ASTM E709-08

Standard Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The magnetic particle method of nondestructive testing indicates the presence of surface and near-surface discontinuities in materials that can be magnetized (ferromagnetic). This method can be used for production examination of parts/components or structures and for field applications where portability of equipment and accessibility to the area to be examined are factors. The ability of the method to find small discontinuities can be enhanced by using fluorescent particles suspended in a suitable vehicle and by introducing a magnetic field of the proper strength whose orientation is as close as possible to 90° to the direction of the suspected discontinuity (see 4.3.2). A smoother surface or a pulsed current improves mobility of the magnetic particles under the influence of the magnetic field to collect on the surface where magnetic flux leakage occurs.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes techniques for both dry and wet magnetic particle testing, a nondestructive method for detecting cracks and other discontinuities at or near the surface in ferromagnetic materials. Magnetic particle testing may be applied to raw material, semifinished material (billets, blooms, castings, and forgings), finished material and welds, regardless of heat treatment or lack thereof. It is useful for preventive maintenance testing.
1.1.1 This guide is intended as a reference to aid in the preparation of specifications/standards, procedures and techniques.
1.2 This guide is also a reference that may be used as follows:
1.2.1 To establish a means by which magnetic particle testing, procedures recommended or required by individual organizations, can be reviewed to evaluate their applicability and completeness.
1.2.2 To aid in the organization of the facilities and personnel concerned in magnetic particle testing.
1.2.3 To aid in the preparation of procedures dealing with the examination of materials and parts. This guide describes magnetic particle testing techniques that are recommended for a great variety of sizes and shapes of ferromagnetic materials and widely varying examination requirements. Since there are many acceptable differences in both procedure and technique, the explicit requirements should be covered by a written procedure (see Section 21).
1.3 This guide does not indicate, suggest, or specify acceptance standards for parts/pieces examined by these techniques. It should be pointed out, however, that after indications have been produced, they must be interpreted or classified and then evaluated. For this purpose there should be a separate code, specification, or a specific agreement to define the type, size, location, degree of alignment and spacing, area concentration, and orientation of indications that are unacceptable in a specific part versus those which need not be removed before part acceptance. Conditions where rework or repair is not permitted should be specified.
1.4 This guide describes the use of the following magnetic particle method techniques.
1.4.1 Dry magnetic powder (see 8.4),
1.4.2 Wet magnetic particle (see 8.5),
1.4.3 Magnetic slurry/paint magnetic particle (see 8.5.7), and
1.4.4 Polymer magnetic particle (see 8.5.8).
1.5 Personnel Qualification—Personnel performing examinations in accordance with this guide should be qualified and certified in accordance with ASNT Recommended Practice No. SNT-TC-1A, ANSI/ASNT Standard CP-189, NAS 410, or as specified in the contract or purchase order.
1.6 Nondestructive Testing Agency—If a nondestructive testing agency as described in Practice E 543 is used to perform the examination, the nondestructive testing agency should meet the requirements of Practice E 543.
1.7 The numerical values shown in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. SI units are provided for information only.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility...

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 14-Feb-2008
• ICS: 77.040.20 - Non-destructive testing of metals
• Technical Committee: E07 - Nondestructive Testing
• Drafting Committee: E07.03 - Liquid Penetrant and Magnetic Particle Methods

