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ASTM E372-01(2006)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determination of Calcium and Magnesium in Magnesium Ferrosilicon

Standard Test Method for Determination of Calcium and Magnesium in Magnesium Ferrosilicon

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method for the chemical analysis of metals and alloys is primarily intended to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications. It is assumed that all who use this test method will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the chemical analysis of magnesium ferrosilicon having chemical compositions within the following limits:
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For general precautions to be observed in this test method, refer to Practices E 50.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Oct-2006
ICS
77.040.30 - Chemical analysis of metals
Technical Committee
E01 - Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
Drafting Committee
E01.01 - Iron, Steel, and Ferroalloys
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E372-01 - Standard Test Method Determination of Calcium and Magnesium Ferrosilicon
Effective Date
01-Nov-2006

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ASTM E372-01(2006) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Calcium and Magnesium in Magnesium FerrosiliconASTM E372-01(2006) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Calcium and Magnesium in Magnesium Ferrosilicon
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ASTM E372-01(2006) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Calcium and Magnesium in Magnesium Ferrosilicon
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E372 − 01 (Reapproved2006)
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Calcium and Magnesium in Magnesium
Ferrosilicon
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E372; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E173 Practice for Conducting Interlaboratory Studies of
Methods for Chemical Analysis of Metals (Withdrawn
1.1 This test method covers the chemical analysis of mag-
1998)
nesium ferrosilicon having chemical compositions within the
following limits:
3. Significance and Use
Element Concentration Range, %
3.1 This test method for the chemical analysis of metals and
Aluminum 2.0 max
alloys is primarily intended to test such materials for compli-
Calcium 0.25 to 3.00
Carbon 0.50 max ance with compositional specifications. It is assumed that all
Cerium 1.0 max
who use this test method will be trained analysts capable of
Chromium 0.50 max
performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and
Magnesium 2.00 to 12.00
Manganese 1.0 max safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly
Silicon 40.00 to 55.00
equipped laboratory.
Sulfur 0.025 max
Titanium 0.2 max
4. Apparatus, Reagents, and Photometric Practice
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 Apparatus and reagents required for each determination
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
are listed in separate sections preceding the procedure. The
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
apparatus, standard solutions, and certain other reagents used
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For general
in more than one procedure are referred to by number and shall
precautions to be observed in this test method, refer to
conform to the requirements prescribed in Practices E50,
Practices E50.
except that photometers shall conform to the requirements
prescribed in Practice E60.
2. Referenced Documents
4.2 Photometric practice prescribed in this test method shall
2.1 ASTM Standards:
conform to Practice E60.
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
Determine Conformance with Specifications
5. Sampling
E32 Practices for Sampling Ferroalloys and Steel Additives
5.1 For procedures for sampling the material, refer to
for Determination of Chemical Composition
Methods E32.
E50 Practices for Apparatus, Reagents, and Safety Consid-
erations for Chemical Analysis of Metals, Ores, and
6. Rounding Calculated Values
Related Materials
E60 Practice for Analysis of Metals, Ores, and Related
6.1 Calculated values shall be rounded to the desired num-
Materials by Spectrophotometry
ber of places as directed in 3.4 to 3.6 of Practice E29.
7. Interlaboratory Studies
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E01 on
Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials and are the direct
7.1 This test method has been evaluated in accordance with
responsibility of Subcommittee E01.01 on Iron, Steel, and Ferroalloys.
Practice E173, unless otherwise noted in the precision and bias
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2006. Published November 2006. Originally
section.
approved in 1976. Redesignated E372 in 1980. Last previous edition approved in
2001 as E372 – 01. DOI: 10.1520/E0372-01R06.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E372 − 01 (2006)
CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM BY THE
B = EDTA solution required to titrate the calcium solution,
(ETHYLENEDINITRILO)TETRAACETIC ACID
mL.
(EDTA) TITRIMETRIC METHOD
12.3.3 Calculate the magnesium equivalent of the solution
as follows:
8. Scope
Magnesium equivalent, mg/mL 5 C 30.6068 (2)
8.1 This test method covers the determination of magne-
sium in concentrations from 2 to 12 % and calcium in
where C = calcium equivalent (12.3.2).
concentrations from 0.25 to 3.0 %.
