ASTM D1554-10(2016)
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Wood-Base Fiber and Particle Panel Materials
Standard Terminology Relating to Wood-Base Fiber and Particle Panel Materials
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology standard covers a repository of terms and classifications essential for the business of Subcommittee D07.03.
1.2 Terms and classifications for inclusion in this terminology standard when needed for general use in the conduct of the standards over which Subcommittee D07.03 has jurisdiction.
1.3 The terms in this standard pertain to cellulosic boards or panel products derived from wood and the woody tissue of such plants as bagasse, flax, and straw. They fall into two general groups: (1) those manufactured from lignocellulosic fibers and fiber bundles where in manufacture the interfelting of the fibers and a natural bond are characteristics, and (2) those boards manufactured from a wide range in size and shape of particles ranging from fine elements approaching fibers in size to large flakes which are blended with synthetic resin adhesive and consolidated into boards characterized by the resin bond and usually known as resin-bonded particleboards or more commonly as particleboards.
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Designation: D1554 − 10 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Terminology Relating to
Wood-Base Fiber and Particle Panel Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1554; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The terms included in this terminology standard are intended to apply to a family of lignocellulosic
panel materials specially manufactured for use industrially as components (core, facing, or panels) of
furniture, cabinets, and the like, and in building construction as siding, sheathing, partitions, door
cores and paneling, acoustical treatments, and as structural components there and elsewhere where the
combination of thickness, panel size, and properties satisfy a particular need.
1. Scope medium-density fiberboard (MDF)—a composite panel
product composed primarily of cellulosic fibers in which the
1.1 This terminology standard covers a repository of terms
primary source of physical integrity is provided through
and classifications essential for the business of Subcommit-
addition of a bonding system cured under heat and pressure.
tee D07.03.
Additives may be introduced during the manufacturing
1.2 Terms and classifications for inclusion in this terminol-
process to improve certain properties. MDF density at the
ogy standard when needed for general use in the conduct of the
time of manufacturing, is typically between 500 kg ⁄m
standards over which Subcommittee D07.03 has jurisdiction. 3 3 3
(31 lb ⁄ft ) and 1000 kg ⁄m (62 lb ⁄ft ), based on a reported
moisture content at the time of weight and volume measure-
1.3 The terms in this standard pertain to cellulosic boards or
panel products derived from wood and the woody tissue of ments.
such plants as bagasse, flax, and straw. They fall into two
particleboards—a generic term for a composite panel primar-
general groups: (1) those manufactured from lignocellulosic
ily composed of cellulosic materials, generally in the form of
fibers and fiber bundles where in manufacture the interfelting
discrete pieces or particles, as distinguished from fibers,
of the fibers and a natural bond are characteristics, and (2)
bonded together with a bonding system, and that may
those boards manufactured from a wide range in size and shape
contain additives.
of particles ranging from fine elements approaching fibers in
wood-base fiber and particle panel materials—a generic
size to large flakes which are blended with synthetic resin
term applied to a group of board materials manufactured
adhesive and consolidated into boards characterized by the
from wood or other lignocellulosic fibers or particles to
resin bond and usually known as resin-bonded particleboards
which binding agents and other materials may be added
or more commonly as particleboards.
during manufacture to obtain or improve certain properties.
2. Terminology
Composed of two broad types, fibrous-felted and particle-
boards.
GENERAL DEFINITIONS
wood-cement board—a panel material where wood usually in
fibrous-felted boards—a felted wood-base panel material
the form of excelsior is bonded with inorganic cement.
manufactured of refined or partly refined lignocellulosic
fibers characterized by an integral bond produced by an
CLASSIFICATION OF FIBROUS-FELTED BOARDS
interfelting of fibers and in the case of certain densities and
cellulosic fiberboard—a generic term for a homogeneous
control of conditions of manufacture by ligneous bond, and
panel made from lignocellulosic fibers (usually wood or
to which other materials may have been added during
cane) characterized by an integral bond produced by inter-
manufacture to improve certain properties.
felting of the fibers, to which other materials may have been
added during manufacture to improve certain properties, but
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on Wood
which has not been consolidated under heat and pressure as
and is the responsibility of Subcommittee D07.03 on Panel Products.
a separate stage in manufacture, said board having a density
Current edition approved March 1, 2016. Published April 2016. Originally
of less than 31 lb ⁄ft (specific gravity 0.50) but having a
approved in 1958. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D1554 – 10. DOI:
10.1520/D1554-10R16. density of more than 10 lb ⁄ft (specific gravity 0.16).
