ASTM F519-23

Standard Test Method for Mechanical Hydrogen Embrittlement Evaluation of Plating/Coating Processes and Service Environments

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Plating/coating Processes—This test method provides a means by which to detect possible hydrogen embrittlement of steel parts during manufacture by verifying strict controls during production operations such as surface preparation, pretreatments, and plating/coating. It is also intended to be used as a qualification test for new plating/coating processes and as a periodic inspection audit for the control of a plating/coating process.  
5.2 Service Environment—This test method provides a means by which to detect possible hydrogen embrittlement of steel parts (plated/coated or bare) due to contact with chemicals during manufacturing, overhaul and service life. The details of testing in a service environment are found in Annex A5.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes mechanical test methods and defines acceptance criteria for coating and plating processes that can cause hydrogen embrittlement in steels. Subsequent exposure to chemicals encountered in service environments, such as fluids, cleaning treatments or maintenance chemicals that come in contact with the plated/coated or bare surface of the steel, can also be evaluated.  
1.2 This test method is not intended to measure the relative susceptibility of different steels. The relative susceptibility of different materials to hydrogen embrittlement may be determined in accordance with Test Method F1459 and Test Method F1624.  
1.3 This test method specifies the use of air melted SAE 4340 steel (Grade A, see 7.1.1) per SAE AMS 6415 (formerly SAE AMS-S-5000 and formerly MIL-S-5000) or an alternative VAR (Vacuum Arc Remelt) SAE 4340 steel (Grade B, see 7.1.1) per SAE AMS 6414, and both are heat treated to 260 to 280 ksi (pounds per square inch ×1000) as the baseline. This combination of alloy and heat treat level has been used for many years and a large database has been accumulated in the aerospace industry on its specific response to exposure to a wide variety of maintenance chemicals, or electroplated coatings, or both. Components with ultimate strengths higher than 260 to 280 ksi may not be represented by the baseline. In such cases, the cognizant engineering authority shall determine the need for manufacturing specimens from the specific material and heat treat condition of the component. Deviations from the baseline shall be reported as required by 12.1.2. The sensitivity to hydrogen embrittlement shall be demonstrated for each lot of specimens as specified in 9.5.
Note 1: Extensive testing has shown that VAR 4340 steel may be used as an alternative to the air melted steel with no loss in sensitivity.2
Note 2: VAR 4340 also meets the requirements in AMS 6415 and could be used as an alternative to air melt steel by the steel suppliers because AMS 6415 does not specify a melting practice.  
1.4 Test procedures and acceptance requirements are specified for seven specimens of different sizes, geometries, and loading configurations.  
1.5 Pass/Fail Requirements—For plating/coating processes, specimens must meet or exceed 200 h using a sustained load test (SLT) at the levels shown in Table 3.  
1.5.1 The loading conditions and pass/fail requirements for service environments are specified in Annex A5.  
1.5.2 If approved by the cognizant engineering authority, a quantitative, accelerated (≤ 24 h) incremental step-load (ISL) test as defined in Annex A3 may be used as an alternative to SLT.  
1.6 This test method is divided into two parts. The first part gives general information concerning requirements for hydrogen embrittlement testing. The second is composed of annexes that give specific requirements for the various loading and specimen configurations covered by this test method (see section 9.1 for a list of types) and the details for testing service environments.  
1.7 The values stated in the foot-pound-second (fps) system in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conv...

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2023
• ICS: 25.220.40 - Metallic coatings
• Technical Committee: F07 - Aerospace and Aircraft
• Drafting Committee: F07.04 - Hydrogen Embrittlement

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM F519-18 - Standard Test Method for Mechanical Hydrogen Embrittlement Evaluation of Plating/Coating Processes and Service Environments
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2023
• Refers: ASTM E1823-24a - Standard Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
• Effective Date: 15-Feb-2024
• Refers: ASTM E1823-24 - Standard Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2024
• Refers: ASTM E8/E8M-24 - Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2024
• Refers: ASTM E1823-23 - Standard Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2023
• Refers: ASTM E8/E8M-22 - Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
• Effective Date: 01-May-2022
• Referred By: ASTM B700-20 - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Silver for Engineering Use
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2023
• Referred By: ASTM F1113-87(2017) - Standard Test Method for Electrochemical Measurement of Diffusible Hydrogen in Steels (Barnacle Electrode)
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2023
• Referred By: ASTM F1940-07a(2019) - Standard Test Method for Process Control Verification to Prevent Hydrogen Embrittlement in Plated or Coated Fasteners
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2023
• Referred By: ASTM F1941/F1941M-16 - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings on Mechanical Fasteners, Inch and Metric
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2023
• Referred By: ASTM B607-21 - Standard Specification for Autocatalytic Nickel Boron Coatings for Engineering Use
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2023
• Referred By: ASTM F3111-16 - Standard Specification for Heavy Hex Structural Bolt/Nut/Washer Assemblies, Alloy Steel, Heat Treated, 200 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2023
• Referred By: ASTM F1624-12(2018) - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Hydrogen Embrittlement Threshold in Steel by the Incremental Step Loading Technique
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2023
• Referred By: ASTM B766-23 - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Cadmium
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2023
• Referred By: ASTM B699-86(2021)e1 - Standard Specification for Coatings of Cadmium Vacuum-Deposited on Iron and Steel
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2023

Overview

ASTM F519-23: Standard Test Method for Mechanical Hydrogen Embrittlement Evaluation of Plating/Coating Processes and Service Environments is a key document issued by ASTM International for industries that rely on steel parts subjected to plating, coating, or chemical exposure. The standard outlines mechanical test methods and acceptance criteria for evaluating the risk of hydrogen embrittlement resulting from manufacturing processes and service environments. By providing structured procedures for testing both during production and throughout service life, ASTM F519-23 ensures the reliability and safety of critical components, particularly in aerospace and high-performance applications.

Key Topics

• Hydrogen Embrittlement Evaluation: Describes mechanical tests for systematically assessing hydrogen embrittlement risk in steel components, whether plated/coated or bare.
• Production Process Controls: Establishes qualifications and periodic audits for plating/coating operations, ensuring strict process control and early detection of potential embrittlement hazards.
• Service Environment Testing: Includes protocols for evaluating how exposure to fluids, cleaning agents, and chemicals during operation or maintenance can induce hydrogen embrittlement.
• Specimen Types: Specifies multiple specimen geometries and loading configurations for thorough testing results, with baseline materials using SAE 4340 steel.
• Acceptance Criteria: Sets clear pass/fail thresholds, including sustained load tests and optional accelerated step-load protocols.
• Reporting Requirements: Defines the minimum information needed in test records, ensuring traceability and compliance.

Applications

ASTM F519-23 provides practical value to industries where high-strength steel components are plated, coated, or exposed to potentially embrittling environments. Typical applications include:

• Aerospace: Essential for validating manufacturing processes and ensuring service durability of aircraft fasteners, landing gear, and highly stressed structural parts.
• Automotive and Heavy Machinery: Used to audit and qualify plating/coating lines, ensuring critical components like bolts, shafts, and gears remain free from delayed hydrogen-induced failures.
• Industrial Maintenance: Helps maintenance teams and quality managers verify that cleaning and overhaul procedures do not introduce embrittlement risks.
• Defense and Military Equipment: Supports compliance for mission-critical hardware where hydrogen embrittlement can compromise performance or safety.
• Plating and Coating Service Providers: Assists service providers in demonstrating conformance to customer and regulatory requirements through routine audits and process validations.

By using ASTM F519-23, organizations can minimize the risk of catastrophic component failure due to hydrogen embrittlement, maintain compliance with regulatory requirements, and enhance overall product reliability.

Related Standards

A range of related ASTM and industry standards complement and extend the hydrogen embrittlement evaluation process. Key references include:

• ASTM F1459: Test Method for Determination of the Susceptibility of Metallic Materials to Hydrogen Gas Embrittlement.
• ASTM F1624: Test Method for Measurement of Hydrogen Embrittlement Threshold in Steel by the Incremental Step Loading Technique.
• ASTM B374: Terminology Relating to Electroplating.
• ASTM E4, E8/E8M, E18, E292: Practices and methods for force calibration, tension testing, and hardness evaluation of metallic materials.
• ASTM E1417, E1444: Practices for liquid penetrant and magnetic particle inspection in aerospace.
• SAE AMS 6415 & AMS 6414: Specifications for SAE 4340 steel, used as test baseline materials.
• AMS-QQ-P-416: Cadmium plating specification referenced for sensitivity tests.

