ASTM F2216-03
(Specification)Standard Specification for Selectorized Strength Equipment
Standard Specification for Selectorized Strength Equipment
SCOPE
1.1 This standard establishes guidelines for the design and manufacture of selectorized strength equipment as defined in 3.1.3, 3.1.16, and 3.1.29.
1.2 This standard shall be used with its accompanying test method, Test Method for Evaluating Design and Performance Characteristics of Selectorized Strength Equipment.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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An American National Standard
Designation: F 2216 – 03
Standard Specification for
Selectorized Strength Equipment
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2216; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The goal of this standard is to promote proper design and manufacturing practices for selectorized
strength equipment. Through these specifications this standard aims to assist designers and
manufacturers in producing functional, safe machines under proper operations. The equipment user
must recognize, however, that a standard alone will not necessarily prevent injuries. Like other
physical activities, exercise involving selectorized strength training equipment involves the risk of
injury, particularly if the equipment is used improperly.
1. Scope B29.1 Precision PowerTransmission Roller Chains,Attach-
ments and Sprockets
1.1 This standard establishes guidelines for the design and
manufacture of selectorized strength equipment as defined in
3. Terminology
3.1.6, 3.1.16, and 3.1.29.
3.1 Definitions:
1.2 This standard shall be used with its accompanying test
3.1.1 accessible area—exposed, n—area within reach of the
method, Test Method for Evaluating Design and Performance
user or third party when the machine is engaged during
Characteristics of Selectorized Strength Equipment.
entrance, use and termination of the exercise movement.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.1.2 accessible area—obscured, n—area inaccessible to
standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
the user of the machine but accessible to technicians or service
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
personnel.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.3 assist means, n—the mechanism that the user engages
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
on the machine to assist them in getting into and out of the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
loaded starting position.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.4 cam, n—a rotational component controlling the resis-
2. Referenced Documents tance to the user.
3.1.5 catch point, n—location at which edges, protrusions
2.1 ASTM Standards:
or surfaces allow a body part to become injured.
F 1749 Specification for Fitness Equipment and Fitness
3.1.6 consumer selectorized strength equipment,
Facility Safety Signage and Labels
n—selectorized strength equipment intended for home use or
2.2 European Standards:
for use in a home environment.
EN 957-1 Stationary Training Equipment—Part 1: General
3.1.6.1 Discussion—Since significant differences can arise
Safety Requirements and Test Methods
between consumer and institutional selectorized strength
EN 957-2 Stationary Training Equipment—Part 2: Strength
equipment, the products must be clearly identified as not for
Training Equipment, Additional Specific Safety Require-
3 commercial use.
ments and Test Methods
3.1.7 corner, n—the intersection of three planes or surfaces
2.3 ANSI Standard:
on a single component.
3.1.8 edge, n—the intersection of two planes or surfaces on
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F08 on Sports a single component.
Equipment and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.30 on
Fitness Products.
Current edition approved Jan. 10, 2003. Published February 2003.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.07.
3 4
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F2216–03
3.1.9 extrinsic loading, n—all loads applied to the machine such means include: weights, pneumatic cylinders, or elec-
or user means in addition to the users body weight. tronic systems and their controls.
3.1.10 facility safety sign, n—a sign meeting the guidelines
3.1.27 rope, n—for the purpose of this specification, a cord
set forth in Specification F 1749 alerting facility users to the comprised of intertwisted synthetic or natural fibers or steel
potential hazards associated with institutional fitness equip-
wiresusedforthetransmittalofloadfromtheresistancemeans
ment. to the user means.
3.1.11 field of view, n—the field of view of the user defined 3.1.28 selector pin, n—the component used to select resis-
by an arc of 150°. Seventy five degrees on each side of the
tance on weight based selectorized strength equipment.
median plane.
3.1.29 selectorized strength equipment, n—strength equip-
3.1.12 fitness equipment, n—a machine or bench designed
ment where the resistance means is an integral part of the
for use in exercising specific or multiple muscles of the body.
machine and may be varied easily by the user.
