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ASTM G95-07(2013)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Cathodic Disbondment Test of Pipeline Coatings (Attached Cell Method)

Standard Test Method for Cathodic Disbondment Test of Pipeline Coatings (Attached Cell Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Damage to pipe coating is almost unavoidable during transportation and construction. Breaks or holidays in pipe coatings may expose the pipe to possible corrosion since, after a pipe has been installed underground, the surrounding earth will be moisture-bearing and will constitute an effective electrolyte. Applied cathodic protection potentials may cause loosening of the coating, beginning at holiday edges. Spontaneous holidays may also be caused by such potentials. This test method provides accelerated conditions for cathodic disbondment to occur and provides a measure of resistance of coatings to this type of action.  
4.2 The effects of the test are to be evaluated by physical examinations and monitoring the current drawn by the test specimen. Usually there is no correlation between the two methods of evaluation, but both methods are significant. Physical examination consists of assessing the effective contact of the coating with the metal surface in terms of observed differences in the relative adhesive bond. It is usually found that the cathodically disbonded area propagates from an area where adhesion is zero to an area where adhesion reaches the original level. An intermediate zone of decreased adhesion may also be present.  
4.3 Assumptions associated with test results include:  
4.3.1 Maximum adhesion, or bond, is found in the coating that was not immersed in the test liquid, and  
4.3.2 Decreased adhesion in the immersed test area is the result of cathodic disbondment.  
4.4 Ability to resist disbondment is a desired quality on a comparative basis, but disbondment in this test method is not necessarily an adverse indication of coating performance. The virtue of this test method is that all dielectric-type coatings now in common use will disbond to some degree, thus providing a means of comparing one coating to another.  
4.5 The current density appearing in this test method is much greater than that usually required for cathodic protection in nat...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers accelerated procedures for simultaneously determining comparative characteristics of coating systems applied to steep pipe exterior for the purpose of preventing or mitigating corrosion that may occur in underground service where the pipe will be in contact with natural soils and will receive cathodic protection. They are intended for use with samples of coated pipe taken from commercial production and are applicable to such samples when the coating is characterized by function as an electrical barrier.  
1.2 This test method is intended to facilitate testing of coatings where the test cell is cemented to the surface of the coated pipe specimen. This is appropriate when it is impractical to submerge or immerse the test specimen as required by Test Methods G8, G42, or G80. Coating sample configuration such as flat plate and small diameter pipe may be used, provided that the test procedure remains unchanged.2  
1.3 This test method allows options that must be identified in the report.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-May-2013
ICS
23.040.99 - Other pipeline components
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.48 - Durability of Pipeline Coating and Linings
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM G95-07(2013) - Standard Test Method for Cathodic Disbondment Test of Pipeline Coatings (Attached Cell Method)ASTM G95-07(2013) - Standard Test Method for Cathodic Disbondment Test of Pipeline Coatings (Attached Cell Method)
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ASTM G95-07(2013) - Standard Test Method for Cathodic Disbondment Test of Pipeline Coatings (Attached Cell Method)
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: G95 − 07 (Reapproved 2013)
Standard Test Method for
Cathodic Disbondment Test of Pipeline Coatings (Attached
1
Cell Method)
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationG95;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method covers accelerated procedures for
G8Test Methods for Cathodic Disbonding of Pipeline Coat-
simultaneously determining comparative characteristics of
ings
coating systems applied to steep pipe exterior for the purpose
G12Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement of Film
of preventing or mitigating corrosion that may occur in
Thickness of Pipeline Coatings on Steel (Withdrawn
underground service where the pipe will be in contact with
4
2013)
natural soils and will receive cathodic protection. They are
G42Test Method for Cathodic Disbonding of Pipeline
intended for use with samples of coated pipe taken from
Coatings Subjected to Elevated Temperatures
commercial production and are applicable to such samples
G62Test Methods for Holiday Detection in Pipeline Coat-
when the coating is characterized by function as an electrical
ings
barrier.