Practical Value

Using ASTM F519-23 supports quality assurance, risk mitigation, and continuous improvement programs by offering:

• Consistent, reproducible methods for detecting embrittlement dangers early in the production cycle.
• Confidence in plated and coated component integrity, especially when exposed to aggressive service environments.
• Compliance with aerospace, automotive, and defense quality management systems requiring periodic testing and documentation.

Adhering to ASTM F519-23 enables organizations to build safer, more durable products and sustain high levels of customer and regulatory trust.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F519 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Mechanical Hydrogen Embrittlement Evaluation of Plating/
Coating Processes and Service Environments
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F519; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
as an alternative to the air melted steel with no loss in sensitivity.
1. Scope
NOTE 2—VAR 4340 also meets the requirements in AMS 6415 and
1.1 This test method describes mechanical test methods and could be used as an alternative to air melt steel by the steel suppliers
because AMS 6415 does not specify a melting practice.
defines acceptance criteria for coating and plating processes
that can cause hydrogen embrittlement in steels. Subsequent
1.4 Test procedures and acceptance requirements are speci-
exposure to chemicals encountered in service environments,
fied for seven specimens of different sizes, geometries, and
such as fluids, cleaning treatments or maintenance chemicals
loading configurations.
that come in contact with the plated/coated or bare surface of
1.5 Pass/Fail Requirements—For plating/coating processes,
the steel, can also be evaluated.
specimens must meet or exceed 200 h using a sustained load
1.2 This test method is not intended to measure the relative test (SLT) at the levels shown in Table 3.
susceptibility of different steels. The relative susceptibility of
1.5.1 The loading conditions and pass/fail requirements for
different materials to hydrogen embrittlement may be deter- service environments are specified in Annex A5.
mined in accordance with Test Method F1459 and Test Method
1.5.2 If approved by the cognizant engineering authority, a
F1624.
quantitative, accelerated (≤ 24 h) incremental step-load (ISL)
test as defined in Annex A3 may be used as an alternative to
1.3 This test method specifies the use of air melted SAE
SLT.
4340 steel (Grade A, see 7.1.1) per SAE AMS 6415 (formerly
1.6 This test method is divided into two parts. The first part
SAE AMS-S-5000 and formerly MIL-S-5000) or an alternative
gives general information concerning requirements for hydro-
VAR (Vacuum Arc Remelt) SAE 4340 steel (Grade B, see
gen embrittlement testing. The second is composed of annexes
7.1.1) per SAE AMS 6414, and both are heat treated to 260 to
that give specific requirements for the various loading and
280 ksi (pounds per square inch ×1000) as the baseline. This
specimen configurations covered by this test method (see
combination of alloy and heat treat level has been used for
section 9.1 for a list of types) and the details for testing service
many years and a large database has been accumulated in the
environments.
aerospace industry on its specific response to exposure to a
wide variety of maintenance chemicals, or electroplated
1.7 The values stated in the foot-pound-second (fps) system
coatings, or both. Components with ultimate strengths higher
in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values
than 260 to 280 ksi may not be represented by the baseline. In
given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units
such cases, the cognizant engineering authority shall determine
that are provided for information only and are not considered
the need for manufacturing specimens from the specific mate-
standard.
rial and heat treat condition of the component. Deviations from
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
the baseline shall be reported as required by 12.1.2. The
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
sensitivity to hydrogen embrittlement shall be demonstrated for
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
each lot of specimens as specified in 9.5.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
NOTE 1—Extensive testing has shown that VAR 4340 steel may be used mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F07 on “Final Report - Design of Experiment Approach to Hydrogen Re-
Aerospace and Aircraft and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F07.04 on Embrittlement Evaluation WP-2152”; S.M Grendahl, H. Nguyen, F. Kellogg, S.
Hydrogen Embrittlement. Zhu, S. Jones; Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2023. Published February 2024. Originally (SERDP); Project WP-2152; July 2015; https://www.serdp-estcp.org/Program-
approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as F519 – 18. DOI: Areas/Weapons-Systems-and-Platforms/Surface-Engineering-and-
10.1520/F0519-23. StructuralMaterials/WP-2152.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F519 − 23
1.9 This international standard was developed in accor- AMS 6415 Steel, Bars, Forgings, and Tubing (SAE 4340)
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- AMS-QQ-P-416 Plating, Cadmium (Electrodeposited)
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the 2.3 Military and Federal Standards and Commercial Item
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- Descriptions:
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical MIL-PRF-16173 Corrosion Preventive Compound, Solvent
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. Cutback, Cold-Application
Commercial Item Description (CID) A-A-55827 Chromium
2. Referenced Documents
Trioxide, Technical
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3. Terminology
B374 Terminology Relating to Electroplating
3.1 Definitions—Definitions of terms used in this test
B851 Specification for Automated Controlled Shot Peening
method may be found in Terminology B374, Terminology
of Metallic Articles Prior to Nickel, Autocatalytic Nickel,
E1823 and Terminology F2078.
or Chromium Plating, or as Final Finish
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
3.2 Acronyms and Abbreviations:
E4 Practices for Force Calibration and Verification of Test-
AISI = American Iron and Steel Institute
ing Machines
a/W = notch depth-to-width ratio
E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Ma-
d/D = ratio of minor to major diameters at the notch
terials
ESH = Environmental, Safety and Health
E18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Ma-
fps = foot pound second
terials
HRC = Rockwell Hardness Scale C
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
ID = inside diameter
Determine Conformance with Specifications
ISL = incremental step load
E292 Test Methods for Conducting Time-for-Rupture Notch
kip = pounds load multiplied by 1000
Tension Tests of Materials
ksi = pounds-force per square inch multiplied by 1000
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
K = stress concentration factor
t
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
LS = longitudinal short transverse
E709 Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing
NFS = notched fracture strength
E1417 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Testing
OD = outside diameter
E1444 Practice for Magnetic Particle Testing for Aerospace
psi = pounds-force per square inch
E1823 Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
RMS = root mean square
F1459 Test Method for Determination of the Susceptibility
SAE AMS = Society of Automotive Engineers Aerospace
of Metallic Materials to Hydrogen Gas Embrittlement
Material Specification
(HGE)
SCE = saturated calomel electrode
F1624 Test Method for Measurement of Hydrogen Em-
SLT = sustained load test
brittlement Threshold in Steel by the Incremental Step
T.I.R. = total indicated runout
Loading Technique
F2078 Terminology Relating to Hydrogen Embrittlement 4. Summary of Test Methods
Testing
4.1 Plating/coating Processes—Unstressed test specimens
G5 Reference Test Method for Making Potentiodynamic
are cleaned, plated/coated, and baked (if applicable) in accor-
Anodic Polarization Measurements
dance with the specification to which the process is to be
G38 Practice for Making and Using C-Ring Stress-
qualified. Specimens are then maintained under a sustained
Corrosion Test Specimens