3.1.13 foot support, n—the machine component(s) contact-
3.1.30 shear point, n—location at which parts move past
ing the user’s feet during operation, entry, and exit from the
one another or past a fixed point in such a manner that when
machine.
entered, causes a portion of the body to become caught in a
3.1.14 general warning label, n—a label designed within scissors action between the components.
the scope of this specification and Specification F 1749 which
3.1.31 site specific label, n—a label designed within the
is affixed to a portion of the strength equipment and draws
scope of this specification and Specification F 1749 which is
attention to potential hazards associated with use of that
affixed to a portion of the strength equipment and draws
equipment.
attention to a potential hazard in the immediate area of the
3.1.15 guard, n—a cover or enclosure that prevents access, label.
without the use of tools, into an otherwise accessible area.
3.1.32 strength equipment, n—fitness equipment designed
3.1.16 institutional strength equipment, n—strength equip-
to strengthen one or more groups of muscles anaerobically.
ment intended for use by numerous persons in a commercial or
3.1.33 third party, n—someoneotherthantheuserwhoisin
institutional facility, as opposed to home environment.
the immediate area of the machine.
3.1.17 integral handgrip, n—a location grasped by the user
3.1.34 training envelope, n—the maximum space through
during performance of the exercise that is contained within
which the user and the machine components traverse when the
another component(s) of the machine.
machine is operated in accordance with the instructions.
3.1.18 intrinsic loading, n—the loads applied to the ma-
3.1.35 user means, n—the movable component or assembly
chine due only to the body weight of the user.
that the user contacts to perform the exercise.
3.1.19 maximum specified load, n—the maximum working
3.1.36 user support means, n—the portion of the machine
load for the machine as set forth by the manufacturer.
(seat, platform, etc.) that supports the user while the user is
3.1.20 maximum tension developed, n—the maximum static
performing the exercise.
tensile load experienced by a connector, fitting, rope, belt, or
chain during use of the machine at the maximum specified load
4. General Requirements
for the machine including all extrinsic loads.
4.1 Stability—Selectorized strength training equipment
3.1.21 median plane, n—a plane of reference that divides
shall be stable in the unloaded, intrinsically and extrinsically
the midline of the body of the user into equal right and left
loaded conditions.
halves.
4.2 Construction:
3.1.22 pinch point, n—the location between two moving
4.2.1 Edges and Corners:
components or the location between a moving and fixed
4.2.1.1 Edges—All edges in accessible areas shall be free of
component that, when entered, causes a portion of the body to
burrs and lack sharpness.
become entrapped.
4.2.1.2 Corners—All corners in accessible areas shall be
3.1.23 pulley, n—a component that guides, ropes or belts
radiused or chamfered.
and redirects forces from the resistance device to the cam or
user means, or both.
4.2.2 Tube Ends and Open Holes—Tube ends and open
holes in the exposed accessible areas shall be closed off either
3.1.24 pull-in point, n—thelocationbetweentwomovingor
by other components or by plugs. Openings smaller than 9.5
rotating components, or the location between a moving or
mm (0.37 in.) or holes that are required for the adjustment of
rotating and fixed component that, when entered, causes a
the machine into and out of a use position are exempt from this
portion of the body to be pulled into and trapped between the
requirement.
components.
3.1.25 range of movement, n—the space in which the user 4.2.3 Weights—Weights shall move only when displaced
or part of the user is moving when using the machine in intentionally. Weights shall move freely along their guide
means and return to the resting point. The travel of the weights
accordance to the instructions supplied by the manufacturer.
shall be controlled by the user such that no uncontrolled
3.1.26 resistance means, n—for the purpose of this specifi-
pendulum swing shall occur.
cation, the device or system that, when varied by the user,
increases or decreases the force encountered by the user 4.2.4 Weight Selection Pin—Weight selection pins shall be
through the user means. For the purpose of this specification, fitted with a positive retention means.
