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ASTM D3172-07

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Proximate Analysis of Coal and Coke

Standard Practice for Proximate Analysis of Coal and Coke

SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the determination of moisture, volatile matter, and ash and the calculation of fixed carbon on coals and cokes sampled and prepared by prescribed methods and analyzed according to ASTM established procedures.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2007
ICS
75.160.10 - Solid fuels
Technical Committee
D05 - Coal and Coke
Drafting Committee
D05.21 - Methods of Analysis
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D3172-89(2002) - Standard Practice for Proximate Analysis of Coal and Coke
Effective Date
01-May-2007
Replaced By
ASTM D3172-07a - Standard Practice for Proximate Analysis of Coal and Coke
Effective Date
01-Oct-2007
Referred By
ASTM D121-15 - Standard Terminology of Coal and Coke
Effective Date
01-May-2007
Referred By
ASTM D388-23 - Standard Classification of Coals by Rank
Effective Date
01-May-2007
Referred By
ASTM D6700-19 - Standard Guide for Use of Scrap Tires as Tire-Derived Fuel
Effective Date
01-May-2007
Referred By
ASTM E1131-20 - Standard Test Method for Compositional Analysis by Thermogravimetry
Effective Date
01-May-2007
Referred By
ASTM D1412/D1412M-20 - Standard Test Method for Equilibrium Moisture of Coal at 96 to 97 Percent Relative Humidity and 30 °C
Effective Date
01-May-2007
Referred By
ASTM D3176-15 - Standard Practice for Ultimate Analysis of Coal and Coke
Effective Date
01-May-2007
Referred By
ASTM D7569/D7569M-10(2015)e1 - Standard Practice for Determination of Gas Content of Coal—Direct Desorption Method
Effective Date
01-May-2007
Referred By
ASTM D3174-12(2018)e1 - Standard Test Method for Ash in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke from Coal
Effective Date
01-May-2007

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ASTM D3172-07 - Standard Practice for Proximate Analysis of Coal and Coke
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Please contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 3172 – 07
Standard Practice for
1
Proximate Analysis of Coal and Coke
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3172; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (ϵ) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 proximate analysis of coal and coke—an assay of the
moisture, ash, volatile matter, and fixed carbon as determined
1.1 This practice covers the determination of moisture,
by prescribed methods. Other constituents such as sulfur and
volatile matter, and ash and the calculation of fixed carbon on
phosphorus are not included.
coals and cokes sampled and prepared by prescribed methods
and analyzed according to ASTM established procedures.
4. Significance and Use
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 Test methods, as herein described, can be used to
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
establish the rank of coals, show the ratio of combustible to
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
incombustible constituents, provide the basis for buying and
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
selling, and evaluate for beneficiation or for other purposes.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Sampling
2. Referenced Documents
2
5.1 Coal sample collection shall be in accordance with
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Sections 5 and 6 of Classification D 388D388, if the proximate
D346 Practice for Collection and Preparation of Coke
analysis is to be used for classification of coal by rank. In all
Samples for Laboratory Analysis
other cases, sample collection shall be in accordance with
D388 Classification of Coals by Rank
Practice D 2234/D 2234MD2234/D2234M. Coke sampling
D2013 Practice for Preparing Coal Samples for Analysis
shall be in accordance with Practice D 346D346.
D2234/D2234M Practice for Collection of a Gross Sample
of Coal
6. Analysis Sample
D3173 Test Method for Moisture in theAnalysis Sample of
6.1 Sample preparations shall be in accordance with Prac-
Coal and Coke
tices D 2013D2013 or D 7256/D 7256MD7256/D7256M.
D3174 Test Method forAsh in theAnalysis Sample of Coal
6.2 The analysis sample shall be the material pulverized to
and Coke from Coal
pass a 250–um (No. 60) sieve in accordance with Practice
D3175 Test Method for Volatile Matter in the Analysis
D 2013D2013.
Sample of Coal and Coke
D7256/D7256M Practice for Mechanical Collection and
7. Test Methods
Within-System Preparation of a Gross Sample of Coal
7.1 Moisture—Test Method D 3173D3173.
3
from Moving Streams
7.2 Ash—Test Method D 3174D3174.
7.3 Volatile Matter—Test Method D 3175D3175.Ifthe
3.
...

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1.1 This test method describes a procedure for obtaining a relative measure of the resistance to degradation of coke by impact and abrasion.  
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This specification covers the classification of coals by rank, that is, according to their degree of metamorphism, or progressive alteration, in the natural series from lignite to anthracite. These coals are mainly composed of vitrinite. The classification shall be based on gradational properties that depend on the degree of metamorphism. The classification shall also be according to fixed carbon and gross calorific value calculated to the mineral-matter-free basis.
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1.1 This standard covers the classification of coals by rank, that is, according to their degree of metamorphism, or progressive alteration, in the natural series from lignite to anthracite.  
1.2 This classification is applicable to coals that are composed mainly of vitrinite.  
Note 1: Coals rich in inertinite or liptinite (exinite), or both, cannot be properly classified because, in those macerals, the properties that determine rank (calorific value, volatile matter, and agglomerating character) differ greatly from those of vitrinite in the same coal. Often, such coals can be recognized by megascopic examination. In North America, these coals are mostly nonbanded varieties that contain only a small proportion of vitrain and consist mainly of attrital materials. The degree of metamorphism of nonbanded and other vitrinite-poor coals can be estimated by determining the classification properties of isolated or concentrated vitrinite fractions, or by determining the reflectance of the vitrinite (see Test Method D2798 and Appendix X1 of this classification). However, in the use of these vitrinite-poor coals, some properties normally associated with rank, such as rheology, combustibility, hardness, and grindability (as well as the rank determining properties) may differ substantially from those of vitrinite-rich coals of the same degree of metamorphism.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The collection and treatment of the sample as specified for the referee method is intended for the express purpose of determining the total moisture in coal. The standard is available to producers, sellers, and consumers as a method of determination when other techniques or modifications are not mutually agreed upon.  
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5.1 A compositional analysis of coal and coke and their associated combustion residues are often useful in assessing their quality. Knowledge of the elemental composition of the associated residues is also useful in predicting the elemental enrichment/depletion compositional behavior of ashes and slags in comparison to the mass fraction in the parent coal. Utilization of the ash by-products and hazardous potential may also depend on the chemical composition and leachability of the inorganic constituents of the coal ash.  
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1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the analysis of the commonly determined major and minor elements in coal, coke, and solid residues from combustion of coal and coke. These residues may be laboratory ash, bottom ash, fly ash, flue gas desulfurization sludge, and other combustion process residues.
Note 1: There are two interlaboratory studies associated with this test method. The first was conducted in 1997 ( RR:D05-1035)2 and the second was conducted in 2007 ( RR:D05-1032).3 Sulfur trioxide was only included in the 2007 study, and that study only included combustion residues derived from ash and no combustion residues derived from coke.  
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ASTM D4326-21(Test Method)
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5.1 A compositional analysis of ash is used in describing the quality of coal for its complete characterization. Ash composition is useful in predicting slagging and fouling characteristics of combusted materials as well as the potential utilization of ash by-products.  
5.2 The chemical composition of laboratory prepared coal ash is rarely, if ever, representative of the composition of the mineral matter in the coal because the ashing process can alter some minerals. However, it can approximate the composition of the fly ash and slag resulting from commercial combustion of coal.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the analysis of the commonly determined major and minor elements in ash from coal using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) techniques.
Note 1: Test Method D5016 is used for determination of sulfur.
Note 2: Although not included in the present method, the determination of barium, strontium, and manganese may be required to yield adequate totals.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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