load in air to measure the time to rupture/completion of the test
2.2 SAE AMS Standard:
period.
AMS 2430 (R) Shot Peening, Automatic
4.2 Service Environments—Specimens are tested in the
AMS 2759/2 Heat Treatment of Low-Alloy Steel Parts
service environment. The sequence of exposure to the environ-
Minimum Tensile Strength 220 ksi (1517 MPa) and
ment and loading shall be as defined in Annex A5. If
Higher
plated/coated test specimens are to be utilized for evaluating a
AMS 2759/11 Stress Relief of Steel Parts
service environment, then the plating/coating process must first
AMS 6360 Steel Tubing, Seamless 0.95Cr – 0.20Mo (0.28
be determined to be acceptable in accordance with 4.1.
– 0.33C) (SAE 4130) Normalized or Stress Relieved
AMS 6414 Steel, Bars, Forgings, and Tubing (SAE 4340)
5. Significance and Use
Vacuum Consumable Electrode Remelted
5.1 Plating/coating Processes—This test method provides a
means by which to detect possible hydrogen embrittlement of
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or steel parts during manufacture by verifying strict controls
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. Copies of these documents are available at http://assist.daps.dla.mil/
Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth quicksearch/ or http://assist.daps.dla.mil or from the Standardization Document
Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http://www.sae.org. Order Desk, 700 Robins Ave., Building 4D, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.
F519 − 23
during production operations such as surface preparation,
EXAMPLE 2 for SLT
Twenty cadmium-plated specimens representing five distinct plating baths (A, B,
pretreatments, and plating/coating. It is also intended to be
C, D, and E) are loaded on an individual SLT test frame as part of a monthly
used as a qualification test for new plating/coating processes
plating bath verification. One specimen from bath A fractures after 100 h; one
and as a periodic inspection audit for the control of a specimen from bath B fractures after 120 h; and one specimen from bath C
fractures after 140 h. Each time a specimen fractures, it takes 8 h to discover
plating/coating process.
the fractured specimen, replace it with a dummy link, and put the remaining
specimens back under load (total time off-load = 8+8+8 h = 24 h). The total
5.2 Service Environment—This test method provides a
time off-load (24 h) exceeds 10 % of the total test duration (10 % of 200 = 20 h)
means by which to detect possible hydrogen embrittlement of
by 4 h. Therefore, the time under load must be extended by 4 h. Total time
steel parts (plated/coated or bare) due to contact with chemicals
under load will therefore be 204 h for the remaining specimens.
during manufacturing, overhaul and service life. The details of
6.4 Service Environment Testing—For testing in service
testing in a service environment are found in Annex A5.
environments, an inert container and fixture arrangement that is
suitably electrically isolated from the specimen or compen-
6. Apparatus
sated to prevent galvanic coupling shall be used for testing in
6.1 Testing Machine—Testing machines shall be within the
aqueous environments. The corrosion potential of the specimen
guidelines of calibration, force range, resolution, bending
may be controlled with a reference Saturated Calomel Elec-
strain, and verification of Practices E4 and Test Methods E292
trode (SCE) or equivalent reference electrode such as with
as applicable.
Ag/AgCl in accordance with Reference Test Method G5.
6.1.1 The force measurement on test machines used for
notched round tension specimens, shall be via analytical
7. Materials and Reagents
calculations such as for dead weight or lever arm type hanging
weight machines, or by routine empirical measurement (elec-
7.1 Materials:
tronic output) such as for strain gauge load cells. Estimating
7.1.1 Steel shall be:
test loads that are derived from load ring deflections only is not
7.1.1.1 Grade A - Air melted SAE 4340 steel per SAE AMS
allowed, unless the effects of specimen grip joint compliance is
6415 (formerly SAE AMS-S-5000 and formerly MIL-S-5000)
known, is accounted for, and within Practice E4 and Test
or
Method E8/E8M tolerances. Strain gauge load cell
7.1.1.2 Grade B - VAR (Vacuum Arc Remelt) SAE 4340
measurements/results can be used in conjunction with load ring
steel per SAE AMS 6414.
deflections.
7.1.1.3 If no Grade is specified, Grade A shall be used.
6.2 Gripping Devices—Various types of gripping devices
7.1.2 Aluminum oxide (150 grit or finer), and 180-grit
may be used in either tension or bending to transmit the load
silicon-carbide paper.
applied by the testing machine or self-loading frame to the test
specimen.
7.1.3 Conditioned shot, in accordance with AMS 2430.
6.3 Series Loading—Samples may be loaded on a test frame
7.2 Reagents:
either individually or by multiples in series. All specimens
7.2.1 Corrosion preventive compound, meeting the require-
loaded onto an individual test frame shall have the same
ments of MIL-PRF-16173, Grade 2.
certified NFS 6 1 %. In the event that one or more of the
7.2.2 Cadmium cyanide electroplating bath (SAE AMS-
specimens fracture during the designated test period, the
QQ-P-416, formerly Federal Specification QQ-P-416. (Table
fractured specimen(s) shall be removed, replaced with a
2).
dummy specimen and the load chain placed back under load.
The total time under load (that is, test duration) for the
7.2.3 Maintenance chemicals, cleaners, paint strippers, and
remaining specimens shall be extended by any time-off-load as
aqueous environments.
detailed in 6.3.1. The procuring specification or cognizant
7.2.4 Chromic acid (CID A-A-55827, formerly Federal
engineering authority may elect to restrict loading to one
Specification O-C-303D).
specimen per test frame.
7.2.5 Water (Specification D1193 Type IV).
6.3.1 Extended Time Under Load (ETUL)—If the total
time-off-load (wall clock) exceeds 10 % of the total test
8. Hazards
duration (for example. 20-h for a 200-h test); then the time
under load shall be extended by the amount of time-off-load in 8.1 Environmental, Safety and Health (ESH):
excess of 10 % (that is, in excess of 20 h). The procuring
8.1.1 Equipment, materials, solutions, and emissions (if
specification or cognizant engineering authority may elect to
applicable) shall be controlled, handled, used, and disposed in
waive this extended time under load (ETUL) protocol.
accordance with the applicable governing ESH regulations.
EXAMPLE 1 for SLT
Four cadmium-plated specimens representing a single plating bath are loaded
9. Test Specimens
on an individual SLT test frame as part of a monthly plating bath verification.
One of the four specimens fractures after 180 h (initial time under load = 180
9.1 Configuration:
h). It takes 8 h to discover the fractured specimen, replace it with a dummy link,
and put the remaining three specimens back under load (time off-load = 8 h).
9.1.1 Dimensional drawings with tolerances are given for
No extension of time under load is required since the time off-load (8 h) was
the two types of specimens in the following annexes:
less than 10 % of the total test duration (10 % of 200 h = 20 h). Total time
under load will therefore be 200 h for the remaining specimens.
9.1.1.1 Type 1—Notched Specimens
F519 − 23
9.2.5.1 Austenitize at 1500 – 1550 ºF in a protective atmo-
Type 1a: Notched, Round, Tension
Type 1a.1—Standard Size—per Fig. A1.1 Annex A1
sphere and then quench in oil.
Type 1a.2—Oversized—per Fig. A1.2 Annex A1
9.2.5.2 Double temper, 2 h minimum each, at 425 – 490 °F.
Type 1b: Notched, Round, Tension Self Loading Fixture— Annex A2
per 9.2.6 Verify heat treat response by pulling 4 specimens in
Figs. A2.1-A2.5
accordance with Test Method E8/E8M and Table 1.
Type 1c: Notched, Round, Bend Self Loading Fixture—per Annex A2
Fig. A2.6, Fig. A2.7
TABLE 1 Lot Acceptance Criteria for Notched Specimens
Type 1d: Notched, C-Ring, Bend Self Loading Fixture—per Annex A2
Fig. A2.8, Fig. A2.9
Sampling of
Type Item Requirement/Method
Type 1e: Notched, Square, Bend—per Fig. A3.1 Annex A3
Each Lot
9.1.1.2 Type 2—Smooth Specimens
Test Method E8. Tensile
strength of each specimen
Type 2a: O-Ring, Bend Self Loading Fixture—per Fig. A4.1, Annex 1 Tensile Strength 4 each
must be within 10 ksi of the
Fig. A4.2 A4
average.
9.1.2 The notched round tension, round bend and square A
1 Hardness 5 % 51 to 53 HRC per Test
bend specimens shall be loaded in the longitudinal grain Methods E18.
Round the average of
direction, but the C-Ring and O-Ring can only be loaded
