ASTM D7518-10(2015)e1
(Specification)Standard Specification for 1,3 Propanediol (PDO) Base Engine Coolant for Automobile and Light-Duty Service
Standard Specification for 1,3 Propanediol (PDO) Base Engine Coolant for Automobile and Light-Duty Service
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for propanediol base engine coolant used in automobiles or other light-duty service cooling systems. Engine coolant concentrates or prediluted propanediol base engine coolant shall be formulated with propanediol, water, suitable corrosion inhibitors, dye, and a foam suppressor. The coolants shall conform to the general requirements for color and effect on nonmetals. Coolants shall be formulated using water that meets the requirements for the following properties: chlorides, sulfate, hardness, ph, and iron. Glycol-base coolant concentrates and prediluted coolants shall conform to the following physical and chemical requirements for each coolant type: relative density, freezing point, boiling point, ash content, pH, chloride, water mass, reserve alkalinity, and effects on automobile finish. All coolant concentrates and prediluted coolants shall conform to the performance requirements such as corrrosion in glassware, simulated service test, corrosion of cast aluminum alloys at heat-rejecting surfaces, foaming, and cavitation-erosion.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for 1,3 propanediol base engine coolants used in automobiles or other light-duty service cooling systems. When concentrates are used at 40 to 70 % concentration by volume in water, or when prediluted glycol base engine coolants (50 volume % minimum) are used without further dilution, they will function effectively to provide protection against freezing, boiling, and corrosion.
1.2 The coolants governed by this specification are categorized as follows:
Coolant Type
Description
I
1,3 Propanediol base concentrate
II
1,3 Propanediol predilute (50 vol %)
Note 1: This specification is based on the knowledge of the performance of engine coolants prepared from new or virgin ingredients.
Note 2: This specification applies to automobiles and light-duty service. A specification for heavy-duty engine service is under development.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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´1
Designation:D7518 −10 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Specification for
1,3 Propanediol (PDO) Base Engine Coolant for Automobile
and Light-Duty Service
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7518; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Caution statement in X1.5 was changed to a Warning statement editorially in June 2015.
1. Scope* D516Test Method for Sulfate Ion in Water
D1119Test Method for Percent Ash Content of Engine
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for 1,3 pro-
Coolants
panediol base engine coolants used in automobiles or other
D1120Test Method for Boiling Point of Engine Coolants
light-dutyservicecoolingsystems.Whenconcentratesareused
D1121Test Method for ReserveAlkalinity of Engine Cool-
at 40 to 70 % concentration by volume in water, or when
ants and Antirusts
prediluted glycol base engine coolants (50 volume % mini-
D1122Test Method for Density or Relative Density of
mum) are used without further dilution, they will function
effectively to provide protection against freezing, boiling, and EngineCoolantConcentratesandEngineCoolantsByThe
corrosion. Hydrometer
D1123Test Methods for Water in Engine Coolant Concen-
1.2 The coolants governed by this specification are catego-
trate by the Karl Fischer Reagent Method
rized as follows:
D1126Test Method for Hardness in Water
Coolant Type Description
D1177Test Method for Freezing Point of Aqueous Engine
I 1,3 Propanediol base concentrate
Coolants
II 1,3 Propanediol predilute (50 vol %)
D1287TestMethodforpHofEngineCoolantsandAntirusts
NOTE 1—This specification is based on the knowledge of the perfor-
D1293Test Methods for pH of Water
mance of engine coolants prepared from new or virgin ingredients.
D1384Test Method for Corrosion Test for Engine Coolants
NOTE 2—This specification applies to automobiles and light-duty
in Glassware
service. A specification for heavy-duty engine service is under develop-
ment.
D1881Test Method for Foaming Tendencies of Engine
Coolants in Glassware
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
D1882Test Method for Effect of Cooling System Chemical
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
Solutions on Organic Finishes for Automotive Vehicles
only.
