ASTM D1712-09(2020)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Resistance of Plastics to Sulfide Staining
Standard Practice for Resistance of Plastics to Sulfide Staining
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Plastic compositions containing salts of lead, cadmium, copper, antimony, and certain other metals (as stabilizers, pigments, driers, or fillers) may stain due to the formation of a metallic sulfide when in contact with external materials that contain sulfide. The external sulfide source may be liquid, solid, or gas. Examples of materials that may cause sulfide stains are rubber, industrial fumes, foods, kraft paper, etc. This practice provides a means of estimating the relative susceptibility of plastic composition to sulfide staining.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the determination of the resistance of plastics to staining in the presence of sulfides.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precaution statements, see Section 6.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 30-Jun-2020
- Technical Committee
- D20 - Plastics
- Drafting Committee
- D20.50 - Durability of Plastics
Relations
- Effective Date
- 01-Jul-2020
- Effective Date
- 01-Feb-2024
- Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2023
- Effective Date
- 01-Jan-2020
- Effective Date
- 01-Aug-2019
- Effective Date
- 15-Apr-2019
- Effective Date
- 01-Feb-2019
- Effective Date
- 01-Dec-2018
- Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2018
- Effective Date
- 15-Aug-2017
- Effective Date
- 15-Nov-2012
- Effective Date
- 15-May-2011
- Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2008
- Effective Date
- 01-Mar-2008
- Effective Date
- 01-May-2007
Overview
ASTM D1712-09(2020) - Standard Practice for Resistance of Plastics to Sulfide Staining sets forth procedures to evaluate how susceptible plastic materials are to sulfide-induced staining. Plastics containing metal salts-such as lead, cadmium, copper, or antimony-used as stabilizers, pigments, driers, or fillers may develop discoloration after contact with external sulfide sources. The external sulfide may be in the form of liquids, solids, or gases, and typical staining agents include rubber, industrial fumes, certain foods, and kraft paper.
Through standardized exposure testing, this ASTM practice enables manufacturers, researchers, and quality control professionals to determine and compare the resistance of various plastics to sulfide staining. The standard supports the consistent evaluation of plastic formulations used in environments prone to sulfide exposure and helps ensure product durability and appearance.
Key Topics
Sulfide Staining Mechanism
- Plastics with certain metallic additives are vulnerable to staining due to reaction with sulfide compounds
- Formation of metallic sulfides leads to surface discoloration or dark spots
Test Procedure
- Specimens are partially immersed in a saturated solution of hydrogen sulfide for a set period
- After exposure, specimens are examined for discoloration compared to controls
Sampling and Conditioning
- Sample selection follows material specification or customer agreement
- Test specimens are conditioned under standardized laboratory conditions for consistent results
Reporting Requirements
- Complete identification of tested materials, exposure duration, and observed staining effects are documented
- Comparative resistance among materials is established
Safety Precautions
- Hydrogen sulfide is highly toxic; proper ventilation and safety protocols are emphasized in the testing guidelines
Applications
Plastics Manufacturing
- Evaluates raw materials or finished plastics for resistance to sulfide discoloration in packaging, automotive components, and consumer goods
Quality Assurance
- Enables producers to verify consistent product appearance and performance, especially for plastics exposed to environmental or industrial sulfides
Material Development
- Assists researchers in selecting additives or formulations that reduce susceptibility to sulfide stains
Regulatory and Customer Compliance
- Provides a standardized basis for contracts or material specifications where sulfide stain resistance is required
Related Standards
ASTM D618 – Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
- Outlines procedures for pre-test conditioning to ensure test reliability
ASTM D883 – Terminology Relating to Plastics
- Provides definitions for terms used in plastics testing and evaluation
No Known ISO Equivalent
- ASTM D1712 is unique in scope; there is currently no ISO standard directly covering resistance of plastics to sulfide staining
Key terms: ASTM D1712, sulfide staining, plastics resistance, hydrogen sulfide, plastic additives, metal salts, standard plastics testing, discoloration, quality control, durability testing, environmental exposure, industrial standards, packaging materials.
By following ASTM D1712-09(2020), organizations can confidently assess and compare the sulfide stain resistance of plastic products, supporting higher quality and longer-lasting materials in applications vulnerable to sulfide exposure.