G80Test Method for Specific Cathodic Disbonding of Pipe-
1.2 This test method is intended to facilitate testing of
4
line Coatings (Withdrawn 2013)
coatings where the test cell is cemented to the surface of the
coated pipe specimen. This is appropriate when it is impracti- 3. Summary of Test Method
cal to submerge or immerse the test specimen as required by
3.1 The test method described subjects the coating on the
Test Methods G8, G42,or G80. Coating sample configuration
testspecimentoelectricalstressinahighlyconductivealkaline
such as flat plate and small diameter pipe may be used,
electrolyte. Electrical stress is obtained from an impressed
2
provided that the test procedure remains unchanged.
direct-current system. An intentional holiday is to be made in
the coating prior to starting of test.
1.3 This test method allows options that must be identified
3.1.1 Electrical instrumentation is provided for measuring
in the report.
the current and the potential throughout the test cycle. At the
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
conclusion of the test period, the test specimen is physically
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
examined.
only.
3.1.2 Physical examination is conducted by comparing the
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
extent of loosened or disbonded coating at the intentional
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
holiday in the immersed area with extent of loosened or
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
disbondedcoatingatareferenceholidaymadeinthecoatingin
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
an area that was not immersed.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Damage to pipe coating is almost unavoidable during
transportation and construction. Breaks or holidays in pipe
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
3
Subcommittee D01.48 on Durability of Pipeline Coating and Linings. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved June 1, 2013. Published June 2013. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as G95– 07. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/G0095-07R13. the ASTM website.
2 4
For other cathodic disbondment testing procedures, consult Test Methods G8, The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
G42, and G80. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
G95 − 07 (2013)
coatings may expose the pipe to possible corrosion since, after 4.3.2 Decreased adhesion in the immersed test area is the
a pipe has been installed underground, the surrounding earth result of cathodic disbondment.
will be moisture-bearing and will constitute an effective
4.4 Ability to resist disbondment is a desired quality on a
electrolyte. Applied cathodic protection potentials may cause
comparative basis, but disbondment in this test method is not
loosening of the coating, beginning at holiday edges. Sponta-
necessarily an adverse indication of coati
...

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Standard Test Methods for Holiday Detection of Coatings used to Protect Pipelines

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Method A—Low voltage holiday detection is used to locate holidays and pinholes in thin-film coatings (up to 0.508 mm (20 mils) using a sponge wetted with tap water (and a wetting agent for coatings thicker than 10 mils). The water carries the current from the electrode through the holiday to the conductive substrate. The detector is grounded to the coated substrate. When the detector senses this flow of current it alarms.  
5.2 Method B—High voltage holiday detection is used to locate holidays and pinholes in thick-film coatings (greater than 20 mils), but can be used on coatings as low as 10 mils thick. A test voltage is selected and set. A charged Electrode is placed in contact with the coating, and the Detector is grounded to the coated substrate. When Electrical Breakdown occurs, electric current flows between the Detector’s electrode and the conductive substrate and emits an audible alarm.  
5.3 This standard does not apply to holiday detection of tape wraps used to protect pipe or coatings containing conductive raw materials such as conductive pigments and extenders.  
5.4 The thickness of a coating applied to ductile iron pipe, fittings, or other iron castings may vary substantially due to the inherent roughness of the substrate. For these applications, consult the coating manufacturer for their recommended test voltage setting when using Method B. The coating manufacturer’s recommended test voltage setting may be subject to approval by the owner.
Note 1: Use of voltage settings lower than those listed in this standard may increase the likelihood of non-detection.
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1.1 These test methods cover the apparatus and procedures for detecting pinholes and holidays in coatings used to protect pipelines.  
1.2 Method A is designed to detect pinholes and holidays in thin-film coatings from 0.025 mm to 0.254 mm (1 mils to 10 mils) in thickness using ordinary tap water and an applied voltage of less than 100 V d-c. It is effective on films up to 0.508 mm (20 mils) thickness if a wetting agent is used with the water.  