D2570TestMethodforSimulatedServiceCorrosionTesting
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
of Engine Coolants
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D2809Test Method for Cavitation Corrosion and Erosion-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Corrosion Characteristics of Aluminum Pumps With En-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
gine Coolants
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
D3321Test Method for Use of the Refractometer for Field
2. Referenced Documents
Test Determination of the Freezing Point of Aqueous
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Engine Coolants
D512Test Methods for Chloride Ion In Water
D3634Test Method for Trace Chloride Ion in Engine Cool-
ants
ThisspecificationisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD15onEngine
D4327Test Method forAnions in Water by Suppressed Ion
Coolants and Related Fluids and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
Chromatography
D15.07 on Specifications.
Current edition approved May 1, 2015. Published June 2015. Originally
D4340Test Method for Corrosion of CastAluminumAlloys
approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D7518– 10. DOI:
in Engine Coolants Under Heat-Rejecting Conditions
10.1520/D7518-10R15E01.
D4725TerminologyforEngineCoolantsandRelatedFluids
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
D5827Test Method for Analysis of Engine Coolant for
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Chloride and Other Anions by Ion Chromatography
the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
´1
D7518−10 (2015)
D5931Test Method for Density and Relative Density of
Property Specific Values ASTM Test Method
Chlorides, µg/g (ppm (grains/gal)) 25 (1.5) max D512, D4327, D5827
Engine Coolant Concentrates and Aqueous Engine Cool-
Sulfate, µg/g (ppm (grains/gal)) 50 (3.0) max D516, D4327, D5827
ants by Digital Density Meter
Hardness, as CaCo , µg/g 20 (1.2) max D1126, D6130
D6130Test Method for Determination of Silicon and Other
(ppm (grains/gal))
pH 5.5 to 8.5 D1287, D1293
Elements in Engine Coolant by Inductively Coupled
Iron, µg/g (ppm (grains/gal)) 1.0 (0.06) max D6130, E394
Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy
NOTE 3—Prediluted coolants are intended for direct addition to an
D6660Test Method for Freezing Point ofAqueous Ethylene
engine-coolingsystemwithnofurtherdilution.However,ifcircumstances
Glycol Base Engine Coolants by Automatic Phase Tran-
requireadditionandpredilutedaqueousenginecoolantisnoavailable,use
sition Method
the appropriate engine-coolant concentrate (Type I) diluted to 50 volume
D7388 Specification for Engine Coolant Grade 1,3-
% with water of at least the quality outlined in Table X1.1.
Propanediol (PDO)
4.5 When diluting engine-coolant concentrates for actual
E29Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
service, the water should be of such quality that it does not
Determine Conformance with Specifications
contain excessive solids, hardness salts, or chlorides. In the
E394Test Method for Iron in Trace Quantities Using the
absence of specific recommendations from the engine or
1,10-Phenanthroline Method
vehicle manufacturers, see Appendix X1,or Table X1.1.If
2.2 Other Document:
such water is not available, use deionized (demineralized) or
Federal Method 2540BTotal Dissolved Solids Dried at
distilled water. This procedure will minimize the formation of
103–105°C
hard-water scale and avoid the introduction of mineral
components,suchaschloridesandsulfates,whichcanincrease
3. Terminology
the corrosion rate of aluminum and iron.
3.1 Definitions:
4.6 Wheninstalledinaccordancewiththevehiclemanufac-
3.1.1 PDO base engine coolant, n—an engine coolant in
turer’srecommendationsandthoseontheproductlabel,engine
which the freeze point depressant is 1,3 propylene, with
coolant concentrates or prediluted glycol-base engine coolants
inhibitors to minimize foaming and corrosion.
shall be suitable for use in a properly maintained cooling
3.1.2 For definitions of other terms used in this
system (X1.1) in normal light-duty service for a minimum of
specification, refer to Terminology D4725.
one year without adversely affecting fluid flow and heat
transfer.