three readings per
normal to the longitudinal grain direction.
specimen per Practice
E29.
9.2 Manufacture:
1 Dimensions 100 % Meet tolerances of
9.2.1 Stress concentration factors (K ) for each of the
corresponding
t
drawings. Notch
specimen types were calculated using Finite Element Analysis
dimension verified with
(FEA) and the dimensions in the drawings.
shadow graphic
projection at 50 to
Type K
t
A A 100× or equivalent.
Minimum Nominal Maximum
1 Notched Fracture 10 ea Test Methods E8/E8M. NFS of
1a.1 3.16 3.30 3.48
Strength (NFS) each specimen
1a.2 3.31 3.59 3.76
must be within 10 ksi
1b 2.86 3.07 3.33
of the average.
1c 3.30 3.45 3.62
1c Self-loading 10 ea Alternate: The number of
1d 3.73 4.03 4.42
notched round turns of the loading
1e 3.95 4.27 4.60
specimen bend bolt, which is required
2a NA NA NA
fixture, Fig. A2.7 to produce fracture in
each specimen, must be
A
Minimum and maximum K s calculated from worst case combinations of dimen-
t
within 5 % of the
sional tolerances.
average.
1d Self-loading 10 ea Alternate: The change in
9.2.2 If the 60° notch angle does not permit plating/coating
notched C-Ring diameter at fracture
to the root of the notch, then an angle of 90° 6 1° shall be used bend fixture, load for each specimen
Fig. A2.8 must be within 0.008
only with prior approval of the cognizant engineering author-
inches of the average.
ity.
A
If the hardness requirements of any of the sampled specimens are not satisfied,
only those specimens of the lot that are individually inspected for conformance to
NOTE 3—The FEA determined that changing the notch angle from 60°
these requirements shall be used for testing.
to 90° had a negligible affect on the K . Therefore, no dimensional changes
t
are required to compensate for this deviation. However, such deviation
9.2.7 Finish machine the reduced section and notch configu-
shall be reported as required in 12.1.2.
ration.
9.2.3 The baseline material/condition for test specimens is
9.2.7.1 The entire notch shall be ground to size.
normalized and tempered, hot or cold drawn bar stock, air
9.2.7.2 Single-point machining of the notch is not permit-
melted SAE 4340 steel per AMS 6415 (Grade A, see 7.1.1.1)
ted.
or VAR SAE 4340 steel per AMS 6414 (Grade B, see 7.1.1.2),
9.2.7.3 Burnishing of the notch is not permitted.
heat treated per AMS 2759/2 Class A or B to a tensile strength
9.2.7.4 Shot peening/blasting/mechanical cleaning of the
between 260 and 280 ksi (51 to 53 Rockwell C Hardness Scale
notch during specimen manufacturing is not permitted.
(HRC)) as determined according to Test Methods E18. Round-
9.2.8 After grinding, all specimens shall receive a stress
ing per Practice E29 permits an absolute hardness range of 50.6
relief bake at 375 6 25 °F (190 6 14 °C) per AMS 2759/11 for
to 53.4 HRC of the average of three measurements.
4–5 h. A suitable protection from discoloration due to surface
9.2.3.1 Other steels or final hardnesses may only be substi-
oxidation shall be used during the stress relief bake.
tuted if agreed upon by the cognizant engineering authority.
9.2.9 Acid or cathodic electrolytic cleaning is prohibited.
Deviations from the baseline shall be reported as required in
9.2.10 Straightening after final heat treatment is prohibited.
12.1.2.
9.2.4 Rough machine blanks as required. 9.3 Storage:
9.2.5 Heat treat as a finished part to a strength level of 260 9.3.1 After stress relief baking, all specimens shall be
to 280 ksi per AMS 2759/2 Class A or B as follows:
protected during storage to prevent corrosion. A suitable means
of protection is to coat the specimen with a corrosion preven-
tive compound meeting the requirements of MIL-PRF-16173,
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may
Grade 2.
be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:F07-2000. Contact ASTM Customer
Service at [e-mail]. 9.4 Inspection:
F519 − 23
9.4.1 A lot shall consist of those specimens cut from the specimens to two different embrittling environments after
same heat of steel in the same orientation, heat treated together manufacture and inspection in accordance with Section 9.
in the same furnace load, quenched and tempered together and
9.5.1.1 Three specimens shall be electroplated under the
subjected to the same manufacturing processes together.
highly embrittling conditions produced in a bright cadmium
9.4.2 All notched specimens in the lot shall be suitable for
cyanide bath by Treatment A (Table 2) and the remaining three
test purposes if the inspection results on samples from that lot
specimens shall be electroplated under the less embrittling
conform to the requirements of Table 1 and 9.5.
conditions of Treatment B (Table 2). An equivalent plating/
coating or imposed potential may be used only with the
9.5 Sensitivity Test:
9.5.1 The sensitivity to hydrogen embrittlement shall be approval of the cognizant engineering authority if its sensitivity
demonstrated for each lot of specimens by exposing six trial is demonstrated to be equivalent to that found in Table 2.
TABLE 2 Electroplating Bath Compositions and Operating Conditions for Sensitivity Test
Item Treatment A Treatment B
Bath composition: Range Optimum
Cadmium (as CdO) 2.9 to 5.5 oz/gal (22 to 4.5 oz/gal (33.7 g/L) same as Treatment A
41 g/L)
Total Sodium cyanide 12.0 to 16.0 oz/gal (89.9 14 oz/gal (104 g/L) same as Treatment A
(NaCN) to 120 g/L)
Ratio NaCN to CdO 2.8/1 to 6.0/1 3.0/1 same as Treatment A
pH 12.0 or greater 12.0 same as Treatment A
Temperature 70–90 °F (21–32 °C) 75°F (24 °C) same as Treatment A
Sodium hydroxide 1.0 to 3.2 oz/gal (7.5 to 2.5 oz/gal (18.7 g/L) same as Treatment A
A
(NaOH) 24.0 g/L)
Brightener such as Manufacturer’s suggested range None
B
Colcad 100 or
equivalent
2 2 2 2
Electroplating current 10 A/ft (108 A/m ) 60 A/ft (645 A ⁄m )
Electroplating time 30 minutes 6 minutes
Baking
Baking temperature 375 ± 25 °F (190 ± 14 °C) same as Treatment A
Baking time: Type 1 Do Not Bake 23 h
Specimen
Baking time: Type 2a 8 h 23 h
Specimen
C
Chromate Treatment Yes same as Treatment A
A
Addition of sodium hydroxide may not be required on solution makeup, since the addition of 1 oz/gal of cadmium oxide is equivalent to 0.6 oz/gal of free hydroxide.
B
The sole source of manufacture of Colcad 100 known to the committee at this time is Columbia Chemical in Brunswick, Ohio, www.columbiachemical.com. If you are
aware of alternative manufacturers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting
of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
C
After baking, the specimens shall be dipped into any appropriate chromate conversion coating solution for minimum time that will produce an adherent and continuous
coating as described in AMS-QQ-P-416 Type II.
9.5.2 Using the SLT method, each lot of specimens shall be 9.6.1 Each lot of specimens manufactured and sold shall be
of suitable sensitivity only if all three specimens plated by certified in writing to indicate that it meets the conditions found
Treatment A fracture within 24 h and none of the three in this section, including the following information:
specimens plated by Treatment B fracture within 200 h after 9.6.1.1 Manufacturer of specimen lot.
applying the sustained loads specified in Table 3. 9.6.1.2 Steel supplier, heat number, and certificate for
chemical composition and heat treatment response.
TABLE 3 Pass/Fail Loading Requirements of Test Specimens
9.6.1.3 Heat treat process certification for specimen lot.
Type 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e 75 % of the tensile or bend NFS (Table 1). 9.6.1.4 Test results for requirements in Table 1 and 9.6,
Type 2a 92 % of the Test Methods E8/E8M, E4 ultimate
including the corresponding average rupture load in units of
strength, obtained by deflecting a 2.300-inch diameter
X.XX kips (1 kip = 1000 pounds load).
O-Ring specimen with a 2.525-inch stressing bar.
10. Procedure
10.1 Plating/coating Processes:
9.5.3 Using the ISL test method, each lot of specimens shall
10.1.1 Number of Specimens—A minimum of four speci-
be of suitable sensitivity only if all three specimens plated by
mens shall be used per test.
Treatment A initiate a crack at less than 50 % NFS and all of
10.1.2 Re-Use of Specimens—Test specimens produced and
the three specimens plated by Treatment B fracture above 90%
tested per this test method shall only be used once. Stripping
NFS identified in Table 3. The loading profile to be used with
and reuse of specimens are prohibited.
this standard is fifteen load increments of 5 % NFS sustained
