E01.01 - Iron, Steel, and Ferroalloys

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods for the chemical analysis of metals and alloys are primarily intended as referee methods to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications, particularly those under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committees A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and A04 on Iron Castings. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory under appropriate quality control practices such as those described in Guide E882.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of carbon steels, low-alloy steels, silicon electrical steels, ingot iron, and wrought iron having chemical compositions within the following limits:    
Element  
Composition Range, %  
Aluminum  
0.001 to 1.50  
Antimony  
0.002 to 0.03  
Arsenic  
0.0005 to 0.10  
Bismuth  
0.005 to 0.50  
Boron  
0.0005 to 0.02  
Calcium  
0.0005 to 0.01  
Cerium  
0.005 to 0.50  
Chromium  
0.005 to 3.99  
Cobalt  
0.01 to 0.30  
Columbium (Niobium)  
0.002 to 0.20  
Copper  
0.005 to 1.50  
Lanthanum  
0.001 to 0.30  
Lead  
0.001 to 0.50  
Manganese  
0.01 to 2.50  
Molybdenum  
0.002 to 1.50  
Nickel  
0.005 to 5.00  
Nitrogen  
0.0005 to 0.04  
Oxygen  
0.0001 to 0.03  
Phosphorus  
0.001 to 0.25  
Selenium  
0.001 to 0.50  
Silicon  
0.001 to 5.00  
Sulfur  
0.001 to 0.60  
Tin  
0.002 to 0.10  
Titanium  
0.002 to 0.60  
Tungsten  
0.005 to 0.10  
Vanadium  
0.005 to 0.50  
Zirconium  
0.005 to 0.15  
1.2 The test methods in this standard are contained in the sections indicated as follows:    
Sections  
Aluminum, Total, by the 8-Quinolinol Gravimetric
Method (0.20 % to 1.5 %)  
124–131  
Aluminum, Total, by the 8-Quinolinol
Spectrophotometric Method
(0.003 % to 0.20 %)  
76–86  
Aluminum, Total or Acid-Soluble, by the Atomic
Absorption Spectrometry Method
(0.005 % to 0.20 %)  
308–317  
Antimony by the Brilliant Green Spectrophotometric
Method (0.0002 % to 0.030 %)  
142–151  
Bismuth by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Method (0.02 % to 0.25 %)  
298–307  
Boron by the Distillation-Curcumin
Spectrophotometric Method
(0.0003 % to 0.006 %)  
208–219  
Calcium by the Direct-Current Plasma Atomic
Emission Spectrometry Method
(0.0005 % to 0.010 %)  
289–297  
Carbon, Total, by the Combustion Gravimetric Method
(0.05 % to 1.80 %)—Discontinued 1995  
Cerium and Lanthanum by the Direct Current Plasma
Atomic Emission Spectrometry Method
(0.003 % to 0.50 % Cerium, 0.001 % to 0.30 %
Lanthanum)  
249–257  
Chromium by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Method (0.006 % to 1.00 %)  
220–229  
Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate Oxidation-Titration
Method (0.05 % to 3.99 %)  
230–238  
Cobalt by the Nitroso-R Salt Spectrophotometric
Method (0.01 % to 0.30 %)  
53–62  
Copper by the Sulfide Precipitation-Iodometric
Titration Method (Discontinued 1989)  
87–94  
Copper by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Method (0.004 % to 0.5 %)  
279–288  
Copper by the Neocuproine Spectrophotometric
Method (0.005 % to 1.50 %)  
114–123  
Lead by the Ion-Exchange—Atomic Absorption
Spectrometry Method
(0.001 % to 0.50 %)  
132–141  
Manganese by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Method (0.005 % to 2.0 %)  
269–278  
Manganese by the Metaperiodate Spectrophotometric
Method (0.01 % to 2.5 %)  
9–18  
Manganese by the Peroxydisulfate-Arsenite Titrimetric
Method (0.10 % to 2.50 %)  
164–171  
Molybdenum by the Thiocyanate Spectrophotometric
Method (0.01 % to 1.50 %)  
152–163  
Nickel by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Method (0.003 % to 0.5 %)  
318–327  
Nickel by the Dimethylglyoxim...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods for the chemical analysis of metals and alloys are primarily intended as referee methods to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications particularly those under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory under appropriate quality control practices such as those described in Guide E882.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of tool steels and other similar medium- and high-alloy steels having chemical compositions within the following limits:    
Element  
Composition Range, %  
Aluminum  
0.005 to 1.5  
Boron  
0.001 to 0.10  
Carbon  
0.03 to 2.50  
Chromium  
0.10 to 14.0  
Cobalt  
0.10 to 14.0  
Copper  
0.01 to 2.0  
Lead  
0.001 to 0.01  
Manganese  
0.10 to 15.00  
Molybdenum  
0.01 to 10.00  
Nickel  
0.02 to 4.00  
Nitrogen  
0.001 to 0.20  
Phosphorus  
0.002 to 0.05  
Silicon  
0.10 to 2.50  
Sulfur  
0.002 to 0.40  
Tungsten  
0.01 to 21.00  
Vanadium  
0.02 to 5.50  
1.2 The test methods in this standard are contained in the sections indicated below:    
Sections  