4. General Requirements
5. Detailed Requirements
4.1 Engine coolant concentrates or prediluted PDO base
engine coolants shall be formulated with 1,3 propanediol
5.1 Glycol-base coolant concentrates and prediluted cool-
meeting Specification D7388, water, and suitable corrosion
ants shall conform to the physical and chemical requirements
inhibitors, dye, and a foam suppressor.
prescribed in Table 2 depending on coolant type (see 1.2).
4.2 PDO base engine coolant concentrates (Type I) may not
5.2 TherequirementslistedinTable2forpredilutedcoolant
contain ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol,
(Type II) are prescribed for the coolant as packaged, without
tetraethylene glycol. Similarly, prediulted PDO base coolants
further dilution or adjustment.
(Type II) may not contain ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol,
5.3 All coolant concentrates and prediluted coolants shall
triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol.
conform to the performance requirements listed in Table 3.
4.3 All engine coolant concentrates or prediluted PDO base
5.4 Coolant concentrates shall be diluted for performance
engine coolants shall conform to the general requirements
testing as described in the individual ASTM test methods.
given in Table 1.
5.5 If necessary, the freezing point of prediluted coolants
4.4 Prediluted PDO (Type II) base engine coolants shall be
shall be adjusted with deionized water before proceeding with
formulated using water that meets the following requirements:
performance testing. The freezing point of prediluted PDO
base coolants (Type II) shall be −27.8°C (−18.0°F).
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. American
5.6 Adjusted, prediluted engine-coolant performance test
Public Health Association, et al, 801 I Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001,
solutions shall be prepared as described in Table 3, Footnotes
http://www.apha.org.
B through F.
TABLE 1 General Requirements
6. Keywords
Property Specific Values ASTM Test Method
6.1 1,3-propanediol;enginecoolant;enginecoolantconcen-
Color Distinctive .
trate; light-duty engine coolant; PDO; prediluted engine
Effect on nonmetals No adverse effect under consideration
coolant
´1
D7518−10 (2015)
TABLE 2 Physical and Chemical Requirements
ASTM Test
Property
Type I Type II Method
Relative density, 15.5/ 1.050 to 1.065 1.025 min D1122, D5931
15.5°C (60/60°F)
A
Freezing point, °C (°F): −27.8 (−18.0) max D1177, D6660
50 vol % in DI water
Undiluted −27.8 (−18.0)
max
B
Boiling point °C (°F): D1120
50 vol % in DI water 102 (215) min
Undiluted 180 (356) min 102 (215) min
Ash content, mass % 5 max D1119
pH: D1287
50 vol % in DI water 7.5 to 11
Undiluted 7.5to11
C
Chloride, µg.g 25 max 25 max D3634 ,
C
D5827
Water, mass % 5 max not applicable D1123
D D
Reserve alkalinity, mL report report D1121
E
Effect on automobile finish no effect no effect D1882
(use clear coat thermoset
urethane or acrylic ure-
thane finish)
A
For purposes of determining conformance with this specification, an observed value shall be rounded “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D7518 − 10 D7518 − 10 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Specification for
1,3 Propanediol (PDO) Base Engine Coolant for Automobile
and Light-Duty Service
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7518; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Caution statement in X1.5 was changed to a Warning statement editorially in June 2015.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for 1,3 propanediol base engine coolants used in automobiles or other light-duty
service cooling systems. When concentrates are used at 40 to 70 % concentration by volume in water, or when prediluted glycol
base engine coolants (50 volume % minimum) are used without further dilution, they will function effectively to provide protection
against freezing, boiling, and corrosion.
1.2 The coolants governed by this specification are categorized as follows:
Coolant Type Description
I 1,3 Propanediol base concentrate
II 1,3 Propanediol predilute (50 vol %)
NOTE 1—This specification is based on the knowledge of the performance of engine coolants prepared from new or virgin ingredients.
