ASTM D4486-10
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Volatile and Reactive Liquids
Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Volatile and Reactive Liquids
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Kinematic viscosity is a physical property which is of importance in the design of systems in which flowing liquids are used or handled.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of kinematic viscosity of transparent, Newtonian liquids which because of their reactivity, instability, or volatility cannot be used in conventional capillary kinematic viscometers. This test method is applicable up to 2 × 10−5 N/m2 (2 atm) pressure and temperature range from −53 to +135°C (−65 to +275°F).
1.1.1 For the measurement of the kinematic viscosity of other liquids, see Test Method D445.
1.2 WARNINGMercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s websitehttp://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htmfor additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, and Annex A1.
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Designation: D4486 − 10
Standard Test Method for
1
Kinematic Viscosity of Volatile and Reactive Liquids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4486; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D445Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of DynamicViscos-
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of kinematic
ity)
viscosity of transparent, Newtonian liquids which because of
E1Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
their reactivity, instability, or volatility cannot be used in
conventionalcapillarykinematicviscometers.Thistestmethod
3. Terminology
−5 2
is applicable up to 2×10 N/m (2 atm) pressure and
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
temperature range from −53 to +135°C (−65 to +275°F).
3.1.1 density—the mass per unit volume of the liquid.
1.1.1 For the measurement of the kinematic viscosity of
3.1.1.1 Discussion—The cgs unit of density (ρ) has the
other liquids, see Test Method D445.
dimensions of grams per cubic centimetre. The SI unit of
1.2 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many
density has the dimensions of kilograms per cubic metre.
regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause
3.1.2 kinematic viscosity—The ratio of the viscosity to the
central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or
density of the liquid.
its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to
3.1.2.1 Discussion—For gravity flow under a given hydro-
materials.Cautionshouldbetakenwhenhandlingmercuryand
static head, the pressure head of a liquid is proportional to its
mercury containing products. See the applicable product Ma-
density ρ. For any particular viscometer, the time of flow of a
terial Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s
fixedvolumeofliquidisdirectlyproportionaltoη/ρ.Thisratio
website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for addi-
is the kinematic viscosity coefficient (ν). The cgs unit of
tional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury
kinematic viscosity is the stoke and has the dimensions of
and/or mercury containing products into your state or country
centimetre squared per second: the centistoke (0.01 St) is
may be prohibited by law.
frequently used. The SI unit of kinematic viscosity has the
2 4
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
dimensions of metre /second, and is equivalent to 10 St.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.3 viscosity—the ratio between the applied shear stress
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
and rate of shear.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.3.1 Discussion—This ratio is called the coefficient of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
viscosity. The coefficient of viscosity (η) is thus a measure of
warning statements, see 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, and Annex A1.
theresistancetoflowoftheliquid.Thisiscommonlycalledthe
viscosity of the liquid.The cgs unit of viscosity is the poise. P,
2. Referenced Documents
which has the dimensions of dyne-seconds per square centi-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: metre: the centipoise (0.01 poise) is frequently used. The SI
2
unit of viscosity has the dimensions of newton second/metre ,
and is equivalent to 10 P.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of Committee D02 on Petroleum
3.1.4 vulnerable liquid—a liquid which by reason of its
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
volatility, instability or reactivity in the presence of air or any
mittee D02.L0.07 on Engineering Sciences of High Performance Fluids and Solids
other specific gaseous medium may undergo physical or
(Formally D02.1100).
chemical changes that may affect its viscosity.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published November 2010. Originally
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D4486–91(2010).
4. Summary of Test Method
DOI: 10.1520/D4486-10.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4.1 The time is measured, in seconds, for a fixed volume of
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
liquid to flow under gravity through the capillary of the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. viscometer under a reproducible driving head and at a closely
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D4486 − 10
TABLE 1 Approximate Valu
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This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D4486–91 (Reapproved 2010) Designation:D4486–10
Standard Test Method for
1
Kinematic Viscosity of Volatile and Reactive Liquids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4486; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of kinematic viscosity of transparent, Newtonian liquids which because of their
reactivity, instability, or volatility cannot be used in conventional capillary kinematic viscometers. This test method is applicable
−5 2
up to 2 310 N/m (2 atm) pressure and temperature range from −53 to +135°C (−65 to +275°F).
1.1.1 For the measurement of the kinematic viscosity of other liquids, see Test Method D445.
1.2
1.2 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central
nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution
should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet
(MSDS) for details and EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware
that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, and Annex A1.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D2162Practice for Basic Calibration of Master Viscometers and Viscosity Oil Standards
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 density—the mass per unit volume of the liquid.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—The cgs unit of density (r) has the dimensions of grams per cubic centimetre. The SI unit of density has
the dimensions of kilograms per cubic metre.
3.1.2 kinematic viscosity—The ratio of the viscosity to the density of the liquid.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—For gravity flow under a given hydrostatic head, the pressure head of a liquid is proportional to its density
r. For any particular viscometer, the time of flow of a fixed volume of liquid is directly proportional to h/r. This ratio is the
kinematic viscosity coefficient (n). The cgs unit of kinematic viscosity is the stoke and has the dimensions of centimetre squared
2
per second: the centistoke (0.01 St) is frequently used. The SI unit of kinematic viscosity has the dimensions of metre /second,
4
and is equivalent to 10 St.
3.1.3 viscosity—the ratio between the applied shear stress and rate of shear.
3.1.3.1 Discussion—This ratio is called the coefficient of viscosity. The coefficient of viscosity (h) is thus a measure of the
resistance to flow of the liquid.This is commonly called the viscosity of the liquid.The cgs unit of viscosity is the poise. P, which
has the dimensions of dyne-seconds per square centimetre: the centipoise (0.01 poise) is frequently used. The SI unit of viscosity
2
has the dimensions of newton second/metre , and is equivalent to 10 P.
3.1.4 vulnerable liquid—a liquid which by reason of its volatility, instability or reactivity in the presence of air or any other
specific gaseous medium may undergo physical or chemical changes that may affect its viscosity.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.11 on
Engineering Sciences of High Performance Fluids and Solids.
Current edition approved Aug.Oct. 1, 2010. Published OctoberNovember 2010. Originally approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 20062010as
D4486–91(20106). DOI: 10.1520/D4486-91R10.10.1520/D4486-10.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
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...
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