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ASTM C272/C272M-16

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Water Absorption of Core Materials for Sandwich Constructions

Standard Test Method for Water Absorption of Core Materials for Sandwich Constructions

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Absorbed water affects the characteristic properties of sandwich core materials, such as electrical properties (for example, dielectric constant, loss tangent, and electrical resistance) and mechanical properties (for example, strength and modulus). The mass of absorbed water may also affect the behavior of sandwich structures. It should be noted that in a sandwich panel the presence of facings bonded on two sides of the core may affect the amount of water absorbed by the core.  
5.2 This test method provides a standard method of obtaining sandwich core moisture absorption data for design properties, material specifications, research and development applications, and quality assurance.  
5.3 Factors that influence the water absorption and shall therefore be reported include the following: core material, methods of material fabrication, core geometry (honeycomb cell size, honeycomb cell wall thickness, foam pore size, etc.), specimen geometry, specimen preparation, methods of mass and dimensional measurement, specimen conditioning, and moisture content during mass and dimensional measurements.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative amount of water absorption by various types of sandwich construction core materials when immersed in water, or when subjected to a high relative humidity environment. Permissible core material forms include those with continuous bonding surfaces (such as balsa wood and foams) as well as those with discontinuous bonding surfaces (such as honeycomb).  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.2.1 Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Mar-2016
ICS
83.120 - Reinforced plastics
Technical Committee
D30 - Composite Materials
Drafting Committee
D30.09 - Sandwich Construction
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C272/C272M-12 - Standard Test Method for Water Absorption of Core Materials for Sandwich Constructions
Effective Date
01-Apr-2016
Replaced By
ASTM C272/C272M-18 - Standard Test Method for Water Absorption of Core Materials for Sandwich Constructions
Effective Date
01-Aug-2018
Referred By
ASTM D4762-18 - Standard Guide for Testing Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
Effective Date
01-Apr-2016
Referred By
ASTM C1696-20 - Standard Guide for Industrial Thermal Insulation Systems
Effective Date
01-Apr-2016
Referred By
ASTM C591-22 - Standard Specification for Unfaced Preformed Rigid Cellular Polyisocyanurate Thermal Insulation
Effective Date
01-Apr-2016