NOTE 2—This specification applies to automobiles and light-duty service. A specification for heavy-duty engine service is under development.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D512 Test Methods for Chloride Ion In Water
D516 Test Method for Sulfate Ion in Water
D1119 Test Method for Percent Ash Content of Engine Coolants
D1120 Test Method for Boiling Point of Engine Coolants
D1121 Test Method for Reserve Alkalinity of Engine Coolants and Antirusts
D1122 Test Method for Density or Relative Density of Engine Coolant Concentrates and Engine Coolants By The Hydrometer
D1123 Test Methods for Water in Engine Coolant Concentrate by the Karl Fischer Reagent Method
D1126 Test Method for Hardness in Water
D1177 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aqueous Engine Coolants
D1287 Test Method for pH of Engine Coolants and Antirusts
D1293 Test Methods for pH of Water
D1384 Test Method for Corrosion Test for Engine Coolants in Glassware
D1881 Test Method for Foaming Tendencies of Engine Coolants in Glassware
D1882 Test Method for Effect of Cooling System Chemical Solutions on Organic Finishes for Automotive Vehicles
D2570 Test Method for Simulated Service Corrosion Testing of Engine Coolants
D2809 Test Method for Cavitation Corrosion and Erosion-Corrosion Characteristics of Aluminum Pumps With Engine Coolants
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D15 on Engine Coolants and Related Fluids and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D15.07
on Specifications.
Current edition approved April 1, 2010May 1, 2015. Published May 2010June 2015. Originally approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 20092010 as
D7518–09. – 10. DOI: 10.1520/D7518-10.10.1520/D7518-10R15E01.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
´1
D7518 − 10 (2015)
D3321 Test Method for Use of the Refractometer for Field Test Determination of the Freezing Point of Aqueous Engine Coolants
D3634 Test Method for Trace Chloride Ion in Engine Coolants
D4327 Test Method for Anions in Water by Suppressed Ion Chromatography
D4340 Test Method for Corrosion of Cast Aluminum Alloys in Engine Coolants Under Heat-Rejecting Conditions
D4725 Terminology for Engine Coolants and Related Fluids
D5827 Test Method for Analysis of Engine Coolant for Chloride and Other Anions by Ion Chromatography
D5931 Test Method for Density and Relative Density of Engine Coolant Concentrates and Aqueous Engine Coolants by Digital
Density Meter
D6130 Test Method for Determination of Silicon and Other Elements in Engine Coolant by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic
Emission Spectroscopy
D6660 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aqueous Ethylene Glycol Base Engine Coolants by Automatic Phase Transition
Method
D7388 Specification for Engine Coolant Grade 1,3-Propanediol (PDO)
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E394 Test Method for Iron in Trace Quantities Using the 1,10-Phenanthroline Method
2.2 Other Documents:Document:
Federal Method 2540B Total Dissolved Solids Dried at 103–105°C
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 PDO base engine coolant, n—an engine coolant in which the freeze point depressant is 1,3 propylene, with inhibitors to
minimize foaming and corrosion.
3.1.2 For definitions of other terms used in this specification, refer to Terminology D4725.
4. General Requirements
4.1 Engine coolant concentrates or prediluted PDO base engine coolants shall be formulated with 1,3 propanediol meeting
Specification D7388, water, and suitable corrosion inhibitors, dye, and a foam suppressor.
4.2 PDO base engine coolant concentrates (Type I) may not contain ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol,
tetraethylene glycol. Similarly, prediulted PDO base coolants (Type II) may not contain ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol,
triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol.
4.3 All engine coolant concentrates or prediluted PDO base engine coolants shall conform to the general requirements given
in Table 1.
4.4 Prediluted PDO (Type II) base engine coolants shall be formulated using water that meets the following requirements:
Property Specific Values ASTM Test Method
Chlorides, μg/g (ppm 25 (1.5) max D512, D4327,
(grains/gal)) D5827
Sulfate, μg/g (ppm 50 (3.0) max D516, D4327,
(grains/gal)) D5827
Hardness, as CaCo , 20 (1.2) max D1126, D6130
μg/g
(ppm (grains/gal))
pH 5.5 to 8.5 D1287, D1293
Iron, μg/g (ppm 1.0 (0.06) max D6130, E394
(grains/gal))
Property Specific Values ASTM Test Method
Chlorides, μg/g (ppm (grains/gal)) 25 (1.5) max D512, D4327, D5827
Sulfate, μg/g (ppm (grains/gal)) 50 (3.0) max D516, D4327, D5827
Hardness, as CaCo , μg/g 20 (1.2) max D1126, D6130
(ppm (grains/gal))
pH 5.5 to 8.5 D1287, D1293
Iron, μg/g (ppm (grains/gal)) 1.0 (0.06) max D6130, E394
Standard MethodMethods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. American Public Health Association, et al, 1015 15th801 I Street, N.W. Washington, DC
20005.20001, http://www.apha.org.
