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ASTM D3501-94(2000)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Wood-Based Structural Panels in Compression

Standard Test Methods for Wood-Based Structural Panels in Compression

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the compression properties of wood-based structural panels. Wood-based structural panels in use include plywood, waferboard, oriented strand board, and composites of veneer and of wood-based layers.
1.2 Method A, Compression Test for Small Specimens--This method is applicable to small specimens that are uniform with respect to elastic and strength properties. Two types of compression tests are employed: one to evaluate both elastic and compressive strength properties, and the second to evaluate maximum compressive strength only.
1.3 Method B, Compression Test for Large Specimens--This method employs large specimens and responds well to manufacturing variables and growth characteristics that influence compression properties of structural panels.
1.3.1 This method is intended for the following:
1.3.1.1 Comparative tests of structural panels,
1.3.1.2 Evaluating the effects of moisture content on strength properties of structural panels,
1.3.1.3 Determining the strength properties of structural panels, and
1.3.1.4 Evaluating the effects of raw material and manufacturing variables on compression properties of structural panels.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-1999
ICS
79.060.10 - Plywood
Technical Committee
D07 - Wood
Drafting Committee
D07.03 - Panel Products
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D3501-94 - Standard Test Methods for Wood-Based Structural Panels in Compression
Effective Date
01-Jan-2000
Replaced By
ASTM D3501-05 - Standard Test Methods for Wood-Based Structural Panels in Compression
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM D5457-23 - Standard Specification for Computing Reference Resistance of Wood-Based Materials and Structural Connections for Load and Resistance Factor Design
Effective Date
01-Jan-2000
Referred By
ASTM D7033-22 - Standard Practice for Establishing Design Capacities for Oriented Strand Board (OSB) Wood-Based Structural-Use Panels
Effective Date
01-Jan-2000
Referred By
ASTM D1037-12(2020) - Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Properties of Wood-Base Fiber and Particle Panel Materials
Effective Date
01-Jan-2000