Carbon, Total, by the Combustion—
Thermal Conductivity Method—
Discontinued 1986  
125–135  
Carbon, Total, by the Combustion Gravimetric
Method—Discontinued 2012  
78–88  
Chromium by the Atomic Absorption
Spectrometry Method  
(0.006 % to 1.00 %)  
174–183  
Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate
Oxidation—Titration Method  
(0.10 % to 14.00 %)  
184–192  
Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate-Oxidation
Titrimetric Method—Discontinued 1980  
117–124  
Cobalt by the Ion-Exchange—
Potentiometric Titration Method  
(2 % to 14 %)  
52–59  
Cobalt by the Nitroso-R-Salt
Spectrophotometric Method  
(0.10 % to 5.0 %)  
60–69  
Copper by the Neocuproine
Spectrophotometric Method  
(0.01 % to 2.00 %)  
89–98  
Copper by the Sulfide Precipitation-
Electrodeposition Gravimetric Method  
(0.01 % to 2.0 %)  
70–77  
Lead by the Ion-Exchange—Atomic
Absorption Spectrometry Method  
(0.001 % to 0.01 %)  
99–108  
Manganese by the Periodate
Spectrophotometric Method  
(0.10 % to 5.00 %)  
9–18  
Molybdenum by the Ion Exchange–
8-Hydroxyquinoline Gravimetric Method  
203–210  
Molybdenum by the Thiocyanate Spectrophotometric Method  
(0.01 % to 1.50 %)  
162–173  
Nickel by the Dimethylglyoxime
Gravimetric Method  
(0.1 % to 4.0 %)  
144–151  
Phosphorus by the Alkalimetric Method  
(0.01 % to 0.05 %)  
136–143  
Phosphorus by the Molybdenum Blue
Spectrophotometric Method  
(0.002 % to 0.05 %)  
19–29  
Silicon by the Gravimetric Method  
(0.10 % to 2.50 %)  
45–51  
Sulfur by the Gravimetric
Method—Discontinued 1988  
29–35  
Sulfur by the Combustion-Iodate
Titration Method—Discontinued 2012  
36–44  
Sulfur by the Chromatographic
Gravimetric Method—Discontinued 1980  
109–116  
Tin by the Solvent Extraction—
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Method  
(0.002 % to 0.10 %)  
152–161  
Vanadium by the Atomic
Absorption Spectrometry Method  
(0.006 % to 0.15 %)  
193–202  
1.3 Test methods for the determination of carbon and sulfur not included in this standard can be found in Test Methods E1019.  
1.4 Some of the composition ranges given in 1.1 are too broad to be covered by a single test method and therefore this standard contains multiple test methods for some elements. The user must select the proper test method by matching the information given in the Scope and Interference sections of each test method with the composition of the alloy to be analy...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods for the chemical analysis of chromium metal and ferrochromium alloy are primarily intended to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications such as Specifications A101 and A481. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of chromium and ferrochromium having chemical compositions within the following limits:    
Element  
Composition, %  
Aluminum  
0.25 max  
Antimony  
0.005 max  
Arsenic  
0.005 max  
Bismuth  
0.005 max  
Boron  
0.005 max  
Carbon  
9.00 max  
Chromium  
51.0 to 99.5  
Cobalt  
0.10 max  
Columbium  
0.05 max  
Copper  
0.05 max  
Lead  
0.005 max  
Manganese  
0.75 max  
Molybdenum  
0.05 max  
Nickel  
0.50 max  
Nitrogen  
6.00 max  
Phosphorus  
0.03 max  
Silicon  
12.00 max  
Silver  
0.005 max  
Sulfur  
0.07 max  
Tantalum  
0.05 max  
Tin  
0.005 max  
Titanium  
0.50 max  
Vanadium  
0.50 max  
Zinc  
0.005 max  
Zirconium  
0.05 max  
1.2 The analytical procedures appear in the following order:    
Sections  
Arsenic by the Molybdenum Blue Spectrophotometric Test Method
[0.001 % to 0.005 %]  
10 – 20  
Lead by the Dithizone Spectrophotometric Test Method
[0.001 % to 0.05 %]  
21 – 31  
Chromium by the Sodium Peroxide Fusion-Titrimetric Test Method
[50.0 % to 99.5 %]  
32 – 38  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 6 and in special “Warning” paragraphs throughout these test methods.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice covers all aspects of sampling and preparing steel and iron for chemical analysis as defined in Test Methods, Practices, and Definitions A751 and Specification A48/A48M. Such subjects as sampling location and the sampling of lots are defined.  
4.2 This practice includes most requirements for sampling steel and iron for analysis. Standard test methods that reference this practice need contain only special modifications and exceptions.  
4.3 All who use these procedures should be trained samplers capable of performing common sampling operations skillfully and safely. Only proper sampling equipment should be used.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the sampling of all grades of steel, both cast and wrought, and all types (grades) of cast irons and blast furnace iron for chemical and spectrochemical determination of composition. This practice is similar to ISO 14284.  