1.3 Method B is designed to detect pinholes and holidays in thick-film coatings >0.508 mm (20 mils) This method can be used on any thickness of pipeline coating and utilizes applied voltages between 3.4 and 35 kV d-c.  
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ASTM G95-07(2021)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Cathodic Disbondment Test of Pipeline Coatings (Attached Cell Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Damage to pipe coating is almost unavoidable during transportation and construction. Breaks or holidays in pipe coatings may expose the pipe to possible corrosion since, after a pipe has been installed underground, the surrounding earth will be moisture-bearing and will constitute an effective electrolyte. Applied cathodic protection potentials may cause loosening of the coating, beginning at holiday edges. Spontaneous holidays may also be caused by such potentials. This test method provides accelerated conditions for cathodic disbondment to occur and provides a measure of resistance of coatings to this type of action.  
4.2 The effects of the test are to be evaluated by physical examinations and monitoring the current drawn by the test specimen. Usually there is no correlation between the two methods of evaluation, but both methods are significant. Physical examination consists of assessing the effective contact of the coating with the metal surface in terms of observed differences in the relative adhesive bond. It is usually found that the cathodically disbonded area propagates from an area where adhesion is zero to an area where adhesion reaches the original level. An intermediate zone of decreased adhesion may also be present.  
4.3 Assumptions associated with test results include:  
4.3.1 Maximum adhesion, or bond, is found in the coating that was not immersed in the test liquid, and  
4.3.2 Decreased adhesion in the immersed test area is the result of cathodic disbondment.  
4.4 Ability to resist disbondment is a desired quality on a comparative basis, but disbondment in this test method is not necessarily an adverse indication of coating performance. The virtue of this test method is that all dielectric-type coatings now in common use will disbond to some degree, thus providing a means of comparing one coating to another.  
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1.1 This test method covers accelerated procedures for simultaneously determining comparative characteristics of coating systems applied to steep pipe exterior for the purpose of preventing or mitigating corrosion that may occur in underground service where the pipe will be in contact with natural soils and will receive cathodic protection. They are intended for use with samples of coated pipe taken from commercial production and are applicable to such samples when the coating is characterized by function as an electrical barrier.  
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1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Holidays in pipeline coatings may be repaired by circumferential wrapping with a suitable pipe wrap tape. However, this technique is not always practicable and patching may be required. The effectiveness of a patch material depends upon its adhesion to the original pipeline coating to effect sealing.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides an accelerated means of determining the relative sealing abilities of pipeline patching materials that are used to seal holidays in pipeline coatings on steel pipe. This test method is intended for utilization of specimens of pipeline coatings on small-diameter pipe, for representing coatings used for buried or submerged service, and where the purpose of the coating is to provide an electrical barrier between the steel pipe and its environment.  
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Standard Test Methods for Cathodic Disbonding of Pipeline Coatings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Breaks or holidays in pipe coatings may expose the pipe to possible corrosion, since after a pipe has been installed underground, the surrounding earth will be more or less moisture-bearing and it constitutes an effective electrolyte. Damage to pipe coating is almost unavoidable during transportation and construction. Normal soil potentials as well as applied cathodic protection potentials may cause loosening of the coating, beginning at holiday edges, in some cases increasing the apparent size of the holiday. Holidays may also be caused by such potentials. While apparently loosened coating and cathodic holidays may not result in corrosion, this test provides accelerated conditions for loosening to occur and therefore gives a measure of resistance of coatings to this type of action.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Method A—Low voltage holiday detection is used to locate holidays and pinholes in thin-film coatings (up to 0.508 mm (20 mils) using a sponge wetted with tap water (and a wetting agent for coatings thicker than 10 mils). The water carries the current from the electrode through the holiday to the conductive substrate. The detector is grounded to the coated substrate. When the detector senses this flow of current it alarms.  
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SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the apparatus and procedures for detecting pinholes and holidays in coatings used to protect pipelines.  
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5.1 When permitted by a specification or the order, this test method may be used for detecting leaks in tubing in lieu of the air underwater pressure test.
