ASTM E1610-17
(Guide)Standard Guide for Forensic Paint Analysis and Comparison
Standard Guide for Forensic Paint Analysis and Comparison
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
6.1 This guide is designed to assist the forensic paint examiner in selecting and organizing an analytical scheme for identifying and comparing paints and coatings. The size and condition of the sample(s) will influence the selected analytical scheme.
SCOPE
1.1 Forensic paint analyses and comparisons are typically distinguished by sample size that precludes the application of many standard industrial paint analysis procedures or protocols. The forensic paint examiner must address concerns such as the issues of a case or investigation, sample size, complexity and condition, environmental effects, and collection methods. These factors require that the forensic paint examiner choose test methods, sample preparation schemes, test sequence, and degree of sample alteration and consumption that are suitable to each specific case.
1.2 This guide is intended as an introduction to standard guides for forensic examination of paints and coatings. It is intended to assist individuals who conduct forensic paint analyses in their evaluation, selection, and application of tests that may be of value to their investigations. This guide describes methods to develop discriminatory information using an efficient and reasonable order of testing. The need for validated methods and quality assurance guidelines is also addressed. This document is not intended as a detailed methods description or rigid scheme for the analysis and comparison of paints, but as a guide to the strengths and limitations of each analytical method. The goal is to provide a consistent approach to forensic paint analysis.
1.3 This guide cannot replace knowledge, skill, or ability acquired through appropriate education, training, and experience and should be used in conjunction with sound professional judgment.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 Some of the methods discussed in this guide involve the use of dangerous chemicals, temperatures, and radiation sources. This guide does not purport to address the possible safety hazards or precautions associated with its application. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: E1610 − 17
Standard Guide for
1
Forensic Paint Analysis and Comparison
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1610; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety,
health, and environmental practices and determine the appli-
1.1 Forensic paint analyses and comparisons are typically
cability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
distinguished by sample size that precludes the application of
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
many standard industrial paint analysis procedures or proto-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
cols. The forensic paint examiner must address concerns such
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
astheissuesofacaseorinvestigation,samplesize,complexity
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
and condition, environmental effects, and collection methods.
These factors require that the forensic paint examiner choose mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
test methods, sample preparation schemes, test sequence, and
degree of sample alteration and consumption that are suitable
to each specific case. 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.2 This guide is intended as an introduction to standard
2.1 ASTM Standards:
guides for forensic examination of paints and coatings. It is
D16TerminologyforPaint,RelatedCoatings,Materials,and
intended to assist individuals who conduct forensic paint
Applications
analyses in their evaluation, selection, and application of tests
D1535Practice for Specifying Color by the Munsell System
that may be of value to their investigations. This guide
E308PracticeforComputingtheColorsofObjectsbyUsing
describesmethodstodevelopdiscriminatoryinformationusing
the CIE System
an efficient and reasonable order of testing. The need for
E1492Practice for Receiving, Documenting, Storing, and
validated methods and quality assurance guidelines is also
Retrieving Evidence in a Forensic Science Laboratory
addressed.Thisdocumentisnotintendedasadetailedmethods
E2808Guide for Microspectrophotometry and Color Mea-
description or rigid scheme for the analysis and comparison of
surement in Forensic Paint Analysis
paints, but as a guide to the strengths and limitations of each
E2809Guide for Using Scanning Electron Microscopy/X-
analyticalmethod.Thegoalistoprovideaconsistentapproach
Ray Spectrometry in Forensic Paint Examinations
to forensic paint analysis.
E2937Guide for Using Infrared Spectroscopy in Forensic
1.3 This guide cannot replace knowledge, skill, or ability Paint Examinations
acquired through appropriate education, training, and experi-
ence and should be used in conjunction with sound profes- 3. Terminology
sional judgment.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this guide
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
other than those listed in 3.2, see Terminology D16.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
standard.
3.2.1 additive (modifier)—any substance added in a small
1.5 Some of the methods discussed in this guide involve the
quantity to improve properties. Additives may include sub-
use of dangerous chemicals, temperatures, and radiation
stances such as driers, corrosion inhibitors, catalysts, ultravio-
sources. This guide does not purport to address the possible
let absorbers, plasticizers, etc.
safety hazards or precautions associated with its application.
3.2.2 binder—a non-volatile portion of a paint which serves
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety
to bind or cement the pigment particles together.
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E30 on Forensic
2
Sciences and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.01 on Criminalistics. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2017. Published September 2017. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as E1610–14. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/E1610-17. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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E1610 − 17
3.2.3 coating—a gen
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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1610 − 14 E1610 − 17
Standard Guide for
1
Forensic Paint Analysis and Comparison
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1610; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 Forensic paint analyses and comparisons are typically distinguished by sample size that precludes the application of many
standard industrial paint analysis procedures or protocols. The forensic paint examiner must address concerns such as the issues
of a case or investigation, sample size, complexity and condition, environmental effects, and collection methods. These factors
require that the forensic paint examiner choose test methods, sample preparation schemes, test sequence, and degree of sample
alteration and consumption that are suitable to each specific case.
1.2 This guide is intended as an introduction to standard guides for forensic examination of paints and coatings. It is intended
to assist individuals who conduct forensic paint analyses in their evaluation, selection, and application of tests that may be of value
to their investigations. This guide describes methods to develop discriminatory information using an efficient and reasonable order
of testing. The need for validated methods and quality assurance guidelines is also addressed. This document is not intended as
a detailed methods description or rigid scheme for the analysis and comparison of paints, but as a guide to the strengths and
limitations of each analytical method. The goal is to provide a consistent approach to forensic paint analysis.
1.3 This guide cannot replace knowledge, skill, or ability acquired through appropriate education, training, and experience and
should be used in conjunction with sound professional judgment.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 Some of the methods discussed in this guide involve the use of dangerous chemicals, temperatures, and radiation sources.
This guide does not purport to address the possible safety hazards or precautions associated with its application. This standard
does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this
standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory requirementslimitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D16 Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
D1535 Practice for Specifying Color by the Munsell System
E308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Using the CIE System
E1492 Practice for Receiving, Documenting, Storing, and Retrieving Evidence in a Forensic Science Laboratory
E2808 Guide for Microspectrophotometry and Color Measurement in Forensic Paint Analysis
E2809 Guide for Using Scanning Electron Microscopy/X-Ray Spectrometry in Forensic Paint Examinations
E2937 Guide for Using Infrared Spectroscopy in Forensic Paint Examinations
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this guide other than those listed in 3.2, see Terminology D16.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E30 on Forensic Sciences and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.01 on Criminalistics.
Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2014Sept. 1, 2017. Published February 2014September 2017. Originally approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 20082014
as E1610 – 02 (2008).E1610 – 14. DOI: 10.1520/E1610-14.10.1520/E1610-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United
...
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