1.2 This practice is divided into the following sections.    
Sections  
Requirements for Sampling and Sample Preparation  
6  
General  
6.1  
Sample  
6.2  
Selection of a Sample  
6.3  
Preparation of a Sample  
6.4  
Liquid Iron for Steelmaking and Pig Iron Production  
7  
General  
7.1  
Spoon Sampling  
7.2  
Probe Sampling  
7.3  
Preparation of a Sample for Analysis  
7.4  
Liquid Iron for Cast Iron Production  
8  
General  
8.1  
Spoon Sampling  
8.2  
Probe Sampling  
8.3  
Preparation of a Sample for Analysis  
8.4  
Sampling and Sample Preparation for the Determination of  
8.5  
Oxygen and Hydrogen  
Liquid Steel for Steel Production  
9  
General  
9.1  
Probe Sampling  
9.2  
Spoon Sampling  
9.3  
Preparation of a Sample for Analysis  
9.4  
Sampling and Sample Preparation for the Determination  
9.5  
of Oxygen  
Sampling and Sample Preparation for the Determination  
9.6  
of Hydrogen  
Pig Irons  
10  
General  
10.1  
Increment Sampling  
10.2  
Preparation of a Sample for Analysis  
10.3  
Cast Iron Products  
11  
General  
11.1  
Sampling and Sample Preparation  
11.2  
Sections  
Steel Products  
12  
General  
12.1  
Selection of a Laboratory Sample or a Sample for  
12.2  
Analysis from a Cast Product  
Selection of a Laboratory Sample or a Sample for  
12.3  
Analysis from a Wrought Product  
Preparation of a Sample for Analysis  
12.4  
Sampling of Leaded Steel  
12.5  
Sampling and Sample Preparation for the Determination  
12.6  
of Oxygen  
Sampling and Sample Preparation for the Determination  
12.7  
of Hydrogen  
Keywords  
13  
Annexes  
Sampling Probes for Use with Liquid Iron and Steel  
Annex A1  
Sampling Probes for Use with Liquid Steel for the  
Annex A2  
Determination of Hydrogen  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific statements, see 6.4.3.5, 9.4.4.3, 12.5.1, and Section 5.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The chemical composition of cast iron alloys shall be determined accurately in order to ensure the desired metallurgical properties. This procedure is suitable for manufacturing control and inspection testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the analysis of cast iron by spark atomic emission spectrometry for the following elements in the ranges shown (Note 1):
Ranges, %  
Elements  
Applicable Range, %  
Quantitative Range, %A  
Carbon  
1.9 to 3.8  
1.90 to 3.8  
Chromium  
0 to 2.0  
0.025 to 2.0  
Copper  
0 to 0.75  
0.015 to 0.75  
Manganese  
0 to 1.8  
0.03 to 1.8  
Molybdenum  
0 to 1.2  
0.01 to 1.2  
Nickel  
0 to 2.0  
0.02 to 2.0  
Phosphorus  
0 to 0.4  
0.005 to 0.4  
Silicon  
0 to 2.5  
0.15 to 2.5  
Sulfur  
0 to 0.08  
0.01 to 0.08  
Tin  
0 to 0.14  
0.004 to 0.14  
Titanium  
0 to 0.12  
0.003 to 0.12  
Vanadium  
0 to 0.22  
0.008 to 0.22
Note 1: The ranges of the elements listed have been established through cooperative testing of reference materials. These ranges can be extended by the use of suitable reference materials.  
1.2 This test method covers analysis of specimens having a diameter adequate to overlap the bore of the spark stand opening (to effect an argon seal). The specimen thickness should be sufficient to prevent overheating during excitation. A heat sink backing may be used. The maximum thickness is limited only by the height that the stand will permit.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is suitable for manufacturing control and for verifying that a product meets specifications. This test method provides rapid, multi-element determinations with sufficient accuracy to ensure product quality and to minimize production delays. The analytical performance data may be used as a benchmark to determine if similar X-ray spectrometers provide equivalent precision and accuracy, or if the performance of a particular X-ray spectrometer has changed.  
5.2 Calcium is sometimes added to steel to affect inclusion shape which enhances certain mechanical properties of steel. This test method is useful for determining the residual calcium in the steel after such treatment.  
5.2.1 Because calcium occurs primarily in inclusions, the precision of this test method is a function of the distribution of the calcium-bearing inclusions in the steel. The variation of determinations on freshly prepared surfaces will give some indication of the distribution of these inclusions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis of low-alloy steels for the following elements:    
Element  
Mass Fraction
Range, %  
Calcium  
0.001 to 0.007  
Chromium  
0.04 to 2.5  
Cobalt  
0.03 to 0.2  
Copper  
0.03 to 0.6  
Manganese  
0.04 to 2.5  
Molybdenum  
0.005 to 1.5  
Nickel  
0.04 to 3.0  
Niobium  
0.002 to 0.1  
Phosphorus  
0.010 to 0.08  
Silicon  
0.06 to 1.5  
Sulfur  
0.009 to 0.1  
Vanadium  
0.012 to 0.6  
1.1.1 Unless exceptions are noted, mass fraction ranges can be extended and additional elements can be included by the use of suitable reference materials and measurement conditions. Deviations from the published scope must be validated by experimental means. See Guide E2857 for information on validation options.  
1.2 The values stated in the International System of Units (SI) are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to other units that are provided for information only, because they may be used in older software and laboratory procedures.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 10.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The chemical composition of stainless steels must be determined accurately to ensure the desired metallurgical properties. This test method is suitable for manufacturing control and inspection testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method2 covers the analysis of austenitic stainless steel by spark atomic emission spectrometry for the following elements in the ranges shown    
Element  
Composition Range, %  
Chromium  
17.0 to 23.0  
Nickel  
7.5 to 13.0  
Molybdenum  
0.01 to 3.0    
Manganese  
0.01 to 2.0    
Silicon  
0.01 to 0.90  
Copper  
0.01 to 0.30  
Carbon  
0.005 to 0.25  
Phosphorus  
0.003 to 0.15  
Sulfur  
0.003 to 0.065  
1.2 This test method is designed for the analysis of chill-cast disks or inspection testing of stainless steel samples that have a flat surface of at least 13 mm (0.5 in.) in diameter. The samples must be sufficiently massive to prevent overheating during the discharge and of a similar metallurgical condition and composition as the reference materials.  
1.3 One or more of the reference materials must closely approximate the composition of the specimen. The technique of analyzing reference materials with unknowns and performing the indicated mathematical corrections (typically referred to as type standardization) may also be used to correct for interference effects and to compensate for errors resulting from instrument drift. A variety of such systems are commonly used. Any of these that will achieve analytical accuracy equivalent to that reported for this test method are acceptable.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The chemical composition of high manganese steel alloys must be determined accurately to ensure the desired metallurgical properties. This procedure is suitable for manufacturing control and inspection testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the analysis of high manganese steel by spark atomic emission spectrometry for the following elements in the ranges shown:    
Elements  
Composition Range, %  
Aluminum (Al)  
0.02 to 0.15  
Carbon (C)  
0.3 to 1.4  
Chromium (Cr)  
0.25 to 2.00  
Manganese (Mn)  
8.0 to 16.2  
Molybdenum (Mo)  
0.03 to 2.0  
Nickel (Ni)  
0.05 to 4.0  
Phosphorus (P)  
0.025 to 0.06  
Silicon (Si)  
0.25 to 1.5
Note 1: The ranges represent the actual levels at which this method was tested.2 These composition ranges can be extended by the use of suitable reference materials. Validation of these extensions may be conducted by following Practice E2587. Sulfur is not included because differences in results between laboratories exceeded acceptable limits at all sulfur levels.  