F2216–03
4.2.5 Adjustment and Locking Means—All adjustment and 4.3.1 General Comments—Unlike other machinery, selec-
locking means shall function securely. The possibility of torized strength equipment is fully controlled by the user of the
inadvertent disengagement shall be reduced by spring reten- equipment. It is therefore assumed that the user shall take
tion, clamps or other means.Adjustment knobs and levers shall responsibility for his/her actions while using the machine and
not interfere with the user’s range of movement. can prevent the inadvertent contact with machine components
within the user’s field of view by the user or a third party by
4.2.6 Handgrips:
stopping the exercise or movement of the machine. For this
4.2.6.1 Integral Handgrips—Integral handgrips, if required
reason, the discussion of entrapment points is broken down
for proper use as defined by the manufacturer, shall be
into “within” and “outside” the field of view of the user.
conspicuous and shall reduce slippage during normal use.
Wherever possible, the design of movable components shall
4.2.6.2 AppliedHandgrips—Appliedhandgripsshallbeofa
avoid catch, shear or pull-in points.
material that reduces slippage and shall withstand an applied
In general, the fingers are the body components most likely
pulling force of 90 N (20.2 lb) without movement in the
to be injured. The primary exception to this is weight stacks
direction of the applied pulling force.
where feet or hands, or both, could also be injured. Weight
4.2.6.3 Rotating Handgrips—Rotating handgrips shall be
stacks shall be spaced less than 9.5 mm (0.375 in.) or greater
constrainedagainstlateralmovementalongtheirrotationalaxis
than 25 mm (0.98 in.) from any fixed frame member. This
and be constructed of a material that reduces slippage.
spacing shall remain constant through the travel range of the
4.2.7 Machine Ingress and Egress—If the user cannot (after
weight stack. Weight stacks shall be spaced at least 25 mm
adjusting the machine according to the manufacturer’s instruc-
(0.98 in.) from the base frame of the machine. Strength
tions) attain the loaded starting position for the machine, then
equipment that includes weight stack enclosures designed in
the machine shall be provided with an assist means.
accordance with 4.4 as a permanent feature of the machine are
4.2.8 Foot Support—Bars or plates designed to support the
exempt from this requirement, provided that the enclosure
user’s feet during exercise or to assist in ingress/egress from
extends past the rest position of the bottom weight plate.
the machine shall be fitted with or be of a material or surface
The user means or other moving components, or both, shall
type or configuration that reduces slippage.
not pass within 60 mm (2.36 in.) of the moving weight stack
4.2.9 Ropes, Belts, Chains, or Other Means:
during the normal operation of the machine, as defined in the
4.2.9.1 General—Ropes, belts, chains, and other means,
instructions provided by the manufacturer. Mechanical stops
including all attachment devices (links, shackles, end fittings, are generally provided at one or both extremes of the user
and termination means) shall not fail with a load equal to six
means range of travel. Since the user means will contact the
times the maximum static tension developed by the machine stops at these locations, they are excluded from the clearance
during operation and shall pass the endurance guidelines set
requirements. However, if the stop is physically part of the
forth in 4.5.3. All end terminations shall not be subjected to moving user means, then it shall pass no closer than 25 mm
cyclic bending under normal machine operation as defined by
(0.98 in.) to any fixed frame members throughout its range of
the manufacturer. travel.
4.2.9.2 Chains—Chains for selectorized strength equipment If the machine framework or the user’s body placement,
shall meet the general requirements of ANSI B29.1. whileusingthemachineinaccordancewiththemanufacturer’s
instructions, prevents the uncontrolled access of a third party
4.2.10 Pulleys—Pulleys for rope/belt drive machines shall
into the area of concern, then guarding is not required. The
rotate freely under all extrinsic loads.
user’s body shall prevent access throughout the entire exercise
4.2.10.1 Wire Rope Pulleys—The groove radius, r, of the
range of motion.
pulley for wire rope driven machines shall meet the wire rope
4.3.2 Outside the Field of View—To a height of 1800 mm
manufacturer’s guidelines, allow for passing of the endurance
(70.8 in.), the distance between movable components or
guidelines set forth in 4.5.3 or lie within the range given by the
between a movable and fixed component shall be at least 60
following equation, or both:
mm (2.36 in.) when other than the fingers are at risk. This
C C
d d
15%to 1 15 % (1)
dimension may be reduced to no less than 25 mm (0.98 in.)
2 2
when only the fingers are at risk. If the spacing between
with C /2 + 10 % being the optimum. C is defined as the
d d moving components or between fixed and moving components
nominal wire rope diame
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