10.1.3 Plating/Coating Coverage—The entire specimen
for one hour plus five increments of 5 % NFS for 2 h each or
with the exception of the grip areas shall be covered by
(15/5/1) + (5/5/2), which totals to a maximum of 24 hour
plating/coating as determined by a visual inspection.
loading profile for a maximum anticipated load of 100 % NFS.
10.1.4 Masking of Grip Areas of Specimens—The grip areas
9.6 Certification: of the specimens may be masked to prevent plating/coating
F519 − 23
deposit when required to avoid interference with the test examination of the fractured specimen indicates some defect in
fixture. If the grip area is masked, this fact shall be reported. the manufacture of the specimen.
10.1.5 Masking To Provide Hydrogen Escape Path—Non-
11.4.1.1 Pre-existing specimen defects such as cracks,
porous plating/coatings such as nickel or bright cadmium can grinding burns, or nonmetallic inclusions can be considered a
inhibit the outward diffusion of hydrogen. Therefore, when
basis for invalidation of test results and replacement testing.
plating specimens with these types of plating/coatings it is
11.4.1.2 Fracture at any location other than the notch
necessary to leave a portion of the specimen unplated/coated so
invalidates the test and is a basis for replacement testing for all
that the hydrogen can be baked out. The following guidelines
notched specimens (that is, all types except 2a).
are established for masking specimens to be plated/coated with
11.4.2 Number of Specimens—A replacement test shall use
hard, non-porous coatings:
four specimens. If any specimen fractures during the replace-
10.1.5.1 All notched Types (1a.1, 1a.2, 1b, 1c, 1d, and
ment test, the plating/coating process shall be considered
1e)—The entire notch and 0.5 inch on either side of the notch
embrittling. If the failure is determined to be anomalous,
shall be plated/coated.
retesting per 11.4 may be repeated.
10.1.5.2 Type 2a Smooth Ring—Only the edges may be
masked. The entire ID and OD shall be plated/coated.
12. Report
10.1.6 Dimensions for Stress Calculations—The dimensions
12.1 A test record or report shall be produced upon comple-
of the bare metal specimen shall be used in stress calculations.
tion of testing that bears the minimum information specified in
10.1.7 SLT Method:
12.1.1 through 12.1.8. The testing laboratory shall provide the
10.1.7.1 Load—Sustained load specimens shall be loaded in
information required in 12.1.4 through 12.1.8 in a test record or
accordance with Table 3.
report to the customer that provided the specimens for testing.
10.1.7.2 Time—Sustained loads shall be maintained for a
12.1.1 A lot acceptance and sensitivity certification record
minimum of 200 h. Actual fracture times may be electronically
or report in accordance with the requirements of Table 1 and
monitored with a relay switch system.
9.5 that clearly identifies the notched fracture strength (NFS)
10.1.8 The alternate, ISL accelerated test (≤24 h) as de-
for the specimen lot(s) being tested.
scribed in Annex A3 of this document and as further defined in
Test Method F1624 may be used only if specified by the
NOTE 4—The lot acceptance and sensitivity record or report may be
cognizant engineering authority. provided by the specimen manufacturer.
10.2 Service Environments: 12.1.2 Deviations from baseline geometry, material, temper,
K , or masking practices. If samples conform to requirements,
10.2.1 The testing protocol (number, load, and time) shall
t
the report shall so state.
be as specified in Annex A5.
12.1.3 A description of the plating/coating process used on
11. Interpretation of Results the test specimens.
12.1.4 A description of the test environment (concentration,
11.1 No Fracture—For the SLT method, a plating/coating
temperature, and so forth) if other than ambient air.
process shall be considered non-embrittling if none of the
12.1.5 The sustained or threshold load applied, or percent of
plated/coated specimens fracture within 200 h after loading as
NFS or notch bend strength of unplated specimens, or displa
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F519 − 18 F519 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Mechanical Hydrogen Embrittlement Evaluation of Plating/
Coating Processes and Service Environments
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F519; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method describes mechanical test methods and defines acceptance criteria for coating and plating processes that can
cause hydrogen embrittlement in steels. Subsequent exposure to chemicals encountered in service environments, such as fluids,
cleaning treatments or maintenance chemicals that come in contact with the plated/coated or bare surface of the steel, can also be
evaluated.
1.2 This test method is not intended to measure the relative susceptibility of different steels. The relative susceptibility of different
materials to hydrogen embrittlement may be determined in accordance with Test Method F1459 and Test Method F1624.
1.3 This test method specifies the use of air melted SAE 4340 steel (Grade A, see 7.1.1) per SAE AMS 6415 (formerly SAE
AMS-S-5000 and formerly MIL-S-5000) or an alternative VAR (Vacuum Arc Remelt) SAE 4340 steel (Grade B, see 7.1.1) per
SAE AMS 6414, and both are heat treated to 260 to 280 ksi (pounds per square inch ×1000) as the baseline. This combination of
alloy and heat treat level has been used for many years and a large database has been accumulated in the aerospace industry on
its specific response to exposure to a wide variety of maintenance chemicals, or electroplated coatings, or both. Components with
ultimate strengths higher than 260 to 280 ksi may not be represented by the baseline. In such cases, the cognizant engineering
authority shall determine the need for manufacturing specimens from the specific material and heat treat condition of the
component. Deviations from the baseline shall be reported as required by 12.1.2. The sensitivity to hydrogen embrittlement shall
be demonstrated for each lot of specimens as specified in 9.5.
NOTE 1—Extensive testing has shown that VAR 4340 steel may be used as an alternative to the air melted steel with no loss in sensitivity.
NOTE 2—VAR 4340 also meets the requirements in AMS 6415 and could be used as an alternative to air melt steel by the steel suppliers because AMS
6415 does not specify a melting practice.
1.4 Test procedures and acceptance requirements are specified for seven specimens of different sizes, geometries, and loading
configurations.
1.5 Pass/Fail Requirements—For plating/coating processes, specimens must meet or exceed 200 h using a sustained load test
(SLT) at the levels shown in Table 3.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F07 on Aerospace and Aircraft and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F07.04 on Hydrogen
Embrittlement.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2018Dec. 1, 2023. Published November 2018February 2024. Originally approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 20172018
as F519 – 17a.F519 – 18. DOI: 10.1520/F0519-18.10.1520/F0519-23.
“Final Report - Design of Experiment Approach to Hydrogen Re-Embrittlement Evaluation WP-2152”; S.M Grendahl, H. Nguyen, F. Kellogg, S. Zhu, S. Jones; Strategic
Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP); Project WP-2152; July 2015; https://www.serdp-estcp.org/Program-Areas/Weapons-Systems-and-Platforms/
Surface-Engineering-and-StructuralMaterials/WP-2152.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F519 − 23
1.5.1 The loading conditions and pass/fail requirements for service environments are specified in Annex A5.
1.5.2 If approved by the cognizant engineering authority, a quantitative, accelerated (≤ 24 h) incremental step-load (ISL) test as
defined in Annex A3 may be used as an alternative to SLT.
1.6 This test method is divided into two parts. The first part gives general information concerning requirements for hydrogen
embrittlement testing. The second is composed of annexes that give specific requirements for the various loading and specimen
configurations covered by this test method (see section 9.1 for a list of types) and the details for testing service environments.
1.7 The values stated in the foot-pound-second (fps) system in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given
in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B374 Terminology Relating to Electroplating
B851 Specification for Automated Controlled Shot Peening of Metallic Articles Prior to Nickel, Autocatalytic Nickel, or