1.2 This test method may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods for the chemical analysis of ferroniobium alloy are primarily intended to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications such as Specification A550. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of ferroniobium having chemical compositions within the following limits:    
Element  
Composition, %  
Aluminum  
2.00 max  
Carbon  
0.30 max  
Chromium  
2.00 max  
Cobalt  
0.25 max  
Lead  
0.01 max  
Manganese  
3.00 max  
Niobium  
40.00 to 75.00  
Phosphorus  
0.05 max  
Silicon  
4.00 max  
Sulfur  
0.03 max  
Tantalum  
7.00 max  
Tin  
0.15 max  
Titanium  
5.00 max  
Tungsten  
0.50 max  
1.2 The test methods appear in the following order:    
Sections  
Separation of Niobium, Tantalum, and Titanium by the Ion-Exchange Test Method  
15 and 16  
Titanium by the Spectrophotometric Test Method [0.05 % to 5.0 %]  
17 – 21  
Niobium by the Gravimetric Test Method [40 % to 75 %]  
22 – 23  
Tantalum by the Gravimetric Test Method [1 % to 7 %]  
24 – 25  
Tantalum by the Spectrophotometric Test Method [0.25 % to 1 %]  
26 – 30  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 6, and specific warning statements in 11.1.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method for the spectrometric analysis of metals and alloys is primarily intended to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications. It is assumed that all who use this test method will be analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the simultaneous determination of 21 alloying and residual elements in carbon and low-alloy steels by spark atomic emission vacuum spectrometry in the mass fraction ranges shown Note 1.
Element  
Composition Range, %  
Applicable Range,
Mass Fraction %A  
Quantitative Range,
Mass Fraction %B  
Aluminum  
0 to 0.093  
0.006 to 0.093  
Antimony  
0 to 0.027  
0.006 to 0.027  
Arsenic  
0 to 0.1  
0.003 to 0.1  
Boron  
0 to 0.007  
0.0004 to 0.007  
Calcium  
0 to 0.003  
0.002 to 0.003  
Carbon  
0 to 1.1  
0.02 to 1.1  
Chromium  
0 to 8.2  
0.007 to 8.14  
Cobalt  
0 to 0.20  
0.006 to 0.20  
Copper  
0 to 0.5  
0.006 to 0.5  
LeadC  
0 to 0.2  
0.002 to 0.2    
Manganese  
0 to 2.0  
0.03 to 2.0  
Molybdenum  
0 to 1.3  
0.007 to 1.3  
Nickel  
0 to 5.0  
0.006 to 5.0  
Niobium  
0 to 0.12  
0.003 to 0.12  
Nitrogen  
0 to 0.015  
0.01 to 0.055  
Phosphorous  
0 to 0.085  
0.006 to 0.085  
Silicon  
0 to 1.54  
0.02 to 1.54  
Sulfur  
0 to 0.055  
0.001 to 0.055  
Tin  
0 to 0.061  
0.005 to 0.061    
Titanium  
0 to 0.2  
0.001 to 0.2    
Vanadium  
0 to 0.3  
0.003 to 0.3    
Zirconium  
0 to 0.05  
0.01 to 0.05
Note 1: The mass fraction ranges of the elements listed have been established through cooperative testing2 of reference materials.  
1.2 This test method covers analysis of specimens having a diameter adequate to overlap and seal the bore of the spark stand opening. The specimen thickness can vary significantly according to the design of the spectrometer stand, but a thickness between 10 mm and 38 mm has been found to be most practical.  
1.3 This test method covers the routine control analysis in iron and steelmaking operations and the analysis of processed material. It is designed for chill-cast, rolled, and forged specimens. Better performance is expected when reference materials and specimens are of similar metallurgical condition and composition. However, it is not required for all applications of this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This procedure is suitable for manufacturing control and for verifying that the product meets specifications. It provides rapid, multi-element determinations with sufficient accuracy to assure product quality. The analytical performance data included may be used as a benchmark to determine if similar X-ray spectrometers provide equivalent precision and accuracy, or if the performance of a particular spectrometer has changed.  
5.2 It is expected that this standard will be employed by analysts knowledgeable in the field of X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and experienced in the use of the apparatus specified in this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method2 covers the analysis of stainless and alloy steels by wavelength dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry for the determination of the following elements:    
Element  
Range, Mass Fraction %  
Chromium  
0.5 to 25  
Cobalt  
0.05 to 0.45  
Copper  
0.06 to 3.5    
Manganese  
0.3 to 5.5  
Molybdenum  
0.02 to 3.5    
Nickel  
0.6 to 35    
Niobium  
0.03 to 1.3    
Phosphorus  
0.01 to 0.03  
Silicon  
0.1 to 2    
Sulfur  
0.02 to 0.35  
Titanium  
0.008 to 0.5    
Vanadium  
0.02 to 0.25
Note 1: Unless exceptions are noted, mass fraction ranges can be extended by using suitable reference materials. Extended ranges must be verified by experimental means. This could include, but not be limited to, Interlaboratory studies, Round Robin exercises, and other validation approaches. See Guide E2857 for additional guidance.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 10.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These practices for the sampling of ferroalloys and steel additives are intended for use with test methods used to demonstrate compliance with composition specifications. It is assumed that all who use these methods will be trained samplers capable of performing common sampling procedures skillfully and safely.
SCOPE
1.1 These practices include procedures for the sampling of the various ferroalloys and steel additives, either before or after shipment from the plants of the manufacturers. They are designed to give results representative of each lot that will be comparable with the manufacturer's guaranteed analysis for the same lot. For check analysis, the purchaser may use any sampling procedure desired, but the analytical results obtained on such samples shall not be a basis for compliance or rejection, unless the procedure followed is of an accuracy equivalent to that prescribed in these methods.  