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ASTM D3501-94(2000) - Standard Test Methods for Wood-Based Structural Panels in CompressionASTM D3501-94(2000) - Standard Test Methods for Wood-Based Structural Panels in Compression
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ASTM D3501-94(2000) - Standard Test Methods for Wood-Based Structural Panels in Compression
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D3501–94 (Reapproved2000)
Standard Test Methods for
Wood-Based Structural Panels in Compression
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3501; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3. Significance and Use
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the 3.1 These methods determine the compressive strength of
compression properties of wood-based structural panels. structural panels in response to stresses acting in the plane of
Wood-based structural panels in use include plywood, wafer- the panel.
board, oriented strand board, and composites of veneer and of 3.2 Method A—This method is applicable to structural
wood-based layers. panels of uniform properties within a panel. It is useful for
1.2 MethodA, Compression Test for Small Specimens—This evaluating plywood of clear, straight-grained veneers and
method is applicable to small specimens that are uniform with determining the effect of chemical or preservative treatments,
respect to elastic and strength properties. Two types of com- construction, principal direction with respect to direction of
pression tests are employed: one to evaluate both elastic and stress, and other variables that are expected to uniformly
compressive strength properties, and the second to evaluate influence the panel.
maximum compressive strength only. 3.3 Method B:
1.3 Method B, Compression Test for Large Specimens— 3.3.1 The compressive properties obtained by this method
This method employs large specimens and responds well to are a reliable approximation of the strength of a full-size panel,
manufacturing variables and growth characteristics that influ- and are intended for use in design.
ence compression properties of structural panels. 3.3.2 The compressive properties are influenced by buck-
1.3.1 This method is intended for the following: ling;however,thiseffectiseliminatedinthistestbyrestraining
1.3.1.1 Comparative tests of structural panels, the edges of the specimens.
1.3.1.2 Evaluating the effects of moisture content on 3.4 It is recommended that where comparisons are to be
strength properties of structural panels, made, that the same method and specimen size be used
1.3.1.3 Determining the strength properties of structural throughout. This is because the volume of material included in
panels, and a test specimen can influence the compressive strength regard-
1.3.1.4 Evaluating the effects of raw material and manufac- less of whether the material properties are uniform throughout
turing variables on compression properties of structural panels. the sheet or vary widely due to the presence of growth or
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the manufacturing features.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4. Control of Moisture Content
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 Condition structural panel samples to be tested at a
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. specific moisture content or relative humidity to approximate
constant weight in controlled atmospheric conditions before
2. Referenced Documents
testing. For panels used under dry conditions, a relative
2.1 ASTM Standards: humidityof65 62 %atatemperatureof68 66°F(20 63°C)
D 2395 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Wood and is preferred.
Wood-Base Materials
5. Variables Influencing the Compressive Properties of
D 4442 TestMethodsforDirectMoistureContentMeasure-
Structural Panels
ment of Wood and Wood-Base Materials
5.1 Moisture Content—Cut a moisture content sample hav-
2 2
ing minimum area of 2 in. (13 cm ) from the clear areas of the
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on
specimen and weigh immediately after each test. Moisture
Wood and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.03 on Panel Products.
content samples from large specimens of Method B shall have
Current edition approved July 15, 1994. Published September 1994. Originally
2 2
minimum area of 8 in. (52 cm ). If inspection of the edges of
published as D 3501 – 76. Last previous edition D 3501 – 76(1986).
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.10. a plywood panel reveals the presence of a knot in any ply,
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D3501
select a second sample. Moisture content samples also serving than the thickness. The length shall be not greater than seven
as specific gravity samples shall be free of voids. Moisture times the least cross-sectional dimension.
content determinations shall be made in accordance with Test 7.2.2 For Material ⁄4 in. (6 mm) or Less in Thickness,the
Methods D 4442. specimen shall have the following dimensions: thickness equal
5.2 Specific Gravity—Determine specific gravity in accor- to that of the material; the width nominally 1 in. (25 mm); and
dance with Test Methods D 2395. The specimen may be the length 4 in. (100 mm). Such specimens shall be supported
same as that for moisture content determination but must have laterally throughout the test.
3 3
volume of at least 1 in. (16 cm ) if from small specimens, and 7.2.3 When tests to evaluate maximum compressive
3 3
at least 3 in. (49 cm ) if from large specimens and be free of strength only are required, an alternative type of specimen 4 in.
visible knots or voids. (100 mm) in width and a length equal to six times the thickness
may be used.
METHOD A—COMPRESSION TEST
7.2.4 The end surfaces of the specimen shall be smooth and
FOR SMALL SPECIMENS
parallel to each other and at right angles to the length.
6. Direction of Grain, Fibers, or Layers
8. Evaluation of Both Compressive Strength and Elastic
Properties
6.1 The direction of the individual plies, laminations, or
layers shall be parallel, perpendicular, or inclined at any other
8.1 Support laterally test specimens ⁄4 in. (6 mm) or less in
required angle to the length of the test specimen. thickness intended for use in obtaining load deformation data
to prevent buckling during the test, but do not exert undue
7. Test Specimen
pressure against the sides of the specimen. This support shall
not measurably restrain the normal compressive deformation
7.1 The test specimen shall be rectangular in cross section.
under load. A satisfactory method of providing lateral support
The thickness, width, and length of each specimen shall be
is illustrated in Fig. 1, and a detailed design of this apparatus
measured to an accuracy of not less than 60.3 % or 0.001 in.
is shown in Fig. 2.
(0.02 mm), whichever is larger.
7.2 When tests to evaluate both elastic and compressive
9. Loading Procedure
strength properties are required, the size of the specimens shall
be as follows: 9.1
...