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REDLINE ASTM C272/C272M-16 - Standard Test Method for Water Absorption of Core Materials for Sandwich ConstructionsREDLINE ASTM C272/C272M-16 - Standard Test Method for Water Absorption of Core Materials for Sandwich Constructions
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C272/C272M − 16
Standard Test Method for
Water Absorption of Core Materials for Sandwich
1
Constructions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C272/C272M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope E177Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
ASTM Test Methods
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationoftherelative
E456Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
amount of water absorption by various types of sandwich
construction core materials when immersed in water, or when
3. Terminology
subjected to a high relative humidity environment. Permissible
3.1 Definitions—Terminology D3878 defines terms relating
core material forms include those with continuous bonding
to high-modulus fibers and their composites, as well as terms
surfaces (such as balsa wood and foams) as well as those with
relating to sandwich constructions. Terminology D883 defines
discontinuous bonding surfaces (such as honeycomb).
termsrelatingtoplastics.TerminologyE456andPracticeE177
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
define terms relating to statistics. In the event of a conflict
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
between terms, Terminology D3878 shall have precedence
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
over the other terminologies.
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
3.2 Symbols:
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
3.2.1 CV—coefficient of variation statistic of a sample
with the standard.
population for a given property (in percent).
1.2.1 Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in
3.2.2 D—pre-immersion mass of a test specimen.
brackets.
3.2.3 h—height of a test specimen.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.4 l—length of a test specimen.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.5 S —standard deviation statistic of a sample popula-
n–1
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
tion for a given property.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.6 x —test result for an individual specimen from the
1
sample population for a given property.
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.7 x—mean or average (estimate of mean) of a sample
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
population for a given property.
D883Terminology Relating to Plastics
3.2.8 V—volume of a test specimen.
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
D3878Terminology for Composite Materials
3.2.9 w—width of a test specimen.
E122PracticeforCalculatingSampleSizetoEstimate,With
3.2.10 W—mass of a test specimen.
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
Lot or Process 4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 This test method consists of exposing sandwich core
specimen to a defined moisture condition, and determining the
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on
amount of water absorbed by measuring the mass increase in
Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.09 on
the specimen.
Sandwich Construction.
Current edition approved April 1, 2016. Published April 2016. Originally
5. Significance and Use
approved in 1951. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as C272–12. DOI:
10.1520/C0272_C0272M-16.
5.1 Absorbed water affects the characteristic properties of
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
sandwich core materials, such as electrical properties (for
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
example, dielectric constant, loss tangent, and electrical resis-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. tance) and mechanical properties (for example, strength and
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C272/C272M − 16
modulus). The mass of absorbed water may also affect the 8. Sampling and Test Specimens
behavior of sandwich structures. It should be noted that in a
8.1 Test at least five specimens per test condition unless
sandwichpanelthepresenceoffacingsbondedontwosidesof
validresultscanbegainedthroughtheuseoffewerspecimens,
the core may affect the amount of water absorbed by the core.
such as in the case of a designed experiment. For statistically
5.2 This test method provides a standard method of obtain-
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C272/C272M − 12 C272/C272M − 16
Standard Test Method for
Water Absorption of Core Materials for Sandwich
1
Constructions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C272/C272M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative amount of water absorption by various types of sandwich
construction core materials when immersed in water, or when subjected to a high relative humidity environment. Permissible core
material forms include those with continuous bonding surfaces (such as balsa wood and foams) as well as those with discontinuous
bonding surfaces (such as honeycomb).
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.2.1 Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3
C274 Terminology of Structural Sandwich Constructions (Withdrawn 2016)
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
D5229/D5229M Test Method for Moisture Absorption Properties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix Composite
Materials
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a Lot or
Process
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Terminology D3878 defines terms relating to high-modulus fibers and their composites.
Terminologycomposites, as C274 defineswell as terms relating to structural sandwich constructions. Terminology D883 defines
terms relating to plastics. Terminology E456 and Practice E177 define terms relating to statistics. In the event of a conflict between
terms, Terminology D3878 shall have precedence over the other terminologies.
3.2 Symbols:
3.2.1 CV—coefficient of variation statistic of a sample population for a given property (in percent).
3.2.2 D—pre-immersion mass of a test specimen.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.09 on Sandwich
Construction.
Current edition approved April 1, 2012April 1, 2016. Published May 2012April 2016. Originally approved in 1951. Last previous edition approved in 20072012 as
C272 – 01 (2007).C272 – 12. DOI: 10.1520/C0272_C0272M-12.10.1520/C0272_C0272M-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C272/C272M − 16
3.2.3 h—height of a test specimen.
3.2.4 l—length of a test specimen.
3.2.5 S —standard deviation statistic of a sample population for a given property.
n–1
3.2.6 x —test result for an individual specimen from the sample population for a given property.
1
3.2.7 x—mean or average (estimate of mean) of a sample population for a given property.
3.2.8 V—volume of a test specimen.
3.2.9 w—width of a test specimen.
3.2.10 W—mass of a test specimen.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 This test method consists of exposing sandwich core specimen to a defined moisture condition, and determining the amount
of water absorbed by measuring the mass increase in the specimen.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Absorbed water affects the characteristic properties of sandwich core materials, such as electrical propert
...