1.2 In sampling ferroalloys and steel additives, serious errors often occur from contamination of the samples by iron from the sampling appliances. Therefore, special precautions should be observed to avoid this source of error. Metallic iron may be removed with a magnet from nonmagnetic alloys; its estimation in other alloys requires special analytical procedures (Annex A1). To avoid this error, parts of crushers and pulverizing equipment contacting the samples shall be of steel or other material showing a high resistance to abrasion of the type involved.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods for the chemical analysis of metals and alloys are primarily intended as referee methods to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications, particularly those under the jurisdiction of the ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory under appropriate quality control practices such as those described in Guide E882.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of high-temperature, electrical, magnetic, and other similar iron, nickel, and cobalt alloys having chemical compositions within the following limits:    
Element  
Composition Range, %  
Aluminum  
0.005  
to  
18.00  
Beryllium  
0.001  
to  
0.05  
Boron  
0.001  
to  
1.00  
Calcium  
0.002  
to  
0.05  
Carbon  
0.001  
to  
1.10  
Chromium  
0.10  
to  
33.00  
Cobalt  
0.10  
to  
75.00  
Columbium (Niobium)  
0.01  
to  
6.0  
Copper  
0.01  
to  
10.00  
Iron  
0.01  
to  
85.00  
Magnesium  
0.001  
to  
0.05  
Manganese  
0.01  
to  
3.0  
Molybdenum  
0.01  
to  
30.0  
Nickel  
0.10  
to  
84.0  
Nitrogen  
0.001  
to  
0.20  
Phosphorus  
0.002  
to  
0.08  
Silicon  
0.01  
to  
5.00  
Sulfur  
0.002  
to  
0.10  
Tantalum  
0.005  
to  
10.0  
Titanium  
0.01  
to  
5.00  
Tungsten  
0.01  
to  
18.00  
Vanadium  
0.01  
to  
3.25  
Zirconium  
0.01  
to  
2.50  
1.2 The test methods in this standard are contained in the sections indicated below:    
Sections  
Aluminum, Total, by the 8-Quinolinol Gravimetric Method (0.20 %
to 7.00 %)  
100 – 107  
Carbon, Total, by the Combustion-Thermal Conductivity Method—Discontinued 1986  
124 – 134  
Carbon, Total, by the Combustion Gravimetric Method (0.05 % to
1.10 %)—Discontinued 2014  
79 – 89  
Chromium by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Method
(0.006 % to 1.00 %)  
165 – 174  
Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate Oxidation—Titration Method
(0.10 % to 33.00 %)  
175 – 183  
Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate-Oxidation Titrimetric Method—
Discontinued 1980  
116 – 123  
Cobalt by the Ion-Exchange-Potentiometric Titration Method (2 %
to 75 %)  
53 – 60  
Cobalt by the Nitroso-R-Salt Spectrophotometric Method (0.10 %
to 5.0 %)  
61 – 70  
Copper by Neocuproine Spectrophotometric Method (0.01 % to
10.00 %)  
90 – 99  
Copper by the Sulfide Precipitation-Electrodeposition Gravimetric
Method (0.01 % to 10.00 %)  
71 – 78  
Iron by the Silver Reduction Titrimetric Method (1.0 % to 50.0 %)  
192 –199  
Manganese by the Metaperiodate Spectrophotometric Method
(0.05 % to 2.00 %)  
9 – 18  
Molybdenum by the Ion Exchange—8-Hydroxyquinoline Gravi-
metric Method (1.5 % to 30 %)  
184 – 191  
Molybdenum by the Thiocyanate Spectrophotometric Method
(0.01 % to 1.50 %)  
153 – 164  
Nickel by the Dimethylglyoxime Gravimetric Method (0.1 % to
84.0 %)  
135 – 142  
Phosphorus by the Molybdenum Blue Spectrophotometric Method
(0.002 % to 0.08 %)  
19 – 30  
Silicon by the Gravimetric Method (0.05 % to 5.00 %)  
46 – 52    
Sulfur by the Gravimetric Method—Discontinued
1988  
Former 30 – 36  
Sulfur by the Combustion-Iodate Titration Method (0.005 % to
0.1 %)—Discontinued 2014  
37 – 45  
Sulfur by the Chromatographic Gra...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method for the chemical analysis of metals and alloys is primarily intended to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications. It is assumed that all who use this test method will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the chemical analysis of magnesium ferrosilicon having chemical compositions within the following limits:    
Element  
Composition Range, %  
Aluminum  
2.0 max  
Calcium  
0.25 to 3.00  
Carbon  
0.50 max  
Cerium  
1.0 max  
Chromium  
0.50 max  
Magnesium  
2.00 to 12.00  
Manganese  
1.0 max  
Silicon  
40.00 to 55.00  
Sulfur  
0.025 max  
Titanium  
0.2 max  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For general precautions to be observed in this test method, refer to Practices E50.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods for the chemical analysis of metals and alloys are primarily intended as referee methods to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications, particularly those under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory under appropriate quality control practices such as those described in Guide E882.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of stainless, heat-resisting, maraging, and other similar chromium-nickel-iron alloys having chemical compositions within the following limits:    
Element  
Composition Range, %  
Aluminum  
0.002  
to 5.50  
Boron  
0.001  
to 0.20  
Carbon  
0.01  
to 1.50  
Chromium  
0.01  
to 35.00  
Cobalt  
0.01  
to 15.00  
Niobium  
0.01  
to 4.00  
Copper  
0.01  
to 5.00  
Lead  
0.001  
to 0.50  
Manganese  
0.01  
to 20.00  
Molybdenum  
0.01  
to 7.00  
Nickel  
0.01  
to 48.00  
Nitrogen  
0.001  
to 0.50  
Phosphorus  
0.002  
to 0.35  
Selenium  
0.01  
to 0.50  
Silicon  
0.01  
to 4.00  
Sulfur  
0.002  
to 0.50  
Tantalum  
0.01  
to 0.80  
Tin  
0.001  
to 0.05  
Titanium  
0.01  