Chromium Plating, or as Final Finish
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
E4 Practices for Force Calibration and Verification of Testing Machines
E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
E18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Materials
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E292 Test Methods for Conducting Time-for-Rupture Notch Tension Tests of Materials
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E709 Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing
E1417 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Testing
E1444 Practice for Magnetic Particle Testing for Aerospace
E1823 Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
F1459 Test Method for Determination of the Susceptibility of Metallic Materials to Hydrogen Gas Embrittlement (HGE)
F1624 Test Method for Measurement of Hydrogen Embrittlement Threshold in Steel by the Incremental Step Loading Technique
F2078 Terminology Relating to Hydrogen Embrittlement Testing
G5 Reference Test Method for Making Potentiodynamic Anodic Polarization Measurements
G38 Practice for Making and Using C-Ring Stress-Corrosion Test Specimens
2.2 SAE AMS Standard:
AMS 2430 (R) Shot Peening, Automatic
AMS 2759/2 Heat Treatment of Low-Alloy Steel Parts Minimum Tensile Strength 220 ksi (1517 MPa) and Higher
AMS 2759/11 Stress Relief of Steel Parts
AMS 6360 Steel Tubing, Seamless 0.95Cr – 0.20Mo (0.28 – 0.33C) (SAE 4130) Normalized or Stress Relieved
AMS 6414 Steel, Bars, Forgings, and Tubing (SAE 4340) Vacuum Consumable Electrode Remelted
AMS 6415 Steel, Bars, Forgings, and Tubing (SAE 4340)
AMS-QQ-P-416 Plating, Cadmium (Electrodeposited)
2.3 Military and Federal Standards and Commercial Item Descriptions:
MIL-PRF-16173 Corrosion Preventive Compound, Solvent Cutback, Cold-Application
Commercial Item Description (CID) A-A-55827 Chromium Trioxide, Technical
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http://www.sae.org.
Copies of these documents are available at http://assist.daps.dla.mil/quicksearch/ or http://assist.daps.dla.mil or from the Standardization Document Order Desk, 700
Robins Ave., Building 4D, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.
F519 − 23
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Definitions of terms used in this test method may be found in Terminology B374, Terminology E1823 and
Terminology F2078.
3.2 Acronyms and Abbreviations:
AISI = American Iron and Steel Institute
a/W = notch depth-to-width ratio
d/D = ratio of minor to major diameters at the notch
ESH = Environmental, Safety and Health
fps = foot pound second
HRC = Rockwell Hardness Scale C
ID = inside diameter
ISL = incremental step load
kip = pounds load multiplied by 1000
ksi = pounds-force per square inch multiplied by 1000
K = stress concentration factor
t
LS = longitudinal short transverse
NFS = notched fracture strength
OD = outside diameter
psi = pounds-force per square inch
RMS = root mean square
SAE AMS = Society of Automotive Engineers Aerospace Material Specification
SCE = saturated calomel electrode
SLT = sustained load test
T.I.R. = total indicated runout
4. Summary of Test Methods
4.1 Plating/coating Processes—Unstressed test specimens are cleaned, plated/coated, and baked (if applicable) in accordance with
the specification to which the process is to be qualified. Specimens are then maintained under a sustained load in air to measure
the time to rupture/completion of the test period.
4.2 Service Environments—Specimens are tested in the service environment. The sequence of exposure to the environment and
loading shall be as defined in Annex A5. If plated/coated test specimens are to be utilized for evaluating a service environment,
then the plating/coating process must first be determined to be acceptable in accordance with 4.1.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Plating/coating Processes—This test method provides a means by which to detect possible hydrogen embrittlement of steel
parts during manufacture by verifying strict controls during production operations such as surface preparation, pretreatments, and
plating/coating. It is also intended to be used as a qualification test for new plating/coating processes and as a periodic inspection
audit for the control of a plating/coating process.
5.2 Service Environment—This test method provides a means by which to detect possible hydrogen embrittlement of steel parts
(plated/coated or bare) due to contact with chemicals during manufacturing, overhaul and service life. The details of testing in a
service environment are found in Annex A5.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Testing Machine—Testing machines shall be within the guidelines of calibration, force range, resolution, bending strain, and
verification of Practices E4 and Test Methods E292 as applicable.
6.1.1 The force measurement on test machines used for notched round tension specimens, shall be via analytical calculations such
as for dead weight or lever arm type hanging weight machines, or by routine empirical measurement (electronic output) such as
for strain gauge load cells. Estimating test loads that are derived from load ring deflections only is not allowed, unless the effects
F519 − 23
of specimen grip joint compliance is known, is accounted for, and within Practice E4 and Test Method E8/E8M tolerances. Strain
gauge load cell measurements/results can be used in conjunction with load ring deflections.
6.2 Gripping Devices—Various types of gripping devices may be used in either tension or bending to transmit the load applied
by the testing machine or self-loading frame to the test specimen.
6.3 Series Loading—Samples may be loaded on a test frame either individually or by multiples in series. All specimens loaded
onto an individual test frame shall have the same certified NFS 6 1 %. In the event that one or more of the specimens fracture
during the designated test period, the fractured specimen(s) shall be removed, replaced with a dummy specimen and the load chain
placed back under load. The total time under load (that is, test duration) for the remaining specimens shall be extended by any
time-off-load as detailed in 6.3.1. The procuring specification or cognizant engineering authority may elect to restrict loading to
one specimen per test frame.
6.3.1 Extended Time Under Load (ETUL)—If the total time-off-load (wall clock) exceeds 10 % of the total test duration (for
example. 20-h for a 200-h test); then the time under load shall be extended by the amount of time-off-load in excess of 10 % (that
is, in excess of 20 h). The procuring specification or cognizant engineering authority may elect to waive this extended time under
load (ETUL) protocol.
EXAMPLE 1 for SLT
Four cadmium-plated specimens representing a single plating bath are loaded on an individual SLT test frame as part of a monthly plating bath verification. One of
the four specimens fractures after 180 h (initial time under load = 180 h). It takes 8 h to discover the fractured specimen, replace it with a dummy link, and put the
remaining three specimens back under load (time off-load = 8 h). No extension of time under load is required since the time off-load (8 h) was less than 10 % of the
total test duration (10 % of 200 h = 20 h). Total time under load will therefore be 200 h for the remaining specimens.
EXAMPLE 2 for SLT
Twenty cadmium-plated specimens representing five distinct plating baths (A, B, C, D, and E) are loaded on an individual SLT test frame as part of a monthly plating
bath verification. One specimen from bath A fractures after 100 h; one specimen from bath B fractures after 120 h; and one specimen from bath C fractures after 140
h. Each time a specimen fractures, it takes 8 h to discover the fractured specimen, replace it with a dummy link, and put the remaining specimens back under load
(total time off-load = 8+8+8 h = 24 h). The total time off-load (24 h) exceeds 10 % of the total test duration (10 % of 200 = 20 h) by 4 h. Therefore, the time under
load must be extended by 4 h. Total time under load will therefore be 204 h for the remaining specimens.
6.4 Service Environment Testing—For testing in service environments, an inert container and fixture arrangement that is suitably
electrically isolated from the specimen or compensated to prevent galvanic coupling shall be used for testing in aqueous
environments. The corrosion potential of the specimen may be controlled with a reference Saturated Calomel Electrode (SCE) or
