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ASTM E1823-24a

(Terminology)

Standard Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing

Standard Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology contains definitions, definitions of terms specific to certain standards, symbols, and abbreviations approved for use in standards on fatigue and fracture testing. The definitions are preceded by two lists. The first is an alphabetical listing of symbols used. (Greek symbols are listed in accordance with their spelling in English.) The second is an alphabetical listing of relevant abbreviations.  
1.2 This terminology includes Annex A1 on Units and Annex A2 on Designation Codes for Specimen Configuration, Applied Loading, and Crack or Notch Orientation.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
14-Feb-2024
ICS
01.040.19 - Testing (Vocabularies)
19.060 - Mechanical testing
Technical Committee
E08 - Fatigue and Fracture
Drafting Committee
E08.02 - Terminology
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E1823-24 - Standard Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
Effective Date
15-Feb-2024
Refers
ASTM E647-23b - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fatigue Crack Growth Rates
Effective Date
15-Nov-2023
Refers
ASTM E647-23a - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fatigue Crack Growth Rates
Effective Date
01-Jun-2023
Referred By
ASTM E23-23a - Standard Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials
Effective Date
15-Feb-2024
Referred By
ASTM E399-23 - Standard Test Method for Linear-Elastic Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness of Metallic Materials
Effective Date
15-Feb-2024
Referred By
ASTM E1457-23 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Creep Crack Growth Times in Metals
Effective Date
15-Feb-2024
Referred By
ASTM F2706-18 - Standard Test Methods for Occipital-Cervical and Occipital-Cervical-Thoracic Spinal Implant Constructs in a Vertebrectomy Model
Effective Date
15-Feb-2024
Referred By
ASTM F2193-20 - Standard Specifications and Test Methods for Components Used in the Surgical Fixation of the Spinal Skeletal System
Effective Date
15-Feb-2024
Referred By
ASTM F1264-16e1 - Standard Specification and Test Methods for Intramedullary Fixation Devices
Effective Date
15-Feb-2024
Referred By
ASTM E2948-22 - Standard Test Method for Conducting Rotating Bending Fatigue Tests of Solid Round Fine Wire
Effective Date
15-Feb-2024
Referred By
ASTM F1541-17 - Standard Specification and Test Methods for External Skeletal Fixation Devices
Effective Date
15-Feb-2024
Referred By
ASTM E467-21 - Standard Practice for Verification of Constant Amplitude Dynamic Forces in an Axial Fatigue Testing System
Effective Date
15-Feb-2024
Referred By
ASTM E468/E468M-23a - Standard Practice for Presentation of Constant Amplitude Fatigue Test Results for Metallic Materials
Effective Date
15-Feb-2024
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ASTM E2208-02(2018)e1 - Standard Guide for Evaluating Non-Contacting Optical Strain Measurement Systems
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ASTM E2368-10(2017) - Standard Practice for Strain Controlled Thermomechanical Fatigue Testing
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REDLINE ASTM E1823-24a - Standard Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture TestingREDLINE ASTM E1823-24a - Standard Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E1823 − 24a
Standard Terminology
1
Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1823; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E399 Test Method for Linear-Elastic Plane-Strain Fracture
Toughness of Metallic Materials
1.1 This terminology contains definitions, definitions of
E436 Test Method for Drop-Weight Tear Tests of Ferritic
terms specific to certain standards, symbols, and abbreviations
Steels
approved for use in standards on fatigue and fracture testing.
E467 Practice for Verification of Constant Amplitude Dy-
The definitions are preceded by two lists. The first is an
namic Forces in an Axial Fatigue Testing System
alphabetical listing of symbols used. (Greek symbols are listed
E468 Practice for Presentation of Constant Amplitude Fa-
in accordance with their spelling in English.) The second is an
tigue Test Results for Metallic Materials
alphabetical listing of relevant abbreviations.
E561 Test Method for K Curve Determination
R
1.2 This terminology includes Annex A1 on Units and
E602 Test Method for Sharp-Notch Tension Testing with
Annex A2 on Designation Codes for Specimen Configuration,
3
Cylindrical Specimens (Withdrawn 2010)
Applied Loading, and Crack or Notch Orientation.
E604 Test Method for Dynamic Tear Testing of Metallic
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
Materials
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
E606 Test Method for Strain-Controlled Fatigue Testing
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
E647 Test Method for Measurement of Fatigue Crack
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Growth Rates
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
E739 Guide for Statistical Analysis of Linear or Linearized
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Stress-Life (S-N) and Strain-Life (ε-N) Fatigue Data
3
(Withdrawn 2024)
2. Referenced Documents
E740 Practice for Fracture Testing with Surface-Crack Ten-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
sion Specimens
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E813 Test Method for JIc, A Measure of Fracture Toughness
