ASTM D6197-99(2011)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Classifying and Counting Faults in Spun Yarns in Electronic Tests
Standard Test Method for Classifying and Counting Faults in Spun Yarns in Electronic Tests
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of spun yarns by agreement between purchaser and supplier.
In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogenous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average result from the two laboratories should be compared using statistical analysis and a probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results with consideration to the known bias.
Yarn faults are a factor in determining yarn and fabric quality.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the classifying and counting of faults in spun yarns using capacitance testers.
1.1.1 Protruding fibers or yarn hairiness, or both, are not determined as part of this method.
Note 1—For measuring protruding fibers or hairiness, or both, refer to Guide D5647.
1.2 This test method provides for grading yarns by fault level and type.
1.3 This test method is applicable to all single or plied spun yarns from natural or manufactured fibers or blends of each.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard; the values in inch-pound units are provided as information only and are not exact equivalents.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: D6197 − 99 (Reapproved 2011)
Standard Test Method for
Classifying and Counting Faults in Spun Yarns in Electronic
Tests
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6197; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.2 yarn fault, n—in textile strands, a change in thickness
sufficient to be visible to the normal human eye.
1.1 This test method covers the classifying and counting of
3.1.2.1 Discussion—In this test method, a visible change in
faults in spun yarns using capacitance testers.
thickness, such as an abnormal thick or thin place in the yarn
1.1.1 Protruding fibers or yarn hairiness, or both, are not
resulting in a large change in yarn diameter or any foreign
determined as part of this method.
matter affixed to or spun into the yarn, such as a nep, is
NOTE 1—For measuring protruding fibers or hairiness, or both, refer to
considered to be a fault. Thick faults are reported as either
Guide D5647.
major or minor depending on the combination of length and
1.2 This test method provides for grading yarns by fault
diameter. The most accepted criterion for major faults (infre-
level and type.
quent thick places) is 250 to 400 % larger than yarn diameter
and 20 to 40- mm (0.8 to 1.5-in.) long. The minor faults
1.3 This test method is applicable to all single or plied spun
(frequent thick places) are 100 to 150 % larger than yarn
yarns from natural or manufactured fibers or blends of each.
diameter and 1.0 to 40-mm (0.04 to 1.5- in.) long. The thin
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
place classes are arranged and considered separately. The
standard; the values in inch-pound units are provided as
criteria for thin places may vary with manufacturers, but will
information only and are not exact equivalents.
generally fall in the category of less than 30 % of diameter and
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
greater in length than 10 mm.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.3 yarn fault count, n—the number of faults per specified
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
length of product.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.4 For definitions of other textile terms used in this
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
method, refer to Terminology D123.
2. Referenced Documents
4. Summary of Test Method
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1 A specimen is passed through the sensing device of a
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
classifying instrument at a constant speed. The electronic
D2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
counting instrument records the faults and classifies them
D5647 Guide for Measuring Hairiness of Yarns by the
according to their length and relative diameter. The faults for
Photo-Electric Apparatus
the most part are in the form of thick places, thin places and
neps in yarns spun on various spinning systems.
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
5. Significance and Use
3.1.1 spun yarn, n—in a staple system, a continuous strand
5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for accep-
of fibers held together by some binding mechanism.
tance testing of commercial shipments of spun yarns by
agreement between purchaser and supplier.
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles
reported test results when using this test method for acceptance
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns and Fibers.
testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and supplier
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2011. Published January 2012. Originally
should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D6197–99(2005).
DOI: 10.1520/D6197-99R11.
statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
minimum, the two parties should take a group of test speci-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. mensthatareashomogenousaspossibleandthatarefromalot
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D6197 − 99 (2011)
of material of the type in question. The test specimens should 9. Procedure
then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory
9.1 Calibrate the testing instrument as prescribed by the
for testing.The average result from the two laboratories should
instrument manufacturer.
be compared using statistical analysis and a probability level
9.2 Make proper selections for material value, yarn number,
chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias
and the coding plug, if one is used. Review the tables provided
is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the
by manufacturer for further details.
purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test
results with consideration to the known bias. 9.3 Set the take-up mechanism to the speed of travel
recommended by the tester’s manufacturer. If a nonstandard
5.2 Yarn faults are a factor in determining yarn and fabric
set-up is used it should be reported.
quality.
9.3.1 Verify that control unit speed selection is set to the
same speed as the take-up mechanism.
6. Apparatus
9.4 Checkthepackagetoensurethatnoshippingmaterialor
6.1 Electronic Measuring Device—A capacitance or optical
other contaminant is present and that no damage is apparent on
unit with guide alignment of the yarn in a straight path through
the package. If contaminants or damage are detected, select
the measuring zone.
another package for testing.
6.2 Control Unit—A device that supplies the signal to
NOTE 3—Do not separate the length of yarn from the packages prior to
operate the measuring device and, also in return, receives the
testing.
registration signal from the measuring device, stores the
9.5 Mount the package on a suitable holder. Thread the free
informationreceived,respondstothisinformationaccordingto
end of the yarn directly from the package through the instru-
a predetermined setup, and outputs computed data at the end of
ment.
the test.
9.6 Start the take-up mechanism of the tester.
6.3 Winder—A power driven take-up device equipped with
a winding drum of uniform diameter and capable of operating
9.7 Test the total predetermined yarn length, that may
at constant take-up speed.
require more than one package.
6.4 Yarn Tensioning Device—A unit for the control of the
9.8 Follow the tester instruction manua
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