12.4 Eriochrome Black-T Indicator Solution (6 g/L of
9. Summary of Test Method methanol)—Dissolve 0.3 g of Eriochrome Black-T and1gof
sodium borate decahydrate (Na B O ·10H O) in 50 mL of
2 4 7 2
9.1 Afterdissolutionofthesampleinnitricandhydrofluoric
methanol. Do not use a solution that has stood for more than 8
acids, an ammonium hydroxide precipitation is made to sepa-
h.
rate other elements from calcium and magnesium. Calcium,
and magnesium plus calcium are titrated in separate aliquot
12.5 Hydroxy Naphthol Blue Mixture—Add 1.0 g of indica-
portions after adding triethanolamine and potassium cyanide to tor to 100 g NaCl and mix thoroughly.
mask residual traces of iron, copper, nickel, manganese, and
12.6 Magnesium Chloride (2.5 g/L) —Dissolve 0.25 g of
aluminum that may be present. Calcium is titrated with
magnesium chloride hexahydrate (MgCl ·6H O) in 50 mL of
2 2
disodium (ethylenedinitrilo)tetraacetate (EDTA) at pH 12.
water, and dilute to 100 mL.
Magnesium plus calcium is titrated with EDTAat pH 10.0 and
themagnesiumconcentrationiscalculatedbycorrectingforthe 12.7 Potassium Cyanide Solution (50 g/L)—Dissolve2gof
potassium hydroxide (KOH) in water, add5gof potassium
volume of EDTA required to titrate the calcium.
cyanide (KCN) (Warning; see 12.7.1 ), dilute to 100 mL, and
10. Interferences
transfer to a plastic bottle.
12.7.1 Warning: The preparation, storage, and use of KCN
10.1 Provision is made for the removal or masking of
require care and attention. Avoid inhalation of fumes and
interfering elements ordinarily present in magnesium ferrosili-
exposure of the skin to the chemical and its solutions. Work in
con.
a well-ventilated hood. Refer to Section 7 of Practices E50.
11. Apparatus
12.8 Potassium Hydroxide Buffer Solution (pH 12.5)—
11.1 Beakers, TFE-fluorocarbon 500-mL.
Dissolve 531 g of KOH in water, add 50 g of KCN (Warning;
see 12.7.1 ), and dilute to 1 L. Store the solution in a plastic
11.2 pH Meter—Apparatus No. 3A.
container.
12. Reagents
12.9 Triethanolamine Solution (200
...

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ASTM E352-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Tool Steels and Other Similar Medium- and High-Alloy Steels

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods for the chemical analysis of metals and alloys are primarily intended as referee methods to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications particularly those under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory under appropriate quality control practices such as those described in Guide E882.
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1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of tool steels and other similar medium- and high-alloy steels having chemical compositions within the following limits:    
Element  
Composition Range, %  
Aluminum  
0.005 to 1.5  
Boron  
0.001 to 0.10  
Carbon  
0.03 to 2.50  
Chromium  
0.10 to 14.0  
Cobalt  
0.10 to 14.0  
Copper  
0.01 to 2.0  
Lead  
0.001 to 0.01  
Manganese  
0.10 to 15.00  
Molybdenum  
0.01 to 10.00  
Nickel  
0.02 to 4.00  
Nitrogen  
0.001 to 0.20  
Phosphorus  
0.002 to 0.05  
Silicon  
0.10 to 2.50  
Sulfur  
0.002 to 0.40  
Tungsten  
0.01 to 21.00  
Vanadium  
0.02 to 5.50  
1.2 The test methods in this standard are contained in the sections indicated below:    
Sections  
Carbon, Total, by the Combustion—
Thermal Conductivity Method—
Discontinued 1986  
125–135  
Carbon, Total, by the Combustion Gravimetric
Method—Discontinued 2012  
78–88  
Chromium by the Atomic Absorption
Spectrometry Method  
(0.006 % to 1.00 %)  
174–183  
Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate
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(0.10 % to 14.00 %)  
184–192  
Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate-Oxidation
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117–124  
Cobalt by the Ion-Exchange—
Potentiometric Titration Method  
(2 % to 14 %)  
52–59  
Cobalt by the Nitroso-R-Salt
Spectrophotometric Method  
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60–69  
Copper by the Neocuproine
Spectrophotometric Method  
(0.01 % to 2.00 %)  
89–98  
Copper by the Sulfide Precipitation-
Electrodeposition Gravimetric Method  
(0.01 % to 2.0 %)  
70–77  
Lead by the Ion-Exchange—Atomic
Absorption Spectrometry Method  