E23 Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Me-
E992 Practice for Determination of Fracture Toughness of
tallic Materials
Steels Using Equivalent Energy Methodology
E28 Test Methods for Softening Point of Resins Derived
E1049 Practices for Cycle Counting in Fatigue Analysis
from Pine Chemicals and Hydrocarbons, by Ring-and-
E1152 Test Method for Determining-J-R-Curves
Ball Apparatus
E1221 Test Method for Determining Plane-Strain Crack-
E208 Test Method for Conducting Drop-Weight Test to
Arrest Fracture Toughness, K , of Ferritic Steels
Ia
Determine Nil-Ductility Transition Temperature of Fer-
E1290 Test Method for Crack-Tip Opening Displacement
ritic Steels
(CTOD) Fracture Toughness Measurement (Withdrawn
E338 Test Method of Sharp-Notch Tension Testing of High-
3
3
2013)
Strength Sheet Materials (Withdrawn 2010)
E1304 Test Method for Plane-Strain (Chevron-Notch) Frac-
ture Toughness of Metallic Materials
E1450 Test Method for Tension Testing of Structural Alloys
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E08 on Fatigue
in Liquid Helium
and Fracture and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E08.02 on Terminol-
E1457 Test Method for Measurement of Creep Crack
ogy.
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2024. Published April 2024. Originally
Growth Times in Metals
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2024 as E1823 – 24. DOI:
E1681 Test Method for Determining Threshold Stress Inten-
10.1520/E1823-24A.
2 sity Factor for Environment-Assisted Cracking of Metallic
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Materials
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
E1737 Test Method forJ-Integral Characterization of Frac-
the ASTM website.
3
3 ture Toughness (Withdrawn 1998)
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. E1820 Test Method for Measurement of Fracture Toughness
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1823 − 24a
E1921 Test Method for Determination of Reference
Symbol Term
Temperature
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1823 − 24 E1823 − 24a
Standard Terminology
1
Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1823; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology contains definitions, definitions of terms specific to certain standards, symbols, and abbreviations approved
for use in standards on fatigue and fracture testing. The definitions are preceded by two lists. The first is an alphabetical listing
of symbols used. (Greek symbols are listed in accordance with their spelling in English.) The second is an alphabetical listing of
relevant abbreviations.
1.2 This terminology includes Annex A1 on Units and Annex A2 on Designation Codes for Specimen Configuration, Applied
Loading, and Crack or Notch Orientation.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E23 Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials
E28 Test Methods for Softening Point of Resins Derived from Pine Chemicals and Hydrocarbons, by Ring-and-Ball Apparatus
E208 Test Method for Conducting Drop-Weight Test to Determine Nil-Ductility Transition Temperature of Ferritic Steels
3
E338 Test Method of Sharp-Notch Tension Testing of High-Strength Sheet Materials (Withdrawn 2010)
E399 Test Method for Linear-Elastic Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness of Metallic Materials
E436 Test Method for Drop-Weight Tear Tests of Ferritic Steels
E467 Practice for Verification of Constant Amplitude Dynamic Forces in an Axial Fatigue Testing System
E468 Practice for Presentation of Constant Amplitude Fatigue Test Results for Metallic Materials
E561 Test Method for K Curve Determination
R
3
E602 Test Method for Sharp-Notch Tension Testing with Cylindrical Specimens (Withdrawn 2010)
E604 Test Method for Dynamic Tear Testing of Metallic Materials
E606 Test Method for Strain-Controlled Fatigue Testing
E647 Test Method for Measurement of Fatigue Crack Growth Rates
E739 Guide for Statistical Analysis of Linear or Linearized Stress-Life (S-N) and Strain-Life (ε-N) Fatigue Data (Withdrawn
3
2024)
E740 Practice for Fracture Testing with Surface-Crack Tension Specimens
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E08 on Fatigue and Fracture and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E08.02 on Terminology.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2024Feb. 15, 2024. Published April 2024. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 20232024 as
E1823 – 23.E1823 – 24. DOI: 10.1520/E1823-24.10.1520/E1823-24A.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1823 − 24a
E813 Test Method for JIc, A Measure of Fracture Toughness
E992 Practice for Determination of Fracture Toughness of Steels Using Equivalent Energy Methodology
E1049 Practices for Cycle Counting in Fatigue Analysis
E1152 Test Method for Determining-J-R-Curves
E1221 Test Method for Determining Plane-Strain Crack-Arrest Fracture Toughness, K , of Ferritic Steels
Ia
3
E1290 Test Method for Crack-Tip Opening Displacement (CTOD) Fracture Toughness Measurement (Withdrawn 2013)
E1304 Test Method for Plane-Strain (Chevron-Notch) Fracture Toughness of Metallic Materials
E1450 Test Method for Tension Testing of Structural Alloys in Liquid Helium
E1457 Test Method for Measurement of Creep Crack Growth Times in Metals
E1681 Test Method for Determining Threshold Stress Intensity Factor for Environment-Assisted Cracking of Metallic Materials
3
E1737 Test Method forJ-Integral Characterization of Fracture Tough
...