to 4.50  
Tungsten  
0.01  
to 4.50  
Vanadium  
0.005  
to 1.00  
Zirconium  
0.001  
to 0.20  
1.2 The test methods in this standard are contained in the sections indicated below:    
Sections  
Aluminum, Total, by the 8-Quinolinol Gravimetric Method (0.20 % to 7.00 %)  
119–126  
Aluminum, Total, by the 8-Quinolinol Spectrophotometric Method (0.003 % to 0.20 %)  
71–81  
Carbon, Total, by the Combustion–Thermal Conductivity Method–Discontinued 1986  
153–163  
Carbon, Total, by the Combustion Gravimetric Method (0.05 % to 1.50 %)–Discontinued 2013  
98–108  
Chromium by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Method (0.006 % to 1.00 %)  
202–211  
Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate Oxidation–Titration Method (0.10 % to 35.00 %)  
212–220  
Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate-Oxidation Titrimetric Method-Discontinued 1980  
145–152  
Cobalt by the Ion-Exchange–Potentiometric Titration Method (2 % to 15 %)  
53–60  
Cobalt by the Nitroso-R-Salt Spectrophotometric Method (0.01 % to 5.0 %)  
61–70  
Copper by the Neocuproine Spectrophotometric Method (0.01 % to 5.00) %)  
109–118  
Copper by the Sulfide Precipitation-Electrodeposition Gravimetric Method (0.01 % to 5.00 %)  
82–89  
Lead by the Ion-Exchange-Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Method (0.001 % to 0.50 %)  
127–136  
Manganese by the Periodate Spectrophotometric Method (0.01 % to 5.00 %)  
9–18  
Molybdenum by the Ion Exchange–8-Hydroxyquinoline Gravimetric Method  
242–249  
Molybdenum by the Thiocyanate Spectrophotometric Method (0.01 % to 1.50 %)  
190–201  
Nickel by the Dimethylglyoxime Gravimetric Method (0.1 % to 48.0 %)  
172–179  
Phosphorus by the Alkalimetric Method (0.02 % to 0.35 %)  
164–171  
Phosphorus by the Molybdenum Blue Spectrophotometric Method (0.002 % to 0.35 %)  
19–30  
Silicon by the Gravimetric Method (0.05 % to 4.00 %)  
46–52  
Sulfur by the Gravimetric Method-Discontinued 1988  
30–36  
Sulfur by the Combustion-Iodate Titration Method (0.005 % to 0.5 %)-Discontinued 2014  
37–45  
Sulfur by the Chromatographic Gravimetric Method-Discontinued 1980  
137–144  
Tin by the Solvent Extraction–Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Method (0.002 % to 0.10 %)  
180–189  
Tin by the Sulfide ...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is utilized for the determination of trace levels of antimony in carbon and low-alloy steel. It is assumed that the procedure will be performed by trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory practices skillfully and safely. It is expected that the work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory and proper waste disposal procedures will be followed.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of antimony in carbon and low-alloy steel in the 0.0005 % through 0.010 % range.  
1.2 If this test method is used to test materials having contents less than 0.001 % antimony, users of different laboratories will experience more than the usual 5 % risk that their results will differ by more than 50 % relative error.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods for the chemical analysis of metals and alloys are primarily intended as referee methods to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications, particularly those under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A04 on Iron Castings. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory under appropriate quality control practices such as those described in Guide E882.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of pig iron, gray cast iron (including alloy and austenitic), white cast iron, malleable cast iron, and ductile (nodular) iron having chemical compositions within the following limits:    
Element  
Composition Range, %  
Aluminum  
0.003 to 0.50  
Antimony  
0.005 to 0.03  
Arsenic  
0.02 to 0.10  
Bismuth  
0.001 to 0.03  
Boron  
0.001 to 0.10  
Cadmium  
0.001 to 0.005  
Carbon  
1.25 to 4.50  
Cerium  
0.005 to 0.05  
Chromium  
0.01 to 30.00  
Cobalt  
0.01 to 4.50  
Copper  
0.03 to 7.50  
Lead  
0.001 to 0.15  
Magnesium  
0.002 to 0.10  
Manganese  
0.06 to 2.50  
Molybdenum  
0.01 to 5.00  
Nickel  
0.01 to 36.00  
Phosphorus  
0.01 to 0.90  
Selenium  
0.001 to 0.06  
Silicon  
0.10 to 6.0    
Sulfur  
0.005 to 0.25  
Tellurium  
0.001 to 0.35  
Tin  
0.001 to 0.35  
Titanium  
0.001 to 0.20  
Tungsten  
0.001 to 0.20  
Vanadium  
0.005 to 0.50  
Zinc  
0.005 to 0.20  
1.2 The test methods in this standard are contained in the sections indicated below:    
Sections  
Carbon, Graphitic, by the Direct Combustion Infrared Absorption Method (1 % to 3 %)  
108–115  
Carbon, Total by the Combustion Gravimetric Method (1.25 % to 4.50 %)—Discontinued 2012  
97–107  
Cerium and Lanthanum by the Direct Current Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry Method (Ce: 0.003 % to 0.5 %; La: 0.001 % to 0.30 %)  
237–245  
Chromium by the Atomic Absorption Method (0.006 % to 1.00 %)  
208–217  
Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate Oxidation—Titration Method (0.05 % to 30.0 %)  
218–226  
Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate-Oxidation Titrimetric Method (0.05 % to 30.0 %)—Discontinued 1980  
144–151    
Cobalt by the Ion-Exchange—Potentiometric Titration Method (2.0 % to 4.5 %)  
53–60  
Cobalt by the Nitroso-R-Salt Spectrophotometric Method (0.01 % to 4.50 %)  
61–70  
Copper by the Neocuproine Spectrophotometric Method (0.03 % to 7.5 %)  
116–125  
Copper by the Sulfide Precipitation-Electrodeposition Gravimetric Method (0.03 % to 7.5 %)  
81–88  
Lead by the Ion-Exchange—Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Method (0.001 % to 0.15 %)  