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99–108  
Manganese by the Periodate
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9–18  
Molybdenum by the Ion Exchange–
8-Hydroxyquinoline Gravimetric Method  
203–210  
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(0.01 % to 1.50 %)  
162–173  
Nickel by the Dimethylglyoxime
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144–151  
Phosphorus by the Alkalimetric Method  
(0.01 % to 0.05 %)  
136–143  
Phosphorus by the Molybdenum Blue
Spectrophotometric Method  
(0.002 % to 0.05 %)  
19–29  
Silicon by the Gravimetric Method  
(0.10 % to 2.50 %)  
45–51  
Sulfur by the Gravimetric
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29–35  
Sulfur by the Combustion-Iodate
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36–44  
Sulfur by the Chromatographic
Gravimetric Method—Discontinued 1980  
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(0.002 % to 0.10 %)  
152–161  
Vanadium by the Atomic
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(0.006 % to 0.15 %)  
193–202  
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Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Carbon Steel, Low-Alloy Steel, Silicon Electrical Steel, Ingot Iron, and Wrought Iron

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods for the chemical analysis of metals and alloys are primarily intended as referee methods to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications, particularly those under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committees A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and A04 on Iron Castings. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory under appropriate quality control practices such as those described in Guide E882.
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1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of carbon steels, low-alloy steels, silicon electrical steels, ingot iron, and wrought iron having chemical compositions within the following limits:    
Element  
Composition Range, %  
Aluminum  
0.001 to 1.50  
Antimony  
0.002 to 0.03  
Arsenic  
0.0005 to 0.10  
Bismuth  
0.005 to 0.50  
Boron  
0.0005 to 0.02  
Calcium  
0.0005 to 0.01  
Cerium  
0.005 to 0.50  
Chromium  
0.005 to 3.99  
Cobalt  
0.01 to 0.30  
Columbium (Niobium)  
0.002 to 0.20  
Copper  
0.005 to 1.50  
Lanthanum  
0.001 to 0.30  
Lead  
0.001 to 0.50  
Manganese  
0.01 to 2.50  
Molybdenum  
0.002 to 1.50  
Nickel  
0.005 to 5.00  
Nitrogen  
0.0005 to 0.04  
Oxygen  
0.0001 to 0.03  
Phosphorus  
0.001 to 0.25  
Selenium  
0.001 to 0.50  
Silicon  
0.001 to 5.00  
Sulfur  
0.001 to 0.60  
Tin  
0.002 to 0.10  
Titanium  
0.002 to 0.60  
Tungsten  
0.005 to 0.10  
Vanadium  
0.005 to 0.50  
Zirconium  
0.005 to 0.15  
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Sections  
Aluminum, Total, by the 8-Quinolinol Gravimetric
Method (0.20 % to 1.5 %)  
124–131  
Aluminum, Total, by the 8-Quinolinol
Spectrophotometric Method
(0.003 % to 0.20 %)  
76–86  
Aluminum, Total or Acid-Soluble, by the Atomic
Absorption Spectrometry Method
(0.005 % to 0.20 %)  
308–317  
Antimony by the Brilliant Green Spectrophotometric
Method (0.0002 % to 0.030 %)  
142–151  
Bismuth by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Method (0.02 % to 0.25 %)  
298–307  
Boron by the Distillation-Curcumin
Spectrophotometric Method
(0.0003 % to 0.006 %)  
208–219  
Calcium by the Direct-Current Plasma Atomic
Emission Spectrometry Method
(0.0005 % to 0.010 %)  
289–297  
Carbon, Total, by the Combustion Gravimetric Method
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Cerium and Lanthanum by the Direct Current Plasma
Atomic Emission Spectrometry Method
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249–257  
Chromium by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
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Cobalt by the Nitroso-R Salt Spectrophotometric
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Copper by the Sulfide Precipitation-Iodometric
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods for the chemical analysis of chromium metal and ferrochromium alloy are primarily intended to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications such as Specifications A101 and A481. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.