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D1554 − 10 (2016)
hardboard—a generic term for a panel manufactured primar- flake—a small wood particle of predetermined thickness
ily from inter-felted lignocellulosic fibers (usually wood), specifically produced as a primary function of specialized
consolidated under heat and pressure in a hot-press to a equipment of various types, with the cutting action across
density of 31 lb ⁄ft (specific gravity 0.50) or greater, and to the direction of the grain (either radially, tangentially, or at
which other materials may have been added during manu- an angle between), the action being such as to produce a
facture to improve certain properties. particle of uniform thickness, essentially plane of the flakes,
in over-all character resembling a small piece of veneer.
medium-density hardboard—a hardboard as previously de-
fined with a density between 31 and 50 lb ⁄ft (specific gravity
heat-treating—the process of subjecting a wood-base panel
between 0.50 and 0.80).
material (usually hardboard) to a special heat treatment after
high-density hardboard—a hardboard as previously defined
hot pressing to increase some strength properties and water
with a density greater than 50 lb ⁄ft (specific gravity 0.80). resistance.
hot-pressing—process for increasing the density of a wet-
CLASSIFICATION OF PARTICLEBOARDS
felted or air-felted mat of fibers or particles by pressing the
low-density particleboard—a particleboard as previously de-
dried, damp, or wet mat between platens of hot-press to
3 3
fined with a density of less than 640 kg ⁄m (40 lb ⁄ft ) based
compact and set the structure by simultaneous application of
on a reported moisture content at the time of weight and
heat and pressure.
volume measurements.
particle—the aggregate component of a particle board manu-
medium-density particleboard—a particleboard as previ-
factured by mechanical means from wood or other lignocel-
ously defined with a density between 640 – 800 kg ⁄m
lulosic material (comparable to the aggregate in concrete)
(40 – 50 lb ⁄ft ) based on a reported moisture content at the
including all small subdivisions of wood such as chips, curls,
time of weight and volume measurements.
flakes, sawdust, shavings, slivers, strands, wood flour, and
high-density particleboard—a particleboard as previously wood wool. Particle size may be measured by the screen
3 3
mesh that permits passage of the particles and another screen
defined with a density greater than 800 kg ⁄m (50 lb ⁄ft )
based on a reported moisture content at the time of weight upon which they are retained, or by the measured dimen-
sions as for flakes and strands.
and volume measurements.
NOTE 1—It is the industry practice to measure density of particleboards
sawdust—wood particles resulting from the cutting and break-
on the basis of moisture content and volume at time of test.
ing action of saw teeth.
TERMS RELATING TO WOOD-BASE FIBER AND
shaving—a small wood particle of indefinite dimensions
PARTICLE PANEL MATERIALS
developed incidental to certain woodworking operations
involving rotary cutterheads usually turning in the direction
air-felting—forming of a fibrous-felted board from an air
of the grain; and because of this cutting action, producing a
suspension of damp or dry fibers on a batch or continuous
thin chip of varying thickness, usually feathered along at
forming machine (sometimes referred to as the dry or
least one edge and thick at another and usually curled.
semi-dry process).
sizing agent—asphalt, rosin, wax, or other additive introduced
binder—an extraneous bonding agent, either organic or
to the stoc
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1554 − 10 D1554 − 10 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Terminology Relating to
Wood-Base Fiber and Particle Panel Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1554; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The terms included in this terminology standard are intended to apply to a family of lignocellulosic
panel materials specially manufactured for use industrially as components (core, facing, or panels) of
furniture, cabinets, and the like, and in building construction as siding, sheathing, partitions, door
cores and paneling, acoustical treatments, and as structural components there and elsewhere where the
combination of thickness, panel size, and properties satisfy a particular need.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology standard covers a repository of terms and classifications essential for the business of Subcommit-
tee D07.03.
1.2 Terms and classifications for inclusion in this terminology standard when needed for general use in the conduct of the
standards over which Subcommittee D07.03 has jurisdiction.
1.3 The terms in this standard pertain to cellulosic boards or panel products derived from wood and the woody tissue of such
plants as bagasse, flax, and straw. They fall into two general groups: (1) those manufactured from lignocellulosic fibers and fiber
bundles where in manufacture the interfelting of the fibers and a natural bond are characteristics, and (2) those boards manufactured
from a wide range in size and shape of particles ranging from fine elements approaching fibers in size to large flakes which are
blended with synthetic resin adhesive and consolidated into boards characterized by the resin bond and usually known as
resin-bonded particleboards or more commonly as particleboards.