equivalent reference electrode such as with Ag/AgCl in accordance with Reference Test Method G5.
7. Materials and Reagents
7.1 Materials:
7.1.1 Steel shall be:
7.1.1.1 Grade A - Air melted SAE 4340 steel per SAE AMS 6415 (formerly SAE AMS-S-5000 and formerly MIL-S-5000) or
7.1.1.2 Grade B - VAR (Vacuum Arc Remelt) SAE 4340 steel per SAE AMS 6414.
7.1.1.3 If no Grade is specified, Grade A shall be used.
7.1.2 Aluminum oxide (150 grit or finer), and 180-grit silicon-carbide paper.
7.1.3 Conditioned shot, in accordance with AMS 2430.
7.2 Reagents:
7.2.1 Corrosion preventive compound, meeting the requirements of MIL-PRF-16173, Grade 2.
7.2.2 Cadmium cyanide electroplating bath (SAE AMS-QQ-P-416, formerly Federal Specification QQ-P-416. (Table 2).
F519 − 23
7.2.3 Maintenance chemicals, cleaners, paint strippers, and aqueous environments.
7.2.4 Chromic acid (CID A-A-55827, formerly Federal Specification O-C-303D).
7.2.5 Water (Specification D1193 Type IV).
8. Hazards
8.1 Environmental, Safety and Health (ESH):
8.1.1 Equipment, materials, solutions, and emissions (if applicable) shall be controlled, handled, used, and disposed in accordance
with the applicable governing ESH regulations.
9. Test Specimens
9.1 Configuration:
9.1.1 Dimensional drawings with tolerances are given for the two types of specimens in the following annexes:
9.1.1.1 Type 1—Notched Specimens
Type 1a: Notched, Round, Tension
Type 1a.1—Standard Size—per Fig. A1.1 Annex A1
Type 1a.2—Oversized—per Fig. A1.2 Annex A1
Type 1b: Notched, Round, Tension Self Loading Fixture— Annex A2
per
Figs. A2.1-A2.5
Type 1c: Notched, Round, Bend Self Loading Fixture—per Annex A2
Fig. A2.6, Fig. A2.7
Type 1d: Notched, C-Ring, Bend Self Loading Fixture—per Annex A2
Fig. A2.8, Fig. A2.9
Type 1e: Notched, Square, Bend—per Fig. A3.1 Annex A3
9.1.1.2 Type 2—Smooth Specimens
Type 2a: O-Ring, Bend Self Loading Fixture—per Fig. A4.1, Annex
Fig. A4.2 A4
9.1.2 The notched round tension, round bend and square bend specimens shall be loaded in the longitudinal grain direction, but
the C-Ring and O-Ring can only be loaded normal to the longitudinal grain direction.
9.2 Manufacture:
9.2.1 Stress concentration factors (K ) for each of the specimen types were calculated using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and
t
the dimensions in the drawings.
NOTE 3—An ASTM Research Report documenting the analysis is in process and a reference number will be included in a future revision.
Type K
t
A A
Minimum Nominal Maximum
1a.1 3.16 3.30 3.48
1a.2 3.31 3.59 3.76
1b 2.86 3.07 3.33
1c 3.30 3.45 3.62
1d 3.73 4.03 4.42
1e 3.95 4.27 4.60
2a NA NA NA
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:F07-2000. Contact ASTM Customer
Service at [e-mail].
F519 − 23
A
Minimum and maximum K s calculated from worst case combinations of dimensional tolerances.
t
9.2.2 If the 60° notch angle does not permit plating/coating to the root of the notch, then an angle of 90° 6 1° shall be used only
with prior approval of the cognizant engineering authority.
NOTE 3—The FEA determined that changing the notch angle from 60° to 90° had a negligible affect on the K . Therefore, no dimensional changes are
t
required to compensate for this deviation. However, such deviation shall be reported as required in 12.1.2.
9.2.3 The baseline material/condition for test specimens is normalized and tempered, hot or cold drawn bar stock, air melted SAE
4340 steel per AMS 6415 (Grade A, see 7.1.1.1) or VAR SAE 4340 steel per AMS 6414 (Grade B, see 7.1.1.2), heat treated per
AMS 2759/2 Class A or B to a tensile strength between 260 and 280 ksi (51 to 53 Rockwell C Hardness Scale (HRC)) as
determined according to Test Methods E18. Rounding per Practice E29 permits an absolute hardness range of 50.6 to 53.4 HRC
of the average of three measurements.
9.2.3.1 Other steels or final hardnesses may only be substituted if agreed upon by the cognizant engineering authority. Deviations
from the baseline shall be reported as required in 12.1.2.
9.2.4 Rough machine blanks as required.
9.2.5 Heat treat as a finished part to a strength level of 260 to 280 ksi per AMS 2759/2 Class A or B as follows:
9.2.5.1 Austenitize at 1500 – 1550ºF1550 ºF in a protective atmosphere and then quench in oil.
9.2.5.2 Double temper, 2 h minimum each, at 425 – 490°F.490 °F.
9.2.6 Verify heat treat response by pulling 4 specimens in accordance with Test Method E8/E8M and Table 1.
TABLE 1 Lot Acceptance Criteria for Notched Specimens
Sampling of
Type Item Requirement/Method
Each Lot
Test Method E8. Tensile
strength of each specimen
1 Tensile Strength 4 each
must be within 10 ksi of the
average.
A
1 Hardness 5 % 51 to 53 HRC per Test
Methods E18.
Round the average of
three readings per
specimen per Practice
E29.
1 Dimensions 100 % Meet tolerances of
corresponding
drawings. Notch
dimension verified with
shadow graphic
projection at 50 to
100× or equivalent.
1 Notched Fracture 10 ea Test Methods E8/E8M. NFS of
Strength (NFS) each specimen
must be within 10 ksi
of the average.
1c Self-loading 10 ea Alternate: The number of
notched round turns of the loading
specimen bend bolt, which is required
fixture, Fig. A2.7 to produce fracture in
each specimen, must be
within 5 % of the
average.
1d Self-loading 10 ea Alternate: The change in
notched C-Ring diameter at fracture
bend fixture, load for each specimen
Fig. A2.8 must be within 0.008
inches of the average.
F519 − 23
A
If the hardness requirements of any of the sampled specimens are not satisfied, only those specimens of the lot that are individually inspected for conformance to these
requirements shall be used for testing.
9.2.7 Finish machine the reduced section and notch configuration.
9.2.7.1 The entire notch shall be ground to size.
9.2.7.2 Single-point machining of the notch is not permitted.
9.2.7.3 Burnishing of the notch is not permitted.
9.2.7.4 Shot peening/blasting/mechanical cleaning of the notch during specimen manufacturing is not permitted.
9.2.8 After grinding, all specimens shall receive a stress relief bake at 375 6 25°F25 °F (190 6 14°C)14 °C) per AMS 2759/11
for 4–5 h. A suitable protection from discoloration due to surface oxidation shall be used during the stress relief bake.
9.2.9 Acid or cathodic electrolytic cleaning is prohibited.
9.2.10 Straightening after final heat treatment is prohibited.
9.3 Storage:
9.3.1 After stress relief baking, all specimens shall be protected during storage to prevent corrosion. A suitable means of protection
is to coat the specimen with a corrosion preventive compound meeting the requirements of MIL-PRF-16173, Grade 2.
9.4 Inspection:
9.4.1 A lot shall consist of those specimens cut from the same heat of steel in the same orientation, heat treated together in the
same furnace load, quenched and tempered together and subjected to the same manufacturing processes together.
9.4.2 All notched specimens in the lot shall be suitable for test purposes if the inspection results on samples from that lot conform
to the requirements of Table 1 and 9.5.
9.5 Sensitivity Test:
9.5.1 The sensitivity to hydrogen embrittlement shall be demonstrated for each lot of specimens by exposing six trial specimens
to two different embrittling environments after manufacture and inspection in accordance with Section 9.
9.5.1.1 Three specimens shall be electroplated under the highly embrittling conditions produced in a bright cadmium cyanide bath
by Treatment A (Table 2) and the remaining three specimens shall be electroplated under the less embrittling conditions of
Treatment B (Table 2). An equivalent plating/coating or imposed potential may be used only with the approval of the cognizant
engineering authority if its sensitivity is demonstrated to be equivalent to that found in Table 2.
TABLE 2 Electroplating Bath Compositions and Operating Conditions for Sensitivity Test
Item Treatment A Treatment B
Bath composition: Range Optimum
Cadmium (as CdO) 2.9 to 5.5 oz/gal (22 to 4.5 oz/gal (33.7 g/L) same as Treatment A
41 g/L)
Total Sodium cyanide 12.0 to 16.0 oz/gal (89.9 14 oz/gal (104 g/L) same as Treatment A
(NaCN) to 120 g/L)
Ratio NaCN to CdO 2.8/1 to 6.0/1 3.0/1 same as Treatment A
pH 12.0 or greater 12.0 same as Treatment A
Temperature 70–90 °F (21–32 °C) 75°F (24 °C) same as Treatment A
Sodium hydroxide 1.0 to 3.2 oz/gal (7.5 to 2.5 oz/gal (18.7 g/L) same as Treatment A
A
(NaOH) 24.0 g/L)
Brightener such as Manufacturer’s suggested range None
B
Colcad 100 or
equivalent
2 2 2 2
Electroplating current 10 A/ft (108 A/m ) 60 A/ft (645 A ⁄m )
Electroplating time 30 minutes 6 minutes