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Element  
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Aluminum  
0.25 max  
Antimony  
0.005 max  
Arsenic  
0.005 max  
Bismuth  
0.005 max  
Boron  
0.005 max  
Carbon  
9.00 max  
Chromium  
51.0 to 99.5  
Cobalt  
0.10 max  
Columbium  
0.05 max  
Copper  
0.05 max  
Lead  
0.005 max  
Manganese  
0.75 max  
Molybdenum  
0.05 max  
Nickel  
0.50 max  
Nitrogen  
6.00 max  
Phosphorus  
0.03 max  
Silicon  
12.00 max  
Silver  
0.005 max  
Sulfur  
0.07 max  
Tantalum  
0.05 max  
Tin  
0.005 max  
Titanium  
0.50 max  
Vanadium  
0.50 max  
Zinc  
0.005 max  
Zirconium  
0.05 max  
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[0.001 % to 0.005 %]  
10 – 20  
Lead by the Dithizone Spectrophotometric Test Method
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4.1 These test methods for the chemical analysis of beryllium metal are primarily intended as referee methods to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.
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0.05 to 0.30  
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97.5 to 100    
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0.05 to 0.30  
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0.005 to 0.10  
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0.005 to 0.10  
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0.05 to 0.30  
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0.02 to 0.15  
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0.005 to 0.10  
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0.02 to 0.15  
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10 – 19  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method for the chemical analysis of metals and alloys is primarily intended to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the determination of beryllium in copper-beryllium alloys in percentages from 0.1 % to 3.0 % by phosphate gravimetry.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is intended primarily for the sampling of copper and copper alloys for compliance with compositional specification requirements.  
4.2 The selection of correct test pieces and the preparation of a representative sample from such test pieces are necessary prerequisites to every analysis. The analytical results will be of little value unless the sample represents the average composition of the material from which it was prepared.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the sampling of copper (except electrolytic cathode) and copper alloys in either cast or wrought form for the determination of composition.  
1.2 Cast products may be in the form of cake, billet, wire bar, ingot, ingot bar, or casting.  
1.3 Wrought products may be in the form of flat, pipe, tube, rod, bar, shape, or forging.  
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1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are given for information only.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific precautionary statement appears in Appendix X4.  
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Standard Practice for Sampling Wrought Nonferrous Metals and Alloys for Determination of Chemical Composition

ABSTRACT
This practice covers the sampling, for the determination of chemical composition of nonferrous metals and alloys that have been reduced to their final form by mechanical working; that is, by such means as rolling, drawing, and extruding. The portion selection, sample preparation, sampling details, sample size and storage, and resampling are also detailed.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the sampling, for the determination of chemical composition (Note 1), of nonferrous metals and alloys that have been reduced to their final form by mechanical working; that is, by such means as rolling, drawing, and extruding.  
1.1.1 Refer to Practice E255 for copper and copper alloys.  
Note 1: The selection of correct portions of material and the preparation of a representative sample from such portions are necessary prerequisites to every analysis, the analysis being of no value unless the sample actually represents the average composition of the material from which it was selected.  