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5.1 Refer to Guide D8509.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the fastener pull-through resistance of multidirectional polymer matrix composites reinforced by high-modulus fibers. Fastener pull-through resistance is characterized by the force-versus-displacement response exhibited when a mechanical fastener is pulled through a composite plate, with the force applied perpendicular to the plane of the plate. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber or discontinuous-fiber (tape or fabric, or both) reinforced composites for which the laminate is symmetric and balanced with respect to the test direction. The range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses is defined in 8.2.  
1.2 Two test procedures and configurations are provided. The first, Procedure A, is suitable for screening and fastener development purposes. The second, Procedure B, is configuration-dependent and is suitable for establishing design values. Both procedures can be used to perform comparative evaluations of candidate fasteners/fastener system designs.  
1.3 The specimens described herein may not be representative of actual joints which may contain one or more free edges adjacent to the fastener, or may contain multiple fasteners that can change the actual boundary conditions.  
1.4 This test method is consistent with the recommendations of CMH-17, which describes the desirable attributes of a fastener pull-through test method.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5766/D5766M-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Open-Hole Tensile Strength of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Refer to Guide D8509.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the open-hole tensile strength of multidirectional polymer matrix composite laminates reinforced by high-modulus fibers. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber or discontinuous-fiber (tape or fabric, or both) reinforced composites in which the laminate is balanced and symmetric with respect to the test direction. The range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses are described in 8.2.1.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.2.1 Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6264/D6264M-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring the Damage Resistance of a Fiber-Reinforced Polymer-Matrix Composite to a Concentrated Quasi-Static Indentation Force

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Susceptibility to damage from concentrated out-of-plane forces is one of the major design concerns of many structures made of advanced composite laminates. Knowledge of the damage resistance properties of a laminated composite plate is useful for product development and material selection.  
5.2 QSI testing can serve the following purposes:  
5.2.1 To simulate the force-displacement relationships of impacts governed by boundary conditions (1-7).5 These are typically relatively large-mass low-velocity hard-body impacts on plates with a relatively small unsupported region. Since the test is run slowly in displacement control, the desired damage state can be obtained in a controlled manner. Associating specific damage events with a force during a drop-weight impact test is often difficult due to the oscillations in the force history. In addition, a specific sequence of damage events may be identified during quasi-static loading while the final damage state is only identifiable after a drop-weight impact test.  
5.2.2 To provide an estimate of the impact energy required to obtain a similar damage state for drop-weight impact testing if all others parameters are held constant.  
5.2.3 To establish quantitatively the effects of stacking sequence, fiber surface treatment, variations in fiber volume fraction, and processing and environmental variables on the damage resistance of a particular composite laminate to a concentrated indentation force.  
5.2.4 To compare quantitatively the relative values of the damage resistance parameters for composite materials with different constituents. The damage response parameters can include dent depth, damage dimensions and through-thickness locations, Fmax , Ea, and Emax, as well as the force versus indenter displacement curve.  
5.2.5 To impart damage in a specimen for subsequent damage tolerance tests, such as Test Method D7137/D7137M.  
5.2.6 To measure the indentation response of the specimen with and without bending us...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the damage resistance of multidirectional polymer matrix composite laminated plates subjected to a concentrated indentation force (Fig. 1). Procedures are specified for determining the damage resistance for a test specimen supported over a circular opening and for a rigidly-backed test specimen. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites, with the range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses defined in 8.2. This test method may prove useful for other types and classes of composite materials.
FIG. 1 Quasi-Static Indentation Test  
1.1.1 Instructions for modifying these procedures to determine damage resistance properties of sandwich constructions are provided in Practice D7766/D7766M.  
1.2 A flat, square composite plate is subjected to an out-of-plane, concentrated force by slowly pressing a hemispherical indenter into the surface. The damage resistance is quantified in terms of a critical contact force to cause a specific size and type of damage in the specimen.  
1.3 The test method may be used to screen materials for damage resistance, or to inflict damage into a specimen for subsequent damage tolerance testing. The indented plate can be subsequently tested in accordance with Test Method D7137/D7137M to measure residual strength properties. Drop-weight impact per Test Method D7136/D7136M may be used as an alternate method of creating damage from an out-of-plane force and measuring damage resistance properties.  
1.4 The damage resistance properties generated by this test method are highly dependent upon several factors, which include specimen geometry, layup, indenter geometry, force, and boundary conditions. Thus, results are generally not scalable to other configurations, and are particular to the combination of geometric and physical conditions tested.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound u...

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