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E709 − 08
StandardGuide for
1
Magnetic Particle Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E709; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope andorientationofindicationsthatareunacceptableinaspecific
2
part versus those which need not be removed before part
1.1 This guide describes techniques for both dry and wet
acceptance.Conditionswherereworkorrepairisnotpermitted
magnetic particle testing, a nondestructive method for detect-
should be specified.
ing cracks and other discontinuities at or near the surface in
ferromagnetic materials. Magnetic particle testing may be 1.4 This guide describes the use of the following magnetic
applied to raw material, semifinished material (billets, blooms, particle method techniques.
castings, and forgings), finished material and welds, regardless 1.4.1 Dry magnetic powder (see 8.4),
of heat treatment or lack thereof. It is useful for preventive 1.4.2 Wet magnetic particle (see 8.5),
maintenance testing. 1.4.3 Magnetic slurry/paint magnetic particle (see 8.5.7),
1.1.1 This guide is intended as a reference to aid in the and
preparation of specifications/standards, procedures and tech- 1.4.4 Polymer magnetic particle (see 8.5.8).
niques.
1.5 Personnel Qualification—Personnel performing exami-
1.2 This guide is also a reference that may be used as nations in accordance with this guide should be qualified and
follows: certifiedinaccordancewithASNTRecommendedPracticeNo.
1.2.1 To establish a means by which magnetic particle SNT-TC-1A, ANSI/ASNT Standard CP-189, NAS410, or as
testing, procedures recommended or required by individual specified in the contract or purchase order.
organizations, can be reviewed to evaluate their applicability
1.6 Nondestructive Testing Agency—If a nondestructive
and completeness.
testingagencyasdescribedinPracticeE543isusedtoperform
1.2.2 To aid in the organization of the facilities and person-
theexamination,thenondestructivetestingagencyshouldmeet
nel concerned in magnetic particle testing.
the requirements of Practice E543.
1.2.3 To aid in the preparation of procedures dealing with
1.7 The numerical values shown in inch-pound units are to
the examination of materials and parts. This guide describes
be regarded as the standard. SI units are provided for informa-
magnetic particle testing techniques that are recommended for
tion only.
a great variety of sizes and shapes of ferromagnetic materials
and widely varying examination requirements. Since there are 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
many acceptable differences in both procedure and technique,
the explicit requirements should be covered by a written responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
procedure (see Section 21).
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 This guide does not indicate, suggest, or specify accep-
tance standards for parts/pieces examined by these techniques.
2. Referenced Documents
It should be pointed out, however, that after indications have
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
been produced, they must be interpreted or classified and then
A275/A275MPracticeforMagneticParticleExaminationof
evaluated. For this purpose there should be a separate code,
Steel Forgings
specification, or a specific agreement to define the type, size,
A456/A456MSpecification for Magnetic Particle Examina-
location, degree of alignment and spacing, area concentration,
tion of Large Crankshaft Forgings
D93Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E07 on Nondestruc-
Closed Cup Tester
tive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.03 on Liquid
Penetrant and Magnetic Particle Methods.
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2008. Published April 2008. Originally
3
approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as E709-01. DOI: For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
10.1520/E0709-08. contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Applications see related Guide Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
SE-709 in Section II of that Code. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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E709 − 08
6
D445Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E 709–01 Designation: E709 – 08
Standard Guide for
1
Magnetic Particle ExaminationMagnetic Particle Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E709; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1This guideScope
2
1.1 This guide describes techniques for both dry and wet magnetic particle examination,testing, a nondestructive method for
detecting cracks and other discontinuities at or near the surface in ferromagnetic materials. Magnetic particle examinationtesting
may be applied to raw material, semifinished material (billets, blooms, castings, and forgings), finished material and welds,
regardless of heat treatment or lack thereof. It is useful for preventive maintenance examination. testing.
1.1.1 This guide is intended as a reference to aid in the preparation of specifications/standards, procedures and techniques.
1.2This1.2 This guide is also a reference that may be used as follows:
1.2.1 To establish a means by which magnetic particle examination,testing, procedures recommended or required by individual
organizations, can be reviewed to evaluate their applicability and completeness.
1.2.2 To aid in the organization of the facilities and personnel concerned in magnetic particle examination.testing.
1.2.3 Toaidinthepreparationofproceduresdealingwiththeexaminationofmaterialsandparts.Thisguidedescribesmagnetic
particleexaminationtestingtechniquesthatarerecommendedforagreatvarietyofsizesandshapesofferromagneticmaterialsand
widely varying examination requirements. Since there are many acceptable differences in both procedure and technique, the
explicit requirements should be covered by a written procedure (see Section 21).
1.3This1.3 Thisguidedoesnotindicate,suggest,orspecifyacceptancestandardsforparts/piecesexaminedbythesetechniques.
It should be pointed out, however, that after indications have been produced, they must be interpreted or classified and then
evaluated.Forthispurposethereshouldbeaseparatecode,specification,oraspecificagreementtodefinethetype,size,location,
degree of alignment and spacing, area concentration, and orientation of indications that are unacceptable in a specific part versus
those which need not be removed before part acceptance. Conditions where rework or repair areis not permitted should be
specified.
1.4This1.4 This guide describes the use of the following magnetic particle method techniques.
1.4.1 Dry magnetic powder (see 8.4),
1.4.2 Wet magnetic particle (see 8.5),
1.4.3 Magnetic slurry/paint magnetic particle (see 8.5.88.5.7), and
1.4.4 Polymer magnetic particle (see 8.5.8).
1.5 Personnel Qualification—Personnel performing examinations in accordance with this guide shallshould be qualified and
certified in accordance with ASNT Recommended Practice No. SNT-TC-1A, ANSI/ASNT Standard CP-189, NAS410, or as
specified in the contract or purchase order.
1.6 Nondestructive Testing Agency—If a nondestructive testing agency as described in Practice E 543E543 is used to perform
the examination, the nondestructive testing agency shallshould meet the requirements of Practice E 543E543.
1.7Table of Contents:
SECTION
Scope 1
Scope Description 1.1
A Reference Document 1.2
Acceptance Standards for Parts not Covered 1.3
Magnetic Particle Method Techniques 1.4
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.03 on Magnetic Particle
and Penetrant Testing.
Current edition approved July 10, 2001. Published September 2001. Originally published as E 709–80. Last previous edition E 709–95.on Liquid Penetrant and Magnetic
Particle Methods.
CurrenteditionapprovedFeb.15,2008.PublishedApril2008.Originallyapprovedin1980.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2001asE709-01.DOI:10.1520/E0709-08.
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Applications see related Guide SE-709 in Section II of that Code.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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E709 – 08
Personnel Qualifications 1.5
Nondestructive Testing Agency 1.6
Table of Contents 1.7
SI Units 1.8
Safety Caveat 1.9
Referenced Documents 2
ASTM Standards 2.1
SA
...