TABLE 1 General Requirements
Property Specific Values ASTM Test Method
Color Distinctive .
Effect on nonmetals No adverse effect under consideration
´1
D7518 − 10 (2015)
NOTE 3—Prediluted coolants are intended for direct addition to an engine-cooling system with no further dilution. However, if circumstances require
addition and prediluted aqueous engine coolant is no available, use the appropriate engine-coolant concentrate (Type I) diluted to 50 volume % with water
of at least the quality outlined in Table X1.1.
4.5 When diluting engine-coolant concentrates for actual service, the water should be of such quality that it does not contain
excessive solids, hardness salts, or chlorides. In the absence of specific recommendations from the engine or vehicle manufacturers,
see Appendix X1, or Table X1.1. If such water is not available, use deionized (demineralized) or distilled water. This procedure
will minimize the formation of hard-water scale and avoid the introduction of mineral components, such as chlorides and sulfates,
which can increase the corrosion rate of aluminum and iron.
4.6 When installed in accordandeaccordance with the vehicle manufacturer’s recommendations and those on the product label,
engine coolant concentrates or prediluted glycol-base engine coolants shall be suitable for use in a properly maintained cooling
system (Appendix (X1.1) in normal light-duty service for a minimum of one year without adversely affecting fluid flow and heat
transfer.
5. Detailed Requirements
5.1 Glycol-base coolant concentrates and prediluted coolants shall conform to the physical and chemical requirements
prescribed in Table 2 depending on coolant type (see 1.2).
5.2 The requirements listed in Table 2 for prediluted coolant (Type II) are prescribed for the coolant as packaged, without further
dilution or adjustment.
5.3 All coolant concentrates and prediluted coolants shall conform to the performance requirements listed in Table 3.
5.4 Coolant concentrates shall be diluted for performance testing as described in the individual ASTM test methods.
5.5 If necessary, the freezing point of prediluted coolants shall be adjusted with deionized water before proceeding with
performance testing. The freezing point of prediluted PDO base coolants (Type II) shall be −27.8°C (−18.0°F).
5.6 Adjusted, prediluted engine-coolant performance test solutions shall be prepared as described in Table 3, Footnotes B
through F.
6. Keywords
6.1 1,3-propanediol; engine coolant; engine coolant concentrate; light-duty engine coolant; PDO; prediluted engine coolant
TABLE 2 Physical and Chemical Requirements
ASTM Test
Property
Type I Type II Method
Relative density, 15.5/ 1.050 to 1.065 1.025 min D1122, D5931
15.5°C (60/60°F)
A
Freezing point, °C (°F): −27.8 (−18.0) max D1177, D6660
50 vol % in DI water
Undiluted −27.8 (−18.0)
max
B
Boiling point °C (°F): D1120
50 vol % in DI water 102 (215) min
Undiluted 180 (356) min 102 (215) min
Ash content, mass % 5 max D1119
pH: D1287
50 vol % in DI water 7.5 to 11
Undiluted 7.5 to 11
C
Chloride, μg.g 25 max 25 max D3634 ,
C
D5827
Water, mass % 5 max not applicable D1123
D D
Reserve alkalinity, mL report report D1121
E
Effect on automobile finish no effect no effect D1882
(use clear coat thermoset
urethane or acrylic ure-
thane finish)
A
For purposes of determining conformance with this specification, an observed value shall be rounded “to the nearest unit” in the last
...
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