126–135  
Magnesium by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Method (0.002 % to 0.10 %)  
71–80  
Manganese by the Periodate Spectrophotometric Method (0.10 % to 2.00 %)  
9–18  
Manganese by the Peroxydisulfate-Arsenite Titrimetric Method (0.10 % to 3.5 %)  
152–159  
Molybdenum by the Ion Exchange–8-Hydroxyquinoline Gravimetric Method  
257–264  
Molybdenum by the Thiocyanate Spectrophotometric Method (0.01 % to 1.5 %)  
196–207  
Nickel by the Dimethylglyoxime Gravimetric Method (0.1 % to 36.00 %)  
168–175  
Nickel by the Ion Exchange-Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Method (0.005 % to 1.00 %)  
176–185  
Phosphorus by the Alkalimetric Method (0.02 % to 0.90 %)  
160–167  
Phosphorus by the Molybdenum Blue Spectrophotometric Method (0.02 % to 0.90 %)  
19–30  
Silicon by the Gravimetric Method (0.1 % to 6.0 %)  
46–52  
Sulfur by the Gravimetric Method—Discontinued 1988  
30–36  
Sulfur by the Combustion-Iodate Titration Method (0.005 % to 0.25 %)—Discontinued 2012  
37–45  
Sulfur by the Chromatographic Gravimetric Method—Discontinued 1980  
136–143    
Tin by the Solvent Extraction-A...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods for the chemical analysis of metals and alloys are primarily intended to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts, capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of carbon, sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen, in steel, iron, nickel, and cobalt alloys having chemical compositions within the following limits:    
Element  
Mass Fraction Range, %  
Aluminum  
0.001 to 18.00  
Antimony  
0.002 to 0.03  
Arsenic  
0.0005 to 0.10  
Beryllium  
0.001 to 0.05  
Bismuth  
0.001 to 0.50  
Boron  
0.0005 to 1.00  
Cadmium  
0.001 to 0.005  
Calcium  
0.001 to 0.05  
Carbon  
0.001 to 4.50  
Cerium  
0.005 to 0.05  
Chromium  
0.005 to 35.00  
Cobalt  
0.01 to 75.0  
Niobium  
0.002 to 6.00  
Copper  
0.005 to 10.00  
Hydrogen  
0.0001 to 0.0030  
Iron  
0.01 to 100.0  
Lead  
0.001 to 0.50  
Magnesium  
0.001 to 0.05  
Manganese  
0.01 to 20.0  
Molybdenum  
0.002 to 30.00  
Nickel  
0.005 to 84.00  
Nitrogen  
0.0005 to 0.50  
Oxygen  
0.0005 to 0.03  
Phosphorus  
0.001 to 0.90  
Selenium  
0.001 to 0.50  
Silicon  
0.001 to 6.00  
Sulfur  
0.002 to 0.35  
Tantalum  
0.001 to 10.00  
Tellurium  
0.001 to 0.35  
Tin  
0.002 to 0.35  
Titanium  
0.002 to 5.00  
Tungsten  
0.005 to 21.00  
Vanadium  
0.005 to 5.50  
Zinc  
0.005 to 0.20  
Zirconium  
0.005 to 2.500  
1.2 The test methods appear in the following order:    
Sections  
Carbon, Total, by the Combustion and Infrared Absorption or Thermal Conductivity Detection Test Method  
10 – 20  
Nitrogen by the Inert Gas Fusion and Thermal Conductivity Detection Test Method  
32 – 42  
Oxygen by the Inert Gas Fusion and Infrared Absorption or Thermal Conductivity Detection Test Method  
43 – 54  
Sulfur by the Combustion-Infrared Absorption Detection Test Method  
55 – 65  
Sulfur by the Combustion–Infrared Absorption Test Method (Potassium Sulfate Calibration) – Discontinued 2018  
21 – 31  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in Section 6.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods for the chemical analysis of chromium metal and ferrochromium alloy are primarily intended to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications such as Specifications A101 and A481. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of chromium and ferrochromium having chemical compositions within the following limits:    
Element  
Composition, %  
Aluminum  
0.25 max  
Antimony  
0.005 max  
Arsenic  
0.005 max  
Bismuth  
0.005 max  
Boron  
0.005 max  
Carbon  
9.00 max  
Chromium  
51.0 to 75  
Cobalt  
0.10 max  
Columbium  
0.05 max  
Copper  
0.05 max  
Lead  
0.005 max  
Manganese  
0.75 max  
Molybdenum  
0.05 max  
Nickel  
0.50 max  
Nitrogen  
6.00 max  
Phosphorus  
0.03 max  
Silicon  
12.00 max  
Silver  
0.005 max  
Sulfur  
0.07 max  
Tantalum  
0.05 max  
Tin  
0.005 max  
Titanium  
0.50 max  
Vanadium  
0.50 max  
Zinc  
0.005 max  
Zirconium  
0.05 max  
1.2 The analytical procedures appear in the following order:    
Sections  
Arsenic by the Molybdenum Blue Spectrophotometric Test Method
[0.001 % to 0.005 %]  
10 – 20  
Lead by the Dithizone Spectrophotometric Test Method
[0.001 % to 0.05 %]  
21 – 31  
Chromium by the Sodium Peroxide Fusion-Titrimetric Test Method
[50 % to 75 %]  
32 – 38  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 6 and in special “Warning” paragraphs throughout these test methods.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The chemical composition of high manganese steel alloys must be determined accurately to ensure the desired metallurgical properties. This procedure is suitable for manufacturing control and inspection testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the analysis of high manganese steel by spark atomic emission spectrometry for the following elements in the ranges shown:    
Elements  
Composition Range, %  
Aluminum (Al)  
0.02 to 0.15  
Carbon (C)  
0.3 to 1.4  
Chromium (Cr)  
0.25 to 2.00  
Manganese (Mn)  
8.0 to 16.2  
Molybdenum (Mo)  
0.03 to 2.0  
Nickel (Ni)  
0.05 to 4.0  
Phosphorus (P)  
0.025 to 0.06  
Silicon (Si)  
0.25 to 1.5
Note 1: The ranges represent the actual levels at which this method was tested.2 These composition ranges can be extended by the use of suitable reference materials. Validation of these extensions may be conducted by following Practice E2587. Sulfur is not included because differences in results between laboratories exceeded acceptable limits at all sulfur levels.  
