concrete roof paver units have adequate durability for the intended use. Minor cracks incidental to the usual method of manufacture or minor chipping resulting from customary methods of handling in shipment and delivery are not grounds for rejection. Compressive strength, flexural load, absorption, density, ballast weight, and dimensional tolerance shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers concrete roof pavers that are machine-made from hydraulic cement, water, and suitable mineral aggregates with or without the inclusion of other materials, for use as roof ballast and protection of roof membranes.
Note 1: The design of roof ballast systems for resisting wind uplift is beyond the scope of this specification. Building codes and other standards should be consulted in designing for wind uplift resistance.
1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This specification covers concrete roof pavers that are machine-made from hydraulic cement, water, and suitable mineral aggregates with or without the inclusion of other materials, for use as roof ballast and protection of roof membranes.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units, this specification was withdrawn in December 2023 and replaced by Specification C1884 for Manufactured Concrete Ballast Units.1
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:C1491 −19
Standard Specification for
1
Concrete Roof Pavers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1491; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* crete Masonry Units and Related Units
C150/C150M Specification for Portland Cement
1.1 This specification covers concrete roof pavers that are
C331/C331M Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for
machine-made from hydraulic cement, water, and suitable
Concrete Masonry Units
mineral aggregates with or without the inclusion of other
C595/C595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
materials, for use as roof ballast and protection of roof
C618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined
membranes.
Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
NOTE 1—The design of roof ballast systems for resisting wind uplift is
C989/C989M Specification for Slag Cement for Use in
beyond the scope of this specification. Building codes and other standards
Concrete and Mortars
should be consulted in designing for wind uplift resistance.
C1157/C1157M Performance Specification for Hydraulic
1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
Cement
that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
C1232 Terminology for Masonry
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered
C1262/C1262M Test Method for Evaluating the Freeze-
as requirements of the standard.
Thaw Durability of Dry-Cast Segmental Retaining Wall
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded Units and Related Concrete Units
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
3. Terminology
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
3.1 Terminology defined in Terminology C1232 shall apply
and are not considered standard.
to this specification.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4. Material
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 Cementitious Materials—Materials shall conform to the
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
following applicable specifications:
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1.1 Portland Cement—Specification C150/C150M.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
4.1.2 Modified Portland Cement—Portland cement con-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
forming to Specification C150/C150M, modified as follows:
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
4.1.2.1 Limestone—Limestone, with a minimum 85 % cal-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
cium carbonate (CaCO ) content, shall be permitted to be
3
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
added to the cement, provided the requirements of Specifica-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
tion C150/C150M are modified as follows:
(1) Limitation on Insoluble Residue—1.5 %.
2. Referenced Documents
(2) Limitation on Air Content of Mortar—Volume percent,
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
22 % max.
C33/C33M Specification for Concrete Aggregates
(3) Limitation on Loss on Ignition—7 %.
C140/C140M Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Con-
4.1.3 Blended Cements—Cement conforming to either
Specification C595/C595M or Specification C1157/C1157M.
4.1.4 Pozzolans—Specification C618.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on
4.1.5 Blast Furnace Slag—Specification C989/C989M.
Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
C15.03 on Concrete Masonry Units and Related Units.
4.2 Aggregates—Aggregates shall conform to the following
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2019. Published January 2020. Originally
specifications, except that grading requirements shall not
approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as C1491 – 18. DOI:
10.1520/C1491-19.
necessarily apply:
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4.2.1 Normal Weight Aggregates—Specification C33/
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
C33M.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 4.2.2 Lightweight Aggregates—Specification C331/C331M.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1491 − 18 C1491 − 19
Standard Specification for
1
Concrete Roof Pavers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1491; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers concrete roof pavers that are machine-made from hydraulic cement, water, and suitable mineral
aggregates with or without the inclusion of other materials, for use as roof ballast and protection of roof membranes.
NOTE 1—The design of roof ballast systems for resisting wind uplift is beyond the scope of this specification. Building codes and other standards should
be consulted in designing for wind uplift resistance.
1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C33/C33M Specification for Concrete Aggregates
C140/C140M Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Concrete Masonry Units and Related Units
C150/C150M Specification for Portland Cement
C331/C331M Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Concrete Masonry Units
C595/C595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
C618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
C989/C989M Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and Mortars
C1157/C1157M Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cement
C1232 Terminology for Masonry
C1262/C1262M Test Method for Evaluating the Freeze-Thaw Durability of Dry-Cast Segmental Retaining Wall Units and
Related Concrete Units
3. Terminology
3.1 Terminology defined in Terminology C1232 shall apply to this specification.
4. Material
4.1 Cementitious Materials—Materials shall conform to the following applicable specifications:
4.1.1 Portland Cement—Specification C150/C150M.
4.1.2 Modified Portland Cement—Portland cement conforming to Specification C150/C150M, modified as follows:
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C15.03 on
Concrete Masonry Units and Related Units.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2018Dec. 15, 2019. Published December 2018January 2020. Originally approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 20142018
as C1491 – 14.C1491 – 18. DOI: 10.1520/C1491-18.10.1520/C1491-19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1491 − 19
4.1.2.1 Limestone—Limestone, with a minimum 85 % calcium carbonate (CaCO ) content, shall be permitted to be added to the
3
cement, provided the requirements of Specification C150/C150M are modified as follows:
(1) Limitation on Insoluble Residue—1.5 %.
(2) Limitation on Air Content of Mortar—Volume percent, 22 % max.
(3) Limitation on Loss on Ignition—7 %.
4.1.3 Blended Cements—Cement conforming to either Specification C595/C595M or Specification C1157/C1157M.
4.1.4 Pozzolans—Specification C618.
4.1.5 Blast Furnace Slag—Specification C989/C989M.
4.2 Aggregates—Aggrega
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