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1.1 This specification covers a coextruded polyethylene composite pressure pipe with a welded aluminum tube reinforcement between the inner and outer layers. The inner and outer polyethylene layers are bonded to the aluminum tube by a melt adhesive. Included is a system of nomenclature for the polyethylene-aluminum-polyethylene (PE-AL-PE) pipes, the requirements and test methods for materials, the dimensions and strengths of the component tubes and finished pipe, adhesion tests, and the burst and sustained pressure performance. Also given are the requirements and methods of marking. The pipe covered by this specification is intended for use in potable water distribution systems for residential and commercial applications, water service, underground irrigation systems, and radient panel heating systems, baseboard, snow- and ice-melt systems, and gases that are compatible with composite pipe and fittings.  
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1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Elemental sulfur impacts the quality of pipeline natural gas and deposits on pipeline flanges, fittings and valves, thereby impacting their performance. Natural gas suppliers and distributers require a standardized test method for measuring elemental sulfur. Some government regulators are also interested in measuring elemental sulfur since it would provide a means for assessing the contribution of elemental sulfur in pipelines to the SOx emission inventory from burning of gaseous fuels. Use of this method in concert with sulfur gas laboratory test methods such as Test Methods D4084, D4468, D5504, and D6228 or on-line methods such as D7165 or D7166 can provide users with a comprehensive sulfur compound profile for natural gas or other gaseous fuels. Other applications may include elemental sulfur in particulate deposits such as diesel exhausts.
SCOPE
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5.1 The purpose of this practice is to outline a procedure for using GWT to locate areas in metal pipes in which wall loss has occurred due to corrosion or erosion.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides a guide for the use of waves generated using magnetostrictive transduction for guided wave testing (GWT) welded tubulars. Magnetostrictive materials transduce or convert time varying magnetic fields into mechanical energy. As a magnetostrictive material is magnetized, it strains. Conversely, if an external force produces a strain in a magnetostrictive material, the material’s magnetic state will change. This bi-directional coupling between the magnetic and mechanical states of a magnetostrictive material provides a transduction capability that can be used for both actuation and sensing devices.  
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1.3 GWT is a screening tool. The method does not provide a direct measurement of wall thickness or the exact dimensions of discontinuities. However, an estimate of the severity of the discontinuity can be obtained.  
1.4 This practice is intended for use with tubular carbon steel products having nominal pipe size (NPS) 2 to 48 corresponding to 60.3 to 1219.2 mm (2.375 to 48 in.) outer diameter, and wall thickness between 3.81 and 25.4 mm (0.15 and 1 in.).  
1.5 This practice only applies to GWT of basic pipe configuration. This includes pipes that are straight, constructed of a single pipe size and schedules, fully accessible at the test location, jointed by girth welds, supported by simple contact supports and free of internal, or external coatings, or both; the pipe may be insulated or painted.  
1.6 This practice provides a general practice for performing the examination. The interpretation of the guided wave data obtained is complex and training is required to properly perform data interpretation.  
1.7 This practice does not establish an acceptance criterion. Specific acceptance criteria shall be specified in the contractual agreement by the cognizant engineer.  
1.8 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given...

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ASTM
ASTM F2599-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Sectional Repair of Damaged Pipe By Means of an Inverted Cured-In-Place Liner

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is for use by designers and specifiers, regulatory agencies, owners, and inspection organizations who are involved in the rehabilitation of pipes through the use of a resin-impregnated tube installed within a damaged existing host pipe. As for any practice, modifications may be required for specific job conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers requirements and test methods for the sectional cured-in-place lining (SCIPL) repair of a pipe line (4 in. through 60 in. (10.2 cm through 152 cm)) by the installation of a continuous resin-impregnated-textile tube into an existing host pipe by means of air or water inversion and inflation. The tube is pressed against the host pipe by air or water pressure and held in place until the thermoset resins have cured. When cured, the sectional liner shall extend over a predetermined length of the host pipe as a continuous, one piece, tight fitting, corrosion resistant, and verifiable non-leaking cured-in-place pipe.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 There is no similar or equivalent ISO Standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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