1.2 In special cases, when agreed upon by the purchaser and the manufacturer, the heat analysis may be accepted as representative of the composition of the finished product. In such cases, the identity of each heat of metal should be maintained through each stage of the manufacturing process to the final form. This method of sampling is not intended to apply under these conditions.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E1277-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Analysis of Zinc-5 % Aluminum-Mischmetal Alloys by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method for the chemical analysis of metals and alloys is primarily intended to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications. It is assumed that all those who use this test method will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the chemical analysis of zinc alloys having chemical compositions within the following limits:    
Element  
Composition Range, %  
Aluminum  
3.0–8.0  
Antimony  
0.002 max  
Cadmium  
0.025 max  
Cerium  
0.03–0.10  
Copper  
0.10 max  
Iron  
0.10 max  
Lanthanum  
0.03–0.10  
Lead  
0.026 max  
Magnesium  
0.05 max  
Silicon  
0.015 max  
Tin  
0.002 max  
Titanium  
0.02 max  
Zirconium  
0.02 max  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 Included are procedures for elements in the following composition ranges:    
Element  
Composition Range, %  
Aluminum  
3.0–8.0  
Cadmium  
0.0016–0.025  
Cerium  
0.005–0.10  
Iron  
0.0015–0.10  
Lanthanum  
0.009–0.10  
Lead  
0.002–0.026  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety hazards statements are given in Section 8, 11.2, and 13.1.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E3346-22(Guide)
Standard Guide for Combustion, Inert Gas Fusion and Hot Extraction Instruments for use in Analyzing Metals, Ores, and Related Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The chemical measurement processes covered by this guide are used for determination of Carbon, Sulfur, Nitrogen, Oxygen and Hydrogen in metals, ores and related materials. A test method utilizing this guidance is used to test such materials, and also form the basis for quality assurance of these materials. Thus, it is economically and scientifically critical that these instruments be understood by the laboratories that use them.  
5.2 It is assumed that all who use this guide will be trained analysts, capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully, and safely. It is expected that any work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.  
5.3 It is expected that the laboratory will prepare their own work procedures for any of the information described in this guide.  
5.4 This guide contains numerous references to “manufacturer’s recommendations”. The user of this guide is expected to refer to the instrument operation manual for the specific instrument being used or consult directly with the manufacturer to obtain instructions or recommendations.  
5.5 This guide stresses the conservation of certified reference materials (CRMs). CRMs should not be used for drift checks or conditioning measurments. Other materials should be developed and used for these operations.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers information for using Combustion, Inert Gas Fusion and Hot Extraction instruments to determine the mass fraction of the non-metallic elements Carbon, Sulfur, Nitrogen, Oxygen and Hydrogen in metals, ores and related materials.  
1.2 This guide does not specify all the operating conditions because of the differences among different manufacturer’s instruments. Laboratories should follow instructions provided by the manufacturer of the instrument.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 The information in this guide is contained in the sections indicated as follows:    
Sections  
Carbon/Sulfur by Combustion/Infrared Detection  
14 – 19  
Nitrogen/Oxygen by Inert Gas Fusion/Thermal Conductivity and Infrared Detection  
20 – 25  
Hydrogen by Inert Gas Fusion Instrumental Measurement and Hot Extraction/Various Detection Cell Technology  
26 – 31  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E1085-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Analysis of Low-Alloy Steels by Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is suitable for manufacturing control and for verifying that a product meets specifications. This test method provides rapid, multi-element determinations with sufficient accuracy to ensure product quality and to minimize production delays. The analytical performance data may be used as a benchmark to determine if similar X-ray spectrometers provide equivalent precision and accuracy, or if the performance of a particular X-ray spectrometer has changed.  
5.2 Calcium is sometimes added to steel to affect inclusion shape which enhances certain mechanical properties of steel. This test method is useful for determining the residual calcium in the steel after such treatment.  
5.2.1 Because calcium occurs primarily in inclusions, the precision of this test method is a function of the distribution of the calcium-bearing inclusions in the steel. The variation of determinations on freshly prepared surfaces will give some indication of the distribution of these inclusions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis of low-alloy steels for the following elements:    
Element  
Mass Fraction
Range, %  
Calcium  
0.001 to 0.007  
Chromium  
0.04 to 2.5  
Cobalt  
0.03 to 0.2  
Copper  
0.03 to 0.6  
Manganese  
0.04 to 2.5  
Molybdenum  
0.005 to 1.5  
Nickel  
0.04 to 3.0  
Niobium  
0.002 to 0.1  
Phosphorus  
0.010 to 0.08  
Silicon  
0.06 to 1.5  
Sulfur  
0.009 to 0.1  
Vanadium  
0.012 to 0.6  
1.1.1 Unless exceptions are noted, mass fraction ranges can be extended and additional elements can be included by the use of suitable reference materials and measurement conditions. Deviations from the published scope must be validated by experimental means. See Guide E2857 for information on validation options.  
1.2 The values stated in the International System of Units (SI) are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to other units that are provided for information only, because they may be used in older software and laboratory procedures.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 10.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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