ASTM D5587-14
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by Trapezoid Procedure
Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by Trapezoid Procedure
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments because current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable, and this test method is used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.
5.2 If there are differences of practical significance between test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative test should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use the samples for such a comparative test that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing. Randomly assign the samples in equal numbers to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
5.3 The trapezoid tear produces tension along a reasonably defined course such that the tear propagates across the width of the specimen. It is useful for estimating the relative tear resistance of different fabrics or different directions in the same fabric.
5.4 Depending on the nature of the specimen, the data recording devices will show the tearing force in the form of a peak or peaks. The highest peaks appear to reflect the strength of the yarn components, individually or in combination, needed to stop a tear in fabrics of the same construction. The valleys recorded between the peaks have no specific significance. The minimum tearing force, however, is indicated to be above the lowest valleys.
5.5 Most textile fabrics can be tested by this test method. Some modification of clamping techniques may be necessary for a given fabric, depending upon its structure. Strong fabrics or fabrics...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the tearing strength of textile fabrics by the trapezoid procedure using a recording constant-rate-of-extension-type (CRE) tensile testing machine.
1.1.1 The CRE-type tensile testing machine has become the preferred test apparatus for determining trapezoid tearing strength. It is recognized that some constant-rate-of-traverse-type (CRT) tensile testing machines continue to be used. Consequently, these test instruments may be used when agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier. The conditions for use of the CRT-type tensile tester are included in Appendix X1.
1.2 This test method applies to most fabrics including woven fabrics, air bag fabrics, blankets, napped fabrics, knitted fabrics, layered fabrics, pile, and nonwoven fabrics. The fabrics may be untreated, heavily sized, coated, resin-treated, or otherwise treated. Instructions are provided for testing specimens with or without wetting.
1.3 Tearing strength, as measured in this test method, requires that the tear be initiated before testing. The reported value obtained is not directly related to the force required to initiate or start a tear.
1.4 Two calculations for trapezoid tearing strength are provided: the single-peak force and the average of five highest peak forces.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in inch-pound units may be approximate.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D5587 − 14
StandardTest Method for
1
Tearing Strength of Fabrics by Trapezoid Procedure
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5587; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the tearing 2.1 ASTM Standards:
D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
strength of textile fabrics by the trapezoid procedure using a
recordingconstant-rate-of-extension-type(CRE)tensiletesting D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D629 Test Methods for Quantitative Analysis of Textiles
machine.
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
1.1.1 The CRE-type tensile testing machine has become the
D2904 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile Test
preferred test apparatus for determining trapezoid tearing
Method that Produces Normally Distributed Data (With-
strength. It is recognized that some constant-rate-of-traverse-
3
drawn 2008)
type (CRT) tensile testing machines continue to be used.
D2906 Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias for
Consequently, these test instruments may be used when agreed
3
Textiles (Withdrawn 2008)
upon between the purchaser and the supplier. The conditions
D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test
for use of the CRT-type tensile tester are included in Appendix
Methods
X1.
1.2 This test method applies to most fabrics including
3. Terminology
wovenfabrics,airbagfabrics,blankets,nappedfabrics,knitted
3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.59, Fabric Test
fabrics, layered fabrics, pile, and nonwoven fabrics. The
methods, General, refer to Terminology D4850.
fabrics may be untreated, heavily sized, coated, resin-treated,
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
or otherwise treated. Instructions are provided for testing
fabric, in textiles; peak force, in tear testing of fabrics; tearing
specimens with or without wetting.
force, in fabric; tearing strength, in fabrics; yarn distortion (see
1.3 Tearing strength, as measured in this test method,
Fig. 1).
requires that the tear be initiated before testing. The reported
3.2 For all other terms related to textiles, refer to Terminol-
value obtained is not directly related to the force required to
ogy D123.
initiate or start a tear.
1.4 Two calculations for trapezoid tearing strength are
4. Summary of Test Method
provided: the single-peak force and the average of five highest
4.1 An outline of an isosceles trapezoid is marked on a
peak forces.
rectangular specimen (see Fig. 2). The specimen is slit at the
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
center of the smallest base of the trapezoid to start the tear.The
standard. The values stated in inch-pound units may be
nonparallel sides of the marked trapezoid are clamped in
approximate.
parallel clamps of a tensile testing machine. The separation of
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
the clamps is increased continuously to apply a force to
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the propagate the tear across the specimen. At the same time, the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
force developed is recorded. The force to continue the tear is
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- calculated from autographic chart recorders or microprocessor
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. data collection systems.
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.60 on Fabric Test Methods, contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Specific. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2014. Published March 2014. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D5587 – 08. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/D5587-14. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5587 − 14
a result of being gripped in the clamps. In some cases, due to
fabricconstructions,individualyarnsmaynotrupturebutshow
a high peak and yarn distortion within the test specimen.
Whereverpossible,thisshallbeprevented.Ifyouhavetriedall
of these steps and yarn distortion still occur
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5587 − 08 D5587 − 14
Standard Test Method for
1
Tearing Strength of Fabrics by Trapezoid Procedure
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5587; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the tearing strength of textile fabrics by the trapezoid procedure using a
recording constant-rate-of-extension-type (CRE) tensile testing machine.
1.1.1 The CRE-type tensile testing machine has become the preferred test apparatus for determining trapezoid tearing strength.
It is recognized that some constant-rate-of-traverse-type (CRT) tensile testing machines continue to be used. Consequently, these
test instruments may be used when agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier. The conditions for use of the CRT-type
tensile tester are included in Appendix X1.
1.2 This test method applies to most fabrics including woven fabrics, air bag fabrics, blankets, napped fabrics, knitted fabrics,
layered fabrics, pile, and pilenonwoven fabrics. The fabrics may be untreated, heavily sized, coated, resin-treated, or otherwise
treated. Instructions are provided for testing specimens with or without wetting.
1.3 Tearing strength, as measured in this test method, requires that the tear be initiated before testing. The reported value
obtained is not directly related to the force required to initiate or start a tear.
1.4 Two calculations for trapezoid tearing strength are provided: the single-peak force and the average of five highest peak
forces.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in inch-pound units may be approximate.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D629 Test Methods for Quantitative Analysis of Textiles
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
3
D2904 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile Test Method that Produces Normally Distributed Data (Withdrawn 2008)
3
D2906 Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias for Textiles (Withdrawn 2008)
D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test Methods
3. Terminology
3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.59, Fabric Test methods, General, refer to Terminology D4850.
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:fabric, standard: fabric, in textiles; peak force, in tear testing of fabrics;
tearing force, in fabric; tearing strength, in fabrics.fabrics; yarn distortion (see Fig. 1).
3.2 For all other terms related to textiles, refer to Terminology D123.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.60 on Fabric Test Methods, Specific.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2008Feb. 15, 2014. Published October 2008March 2014. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 20072008 as
ε1
D5587 – 07aD5587 – 08. . DOI: 10.1520/D5587-08.10.1520/D5587-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5587 − 14
FIG. 1 Templates for Cutting and Marking Trapezoid Test Specimens Photograph Showing Yarn Distortion in a Modern Technical Type
Fabric
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 An outline of an isosceles trapezoid is marked on a rectangular specimen (see Fig. 12). The specimen is slit at the center
of the smallest base of the trapezoid to start the tear. The nonparallel sides of the marked trapezoid are clamped in parallel
jawsclamps of a tensile testing machine. The separation of the jawsclamps is incr
...
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