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4.1 This test method is most useful for determining the moduli of rigidity of orthotropic materials for which moduli of rigidity cannot be computed from elastic moduli and Poisson's ratios. The shear modulus determined by this method appears in the equation governing the bending of a plate. This is the modulus that is needed in discussing the deflection and buckling of plates.
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1.4.3.3 Determination of tensile properties of panels for use in developing structural recommendations.  
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3.1 These methods determine the compressive strength of structural panels in response to stresses acting in the plane of the panel.  
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1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the compression properties of wood-based structural panels. Wood-based structural panels in use include plywood, waferboard, oriented strand board, and composites of veneer and of wood-based layers.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Planar shear (rolling shear) characteristics of structural panels determined by these test methods are essential for the rigorous design of various glued wood-panel structural components, such as box beams, folded plate roofs, and stressed skin panels. Planar shear also may govern the design at low span-depth ratios encountered in floors subjected to high concentrated loads, concrete forms at high pouring pressures, and bulk storage structures.  
3.2 The modulus of rigidity determined from Test Method A is a composite of the entire specimen acting as a unit. For plywood panels for which the ratio between the shear moduli of the plies with grain oriented parallel and perpendicular to the shear forces is known, the rolling shear modulus of the perpendicular plies can be calculated.  
3.3 Veneer produced by slicing or rotary peeling may contain fine checks or separations parallel to the grain on the knife side of the veneer that are produced as the knife is forced through the wood. These checks are termed “knife checks” to distinguish them from occasional checks that may be formed on the opposite side of the veneer by forces at the compression bar, and from checks caused by drying. Knife checks can have a significant effect on rolling shear properties in plywood panels and may be of significance in other veneer containing panels. Test Method A requires (when applicable) the testing of matching specimens having knife checks oriented both open and closed wherever possible (see Fig. 1).  
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1.3.2 Test Method B—Planar shear induced by five-point bending.  
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4.1 This test method is most useful for determining the moduli of rigidity of orthotropic materials for which moduli of rigidity cannot be computed from elastic moduli and Poisson's ratios. The shear modulus determined by this method appears in the equation governing the bending of a plate. This is the modulus that is needed in discussing the deflection and buckling of plates.
Note 2: Test Methods D2718 describes a plate method for determination of modulus of rigidity of structural panels.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the shear modulus of wood-based structural panels associated with shear distortion in the plane of the panels. The method is applicable to all types of wood-based structural panels. The grain direction or orientation of the individual plies, laminations, or layers shall be parallel or perpendicular to the edge of the test specimen. If the plies, laminations, or layers are of different material or elastic properties, the method gives the effective shearing modulus. Wood-based structural panels in use include plywood, oriented strand board, and composites of veneer and of wood-based layers.  
Note 1: This test method is primarily designed for material in which the grain or orientation of the individual plies, laminations, or layers is parallel or perpendicular to the edge of the specimen. It may be used, however, for plywood specimens in which the grain is at 45° to the specimen edges if a four-ply panel with all plies of the same thickness is used. The controlling condition is that the EI (modulus of elasticity × moment of inertia) values along both diagonals shall be equal.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D3500-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Wood Structural Panels in Tension

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 These test methods determine the tensile properties of wood structural panels in response to stresses acting in the plane of the panel.  
3.2 Test Method A—This test method is suited to material that is uniform with respect to tensile properties. It is normally applied to wood structural panels and plywood of clear, straight-grained veneers. It may also be used to evaluate the strength of scarf and finger joints and other manufacturing process variables that can be expected to influence the tensile properties of wood structural panels in a uniform manner across the width of the sheet.  
3.3 Test Method B—This test method employs large test specimens and responds well to all manufacturing variables and growth characteristics that affect the tensile properties of wood structural panels.  
3.4 It is recommended that where comparisons are to be made that the same test method and specimen size be used throughout. This is because the volume of material included in a test specimen can influence the tensile strength regardless of whether the material properties are uniform throughout the sheet or vary widely due to the presence of growth or manufacturing features.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the tensile properties of wood structural panels.  
1.2 Wood structural panels in use include plywood, oriented strand board and composites of veneer, and other wood-based layers.  
1.3 Test Method A, Tensile Test for Small Specimens:  
1.3.1 This test method employs small specimens that should have a reduced cross section at the center of their length to avoid failure in the grip area. The transition from full width of specimen to reduced section at the center should be gradual to minimize stress concentration.  
1.3.2 When the measurements of elastic properties are to be made, the length of the reduced cross section at the center should be of sufficient length to accommodate an extensometer.  
1.4 Test Method B, Tensile Test for Large Specimens:  
1.4.1 This test method employs large specimens and responds well to manufacturing variables, panel grade characteristics, and other variables influencing the tensile properties of structural panels.  
1.4.2 The test specimens are large enough to contain the maximum sized grade characteristics found in panels. The test specimens have a constant cross section since the size and location of grade characteristics control the location of failures and the effect of stress concentration at the grips is overshadowed.  
1.4.3 This test method is recommended for the following:
1.4.3.1 Comparative tests of wood structural panels,
1.4.3.2 Determining the influence of any specific strength reducing variables on the tensile properties of wood structural panels,
1.4.3.3 Determination of tensile properties of panels for use in developing structural recommendations.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off