2. Terminology
GENERAL DEFINITIONS
fibrous-felted boards—a felted wood-base panel material manufactured of refined or partly refined lignocellulosic fibers
characterized by an integral bond produced by an interfelting of fibers and in the case of certain densities and control of
conditions of manufacture by ligneous bond, and to which other materials may have been added during manufacture to improve
certain properties.
medium-density fiberboard (MDF)—a composite panel product composed primarily of cellulosic fibers in which the primary
source of physical integrity is provided through addition of a bonding system cured under heat and pressure. Additives may be
introduced during the manufacturing process to improve certain properties. MDF density at the time of manufacturing, is
3 3 3 3
typically between 500 kg ⁄m (31 lb ⁄ft ) and 1000 kg ⁄m (62 lb ⁄ft ), based on a reported moisture content at the time of weight
and volume measurements.
particleboards—a generic term for a composite panel primarily composed of cellulosic materials, generally in the form of discrete
pieces or particles, as distinguished from fibers, bonded together with a bonding system, and that may contain additives.
wood-base fiber and particle panel materials—a generic term applied to a group of board materials manufactured from wood
or other lignocellulosic fibers or particles to which binding agents and other materials may be added during manufacture to
obtain or improve certain properties. Composed of two broad types, fibrous-felted and particleboards.
wood-cement board—a panel material where wood usually in the form of excelsior is bonded with inorganic cement.
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on Wood and is the responsibility of Subcommittee D07.03 on Panel Products.
Current edition approved May 1, 2010March 1, 2016. Published July 2010April 2016. Originally approved in 1958. Last previous edition approved in 20052010 as
D1554 – 01 (2005).D1554 – 10. DOI: 10.1520/D1554-10.10.1520/D1554-10R16.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D1554 − 10 (2016)
CLASSIFICATION OF FIBROUS-FELTED BOARDS
cellulosic fiberboard—a generic term for a homogeneous panel made from lignocellulosic fibers (usually wood or cane)
characterized by an integral bond produced by inter-felting of the fibers, to which other materials may have been added during
manufacture to improve certain properties, but which has not been consolidated under heat and pressure as a separate stage in
manufacture, said board having a density of less than 31 lb ⁄ft (specific gravity 0.50) but having a density of more than 10 lb ⁄ft
3 (specific gravity 0.16).
hardboard—a generic term for a panel manufactured primarily from inter-felted lignocellulosic fibers (usually wood),
consolidated under heat and pressure in a hot-press to a density of 31 lb ⁄ft (specific gravity 0.50) or greater, and to which other
materials may have been added during manufacture to improve certain properties.
medium-density hardboard—a hardboard as previously defined with a density between 31 and 50 lb ⁄ft (specific gravity
between 0.50 and 0.80).
high-density hardboard—a hardboard as previously defined with a density greater than 50 lb ⁄ft (specific gravity 0.80).
CLASSIFICATION OF PARTICLEBOARDS
3 3
low-density particleboard—a particleboard as previously defined with a density of less than 640 kg ⁄m (40 lb ⁄ft ) based on a
reported moisture content at the time of weight and volume measurements.
3 3
medium-density particleboard—a particleboard as previously defined with a density between 640 – 800 kg ⁄m (40 – 50 lb ⁄ft )
based on a reported moisture content at the time of weight and volume measurements.
3 3
high-density particleboard—a particleboard as previously defined with a density greater than 800 kg ⁄m (50 lb ⁄ft ) based on a
reported moisture content at the time of weight and volume measurements.
NOTE 1—It is the industry practice to measure density of particleboards on the basis of moisture content and volume at time of test.
TERMS RELATING TO WOOD-BASE FIBER AND PARTICLE PANEL MATERIALS
air-felting—forming of a fibrous-felted board from an air suspension of damp or dry fibers on a batch or continuous forming
machine (sometimes referred to as the dry or semi-dry process).
binder—an extraneous bonding agent, either organic or inorganic, used to bind particles together to produce a particle board.
chips—small pieces of wood chopped off a block by ax-like cuts as in a chipper of the paper industry, or produced by mechanical
hogs, hammermills, etc.
curls—long flat flakes manufactured by the cutting action of a knife in such a way that they tend to be in the form of a helix.
factory-finished boards—boards with a factory-applied surface as, for example, powder or liquid coatings or overlays. These
finished boards require no further field finishing.
factory-primed boards—boards with a factory-applied primer that requires subsequent finishing in the field.
fibers—the slender threadlike elements or groups of wood fibers or similar cellulosic material resulting from chemical or
mechanical defiberization, or both, and sometimes referred to as fiber bundles.
flat-platen pressed—a method of consolidating and hot pressing a panel product in which the applied pressure is perpendicular
to the faces.
flake—a small wood particle of predetermined thickness specifically produced as a primary function of specialized equipment of
various types, with the cutting action across the direction of the grain (either radially, tangentially, or at an angle between), the
action being such as to produce a particle of uniform thickness, essentially plane of the flakes, in over-all character resembling
a small piece of veneer.
heat-treating—the process of subjecting a wood-base panel material (usually hardboard) to a special heat treatment after hot
pressing to increase some strength properties and water resistance.
hot-pressing—process for increasing the density of a wet-felted or air-felted mat of fibers or particles by pressing the dried, damp,
or wet mat between plat
...
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