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5.1 Some PFAS have been implicated in adverse human health impacts (4, 5, 6). Therefore, quantifying PFAS concentrations in indoor air is important for accurate and meaningful exposure analysis and risk assessments.  
5.2 PFAS found in air can have a wide range of chemical characteristics that will impact sampling practice selection. For example, estimated vapor pressure values can vary by ten orders of magnitude, while estimated Henry’s Law constants can vary by five orders of magnitude (Table 1). This means that sampling and analytical methods that are appropriate for one PFAS compound may not be appropriate for other PFAS compounds. Hence, prior to sampling and selecting analytic methods for PFAS measurement in indoor air, it is critical to establish that the chosen PFAS sampling method(s) is appropriate for the target compound(s), the sampling location, and the environmental conditions.  
5.3 The measurement of PFAS in indoor air is an active and growing research topic. Understanding of PFAS properties, sampling and analytic approaches and techniques is constantly evolving. This includes the determination of physical-chemical properties of many PFAS, which may not even have been measured experimentally or which have a wide range of experimentally determined properties (that is, 8:2 FTOH in Table 1). This guide describes methods that are in use at the time of publication.  
5.4 PFAS in indoor air may come from a wide range of sources, including consumer products, building materials, food packaging, outdoor air, and other miscellaneous sources. PFAS is also commonly quantified in indoor dust. There are several methods that quantify these chemicals in solid and liquid media including, but not limited to Guide E3302, Test Method D7968, Test Method D7979, Test Method D8421, Test Method D8535, US EPA 533, and US EPA 537.1. US EPA OTM-45 quantifies some PFAS in the combined gas and particle phases of stationary sources, such as incinerator stack sampling.  
5.5 Thi...
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1.1 This guide describes methods for determining Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) concentrations in indoor air.  
1.2 This guide is focused on PFAS measurement technologies applicable to indoor air (including in vehicles and indoor workplaces) and other relevant air volumes such as, air in chambers, bags, or both. The described technologies were developed for indoor air; they may or may not be applicable to other types of air samples.  
1.3 This guide describes available technologies and methods that can be used to measure indoor air PFAS concentrations in the gaseous or particulate phases, or both, in indoor air.  
1.4 This guide describes each method and its advantages and limitations.  
1.5 This guide does not attempt to differentiate between the effectiveness of the methods nor determine equivalence of the methods.  
1.6 The sorbent-based sampling strategies addressed in this guide are for PFAS compounds with a molecular mass greater than 200 g mol-1 (1, 2, 3).2 Compounds less than 200 g mol-1, such as CF4, C2F6, or PFAS degradation products may require real-time analytical methods described in this guide or other methods that are not presented here.  
1.7 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E2180-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining the Activity of Incorporated Antimicrobial Agent(s) In Polymeric or Hydrophobic Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This method can be used to evaluate effectiveness of incorporated/bound antimicrobials in hydrophobic materials such as plastics, epoxy resins, as well as other hard surfaces.  
5.2 The aqueous based bacterial inoculum remains in close, uniform contact in a “pseudo-biofilm” state with the treated material. The percent reduction in the surviving populations of challenge bacterial cells at 24 h versus those recovered from a non-treated control is determined.  
5.3 The hydrophobic substrate may be repeatedly tested over time for assessment of persistent antimicrobial activity.
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1.1 This test method is designed to evaluate (quantitatively) the antimicrobial effectiveness of agents incorporated or bound into or onto mainly flat (two dimensional) hydrophobic or polymeric surfaces. The method focuses primarily on assessing antibacterial activity; however, other microorganisms such as yeast and fungal conidia may be tested using this method.  
1.2 The vehicle for the inoculum is an agar slurry which reduces the surface tension of the saline inoculum carrier and allows formation of a “pseudo-biofilm,” providing more even contact of the inoculum with the test surface.
Note 1: This test method facilitates the testing of hydrophobic surfaces by utilizing cells held in an agar slurry matrix. This test method, as written, is inappropriate to determine efficacy against biofilm cells, which are different both genetically and metabolically than planktonic cells used in this test.  
1.3 This method can confirm the presence of antimicrobial activity in plastics or hydrophobic surfaces and allows determination of quantitative differences in antimicrobial activity between untreated plastics or polymers and those with bound or incorporated low water-soluble antimicrobial agents. Comparisons between the numbers of survivors on preservative-treated and control hydrophobic surfaces may also be made.  
1.4 The procedure also permits determination of “shelf-life” or long term durability of an antimicrobial treatment which may be achieved through testing both non-washed and washed samples over a time span.  
1.5 Knowledge of microbiological techniques is required for these procedures.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C1012/C1012M-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Length Change of Hydraulic-Cement Mortars Exposed to a Sulfate Solution

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method provides a means of assessing the sulfate resistance of mortars made using portland cement, blends of portland cement with pozzolans or slags, and blended hydraulic cements. Test Method C452 is suitable for evaluating portland cements but not blended cements or blends of portland cement with pozzolans or slags.  
3.2 The standard exposure solution used in this test method, unless otherwise directed, contains 352 moles of Na2SO4 per m3(50 g/L). Other sulfate concentrations or other sulfates such as MgSO4 may be used to simulate the environmental exposure of interest. Further discussion of these and other technical issues is given in the Appendix.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of length change of mortar bars immersed in a sulfate solution. Mortar bars made using mortar described in Test Method C109/C109M are cured until they attain a compressive strength of 20.0 MPa ± 1.0 MPa [3000 psi ± 150 psi], as measured using cubes made of the same mortar, before the bars are immersed.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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