F519 − 23
TABLE 2 Continued
Item Treatment A Treatment B
Baking
Baking temperature 375 ± 25 °F (190 ± 14 °C) same as Treatment A
Baking time: Type 1 Do Not Bake 23 h
Specimen
Baking time: Type 2a 8 h 23 h
Specimen
C
Chromate Treatment Yes same as Treatment A
A
Addition of sodium hydroxide may not be required on solution makeup, since the addition of 1 oz/gal of cadmium oxide is equivalent to 0.6 oz/gal of free hydroxide.
B
The sole source of manufacture of Colcad 100 known to the committee at this time is Columbia Chemical in Brunswick, Ohio, www.columbiachemical.com. If you are
aware of alternative manufacturers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting
of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
C
After baking, the specimens shall be dipped into any appropriate chromate conversion coating solution for minimum time that will produce an adherent and continuous
coating as described in AMS-QQ-P-416 Type II.
9.5.2 Using the SLT method, each lot of specimenspecimens shall be of suitable sensitivity only if all three specimens plated by
Treatment A fracture within 24 h and none of the three specimens plated by Treatment B fracture within 200 h after applying the
sustained loads specified in Table 3.
TABLE 3 Pass/Fail Loading Requirements of Test Specimens
Type 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e 75 % of the tensile or bend NFS (Table 1).
Type 2a 92 % of the Test Methods E8/E8M, E4 ultimate
strength, obtained by deflecting a 2.300-inch diameter
O-Ring specimen with a 2.525-inch stressing bar.
9.5.3 Using the ISL test method, each lot of specimens shall be of suitable sensitivity only if all three specimens plated by
Treatment A initiate a crack at less than 50 % NFS and all of the three specimens plated by Treatment B fracture above 90% NFS
identified in Table 3. The loading profile to be used with this standard is fifteen load increments of 5 % NFS sustained for one hour
plus five increments of 5 % NFS for 2 h each or (15/5/1) + (5/5/2), which totals to a maximum of 24 hour loading profile for a
maximum anticipated load of 100 % NFS.
9.6 Certification:
9.6.1 Each lot of specimens manufactured and sold shall be certified in writing to indicate that it meets the conditions found in
this section, including the following information:
9.6.1.1 Manufacturer of specimen lot.
9.6.1.2 Steel supplier, heat number, and certificate for chemical composition and heat treatment response.
9.6.1.3 Heat treat process certification for specimen lot.
9.6.1.4 Test results for requirements in Table 1 and 9.6, including the corresponding average rupture load in units of X.XX kips
(1 kip = 1000 pounds load).
10. Procedure
10.1 Plating/coating Processes:
10.1.1 Number of Specimens—A minimum of four specimens shall be used per test.
10.1.2 Re-Use of Specimens—Test specimens produced and tested per this test method shall only be used once. Stripping and reuse
of specimens are prohibited.
10.1.3 Plating/Coating Coverage—The entire specimen with the exception of the grip areas shall be covered by plating/coating
as determined by a visual inspection.
F519 − 23
10.1.4 Masking of Grip Areas of Specimens—The grip areas of the specimens may be masked to prevent plating/coating deposit
when required to avoid interference with the test fixture. If the grip area is masked, this fact shall be reported.
10.1.5 Masking To Provide Hydrogen Escape Path—Non-porous plating/coatings such as nickel or bright cadmium can inhibit the
outward diffusion of hydrogen. Therefore, when plating specimens with these types of plating/coatings it is necessary to leave a
portion of the specimen unplated/coated so that the hydrogen can be baked out. The following guidelines are established for
masking specimens to be plated/coated with hard, non-porous coatings:
10.1.5.1 All notched Types (1a.1, 1a.2, 1b, 1c, 1d, and 1e)—The entire notch and 0.5 inch on either side of the notch shall be
plated/coated.
10.1.5.2 Type 2a Smooth Ring—Only the edges may be masked. The entire ID and OD shall be plated/coated.
10.1.6 Dimensions for Stress Calculations—The dimensions of the bare metal specimen shall be used in stress calculations.
10.1.7 SLT Method:
10.1.7.1 Load—Sustained load specimens shall be loaded in accordance with Table 3.
10.1.7.2 Time—Sustained loads shall be maintained for a minimum of 200 h. Actual fracture times may be electronically
monitored with a relay switch system.
10.1.8 The alternate, ISL accelerated test (≤24 h) as described in Annex A3 of this document and as further defined in Test Method
F1624 may be used only if specified by the cognizant engineering authority.
10.2 Service Environments:
10.2.1 The testing protocol (number, load, and time) shall be as specified in Annex A5.
11. Interpretation of Results
11.1 No Fracture—For the SLT method, a plating/coating process shall be considered non-embrittling if none of the plated/coated
specimens fracture within 200 h after loading as specified in Table 3. Self-loading specimen Types (1b, 1c, 1d and 2a) may need
to be examined using magnetic particle per Practice E1444 or liquid penetrant per Practice E1417 to determine if a crack initiated
but did not propagate due to load relaxation.
11.2 One of Four Fracture—If only one of a minimum of four specimens fractures within the 200-h200 h sustained load exposure
time, the remaining three specimens may be step loaded every 2 h in 5 % increments to 90 % of the NFS after completion of the
200-h200 h sustained load. If the three remaining specimens all sustain 90 % NFS for 2 h, the plating/coating process shall be
considered non-embrittling.
11.3 Two or More Fracture—If two or more specimens fracture within the sustained load exposure time, the plating/coating
process shall be considered embrittling.
11.4 Replacement Testing—Replacement testing shall only be conducted after the root cause of any failure has been determined
to be anomalous.
11.4.1 Root Cause Determination—A failure may be ruled anomalous if it is determined that an error was made in the
plating/coating process of the specimens or if a metallurgical examination of the fractured specimen indicates some defect in the
manufacture of the specimen.
11.4.1.1 Pre-existing specimen defects such as cracks, grinding burns, or nonmetallic inclusions can be considered a basis for
invalidation of test results and replacement testing.
11.4.1.2 Fracture at any location other than the notch invalidates the test and is a basis for replacement testing for all notched
specimens (that is, all types except 2a).
F519 − 23
11.4.2 Number of Specimens—A replacement test shall use four specimens. If any specimen fractures during the replacement test,
the plating/coating process shall be considered embrittling. If the failure is determined to be anomalous, retesting per 11.4 may be
repeated.
12. Report
12.1 A test record or report shall be produced upon completion of testing that bears the minimum information specified in 12.1.1
through 12.1.8. The testing laboratory shall provide the information required in 12.1.4 through 12.1.8 in a test record or report to
the customer that provided the specimens for testing.
12.1.1 A lot acceptance and sensitivity certification record or report in accordance with the requirements of Table 1 and 9.5 that
clearly identifies the notched fracture strength (NFS) for the specimen lot(s) being tested.
NOTE 4—The lot acceptance and sensitivity record or report may be provided by the specimen manufacturer.
12.1.2 Deviations from baseline geometry, material, temper, K , or masking practices. If samples conform to requirements, the
t
report shall so state.
12.1.3 A description of the plating/coating process used on the test specimens.
12.1.4 A description of the test environment (concentration, temperature, and so forth) if other than ambient air.
12.1.5 The sustained or threshold load applied, or percent of NFS or notch bend strength of unplated specimens, or displacement
as appropriate for the type of specimen tested.
12.1.6 The Type and number of specimens on the test frame together; their certified NFSs; details of any specimen fractures along
with associated time-off-load; and any Extended Time Under Load (ETUL).
12.1.7 The time under load in the test environments, and if fractures were observed, they shall be reported. If the test conforms
to requirements, the report shall so state.
12.1.8 If step-loading protocol of 11.2 is invoked, it shall state why with reference to fractures, and it shall be clear
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