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Frequently Asked Questions
ASTM D1712-09(2020) is a standard published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Practice for Resistance of Plastics to Sulfide Staining". This standard covers: SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 4.1 Plastic compositions containing salts of lead, cadmium, copper, antimony, and certain other metals (as stabilizers, pigments, driers, or fillers) may stain due to the formation of a metallic sulfide when in contact with external materials that contain sulfide. The external sulfide source may be liquid, solid, or gas. Examples of materials that may cause sulfide stains are rubber, industrial fumes, foods, kraft paper, etc. This practice provides a means of estimating the relative susceptibility of plastic composition to sulfide staining. SCOPE 1.1 This practice covers the determination of the resistance of plastics to staining in the presence of sulfides. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precaution statements, see Section 6. Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 4.1 Plastic compositions containing salts of lead, cadmium, copper, antimony, and certain other metals (as stabilizers, pigments, driers, or fillers) may stain due to the formation of a metallic sulfide when in contact with external materials that contain sulfide. The external sulfide source may be liquid, solid, or gas. Examples of materials that may cause sulfide stains are rubber, industrial fumes, foods, kraft paper, etc. This practice provides a means of estimating the relative susceptibility of plastic composition to sulfide staining. SCOPE 1.1 This practice covers the determination of the resistance of plastics to staining in the presence of sulfides. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precaution statements, see Section 6. Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D1712-09(2020) is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 83.080.01 - Plastics in general. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ASTM D1712-09(2020) has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ASTM D1712-09(2014), ASTM D883-24, ASTM D883-23, ASTM D883-20, ASTM D883-19c, ASTM D883-19a, ASTM D883-19, ASTM D883-18a, ASTM D883-18, ASTM D883-17, ASTM D883-12e1, ASTM D883-11, ASTM D618-08, ASTM D883-08, ASTM D883-07. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
ASTM D1712-09(2020) is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D1712 −09 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Practice for
Resistance of Plastics to Sulfide Staining
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1712; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope solid, or gas. Examples of materials that may cause sulfide
stains are rubber, industrial fumes, foods, kraft paper, etc. This
1.1 This practice covers the determination of the resistance
practice provides a means of estimating the relative suscepti-
of plastics to staining in the presence of sulfides.
bility of plastic composition to sulfide staining.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard.
5. Reagent
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.1 Hydrogen Sulfide Solution—A freshly prepared satu-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
rated solution of hydrogen sulfide (Caution, see Section 6).
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Prepare the solution by rapidly bubbling hydrogen sulfide gas
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
(Note 2) through water. Five minutes of bubbling is sufficient
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
for 100 to 150 mL of water at room temperature (approxi-
For specific precaution statements, see Section 6.
mately 23°C).
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
NOTE 2—Hydrogen sulfide gas may be obtained commercially as
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
compressed gas in cylinders.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
6. Precautions
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
6.1 Hydrogen sulfide is a highly toxic gas and must be
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
handled only in a suitably ventilated area such as a hood.Avoid
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
breathing of vapors.
2. Referenced Documents
7. Sampling
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
7.1 Sampling shall be in accordance with the pertinent
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
material specification or as agreed to by customer and client.
3. Terminology
8. Test Specimens
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this
8.1 Test specimens shall be representative of the particular
practice, refer to Terminology D883.
plastic composition being tested. Size and shape of test
4. Significance and Use specimens are relatively unimportant. Specimens 100 6 25
mm (4 6 1 in.) in length by 13 6 6 mm (0.5 6 0.25 in.) in
4.1 Plastic compositions containing salts of lead, cadmium,
width by the thickness of the composition being tested, have
copper, antimony, and certain other metals (as stabilizers,
been found suitable for this test.
pigments, driers, or fillers) may stain due to the formation of a
metallic sulfide when in contact with external materials that
9. Conditioning
contain sulfide. The external sulfide source may be liquid,
9.1 Conditioning—Condition the test specimens at 23 6
1 2°C (73.4 6 3.6°F) and 50 6 10 % relative humidity for not
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.50 on Durability of Plastics. less than 40 h prior to test in accordance with Procedure A of
Current edition approved July 1, 2020. Published July 2020. Originally approved
Practice D618 for those tests where conditioning is required. In
in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D1712 – 09(2014). DOI:
cases of disagreement, the tolerances shall be 61°C (61.8°F)
10.1520/D1712-09R20.
and 65 % relative humidity.
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