1.2 This test method may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods for the chemical analysis of metals and alloys are primarily intended as referee methods to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications, particularly those under the jurisdiction of the ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory under appropriate quality control practices such as those described in Guide E882.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of high-temperature, electrical, magnetic, and other similar iron, nickel, and cobalt alloys having chemical compositions within the following limits:    
Element  
Composition Range, %  
Aluminum  
0.005  
to  
18.00  
Beryllium  
0.001  
to  
0.05  
Boron  
0.001  
to  
1.00  
Calcium  
0.002  
to  
0.05  
Carbon  
0.001  
to  
1.10  
Chromium  
0.10  
to  
33.00  
Cobalt  
0.10  
to  
75.00  
Columbium (Niobium)  
0.01  
to  
6.0  
Copper  
0.01  
to  
10.00  
Iron  
0.01  
to  
85.00  
Magnesium  
0.001  
to  
0.05  
Manganese  
0.01  
to  
3.0  
Molybdenum  
0.01  
to  
30.0  
Nickel  
0.10  
to  
84.0  
Nitrogen  
0.001  
to  
0.20  
Phosphorus  
0.002  
to  
0.08  
Silicon  
0.01  
to  
5.00  
Sulfur  
0.002  
to  
0.10  
Tantalum  
0.005  
to  
10.0  
Titanium  
0.01  
to  
5.00  
Tungsten  
0.01  
to  
18.00  
Vanadium  
0.01  
to  
3.25  
Zirconium  
0.01  
to  
2.50  
1.2 The test methods in this standard are contained in the sections indicated below:    
Sections  
Aluminum, Total, by the 8-Quinolinol Gravimetric Method (0.20 %
to 7.00 %)  
100 – 107  
Carbon, Total, by the Combustion-Thermal Conductivity Method—Discontinued 1986  
124 – 134  
Carbon, Total, by the Combustion Gravimetric Method (0.05 % to
1.10 %)—Discontinued 2014  
79 – 89  
Chromium by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Method
(0.006 % to 1.00 %)  
165 – 174  
Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate Oxidation—Titration Method
(0.10 % to 33.00 %)  
175 – 183  
Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate-Oxidation Titrimetric Method—
Discontinued 1980  
116 – 123  
Cobalt by the Ion-Exchange-Potentiometric Titration Method (2 %
to 75 %)  
53 – 60  
Cobalt by the Nitroso-R-Salt Spectrophotometric Method (0.10 %
to 5.0 %)  
61 – 70  
Copper by Neocuproine Spectrophotometric Method (0.01 % to
10.00 %)  
90 – 99  
Copper by the Sulfide Precipitation-Electrodeposition Gravimetric
Method (0.01 % to 10.00 %)  
71 – 78  
Iron by the Silver Reduction Titrimetric Method (1.0 % to 50.0 %)  
192 –199  
Manganese by the Metaperiodate Spectrophotometric Method
(0.05 % to 2.00 %)  
9 – 18  
Molybdenum by the Ion Exchange—8-Hydroxyquinoline Gravi-
metric Method (1.5 % to 30 %)  
184 – 191  
Molybdenum by the Thiocyanate Spectrophotometric Method
(0.01 % to 1.50 %)  
153 – 164  
Nickel by the Dimethylglyoxime Gravimetric Method (0.1 % to
84.0 %)  
135 – 142  
Phosphorus by the Molybdenum Blue Spectrophotometric Method
(0.002 % to 0.08 %)  
19 – 30  
Silicon by the Gravimetric Method (0.05 % to 5.00 %)  
46 – 52    
Sulfur by the Gravimetric Method—Discontinued
1988  
Former 30 – 36  
Sulfur by the Combustion-Iodate Titration Method (0.005 % to
0.1 %)—Discontinued 2014  
37 – 45  
Sulfur by the Chromatographic Gra...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods for the chemical analysis of metals and alloys are primarily intended as referee methods to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications, particularly those under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory under appropriate quality control practices such as those described in Guide E882.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of stainless, heat-resisting, maraging, and other similar chromium-nickel-iron alloys having chemical compositions within the following limits:    
Element  
Composition Range, %  
Aluminum  
0.002  
to 5.50  
Boron  
0.001  
to 0.20  
Carbon  
0.01  
to 1.50  
Chromium  
0.01  
to 35.00  
Cobalt  
0.01  
to 15.00  
Niobium  
0.01  
to 4.00  
Copper  
0.01  
to 5.00  
Lead  
0.001  
to 0.50  
Manganese  
0.01  
to 20.00  
Molybdenum  
0.01  
to 7.00  
Nickel  
0.01  
to 48.00  
Nitrogen  
0.001  
to 0.50  
Phosphorus  
0.002  
to 0.35  
Selenium  
0.01  
to 0.50  
Silicon  
0.01  
to 4.00  
Sulfur  
0.002  
to 0.50  
Tantalum  
0.01  
to 0.80  
Tin  
0.001  
to 0.05  
Titanium  
0.01  
to 4.50  
Tungsten  
0.01  
to 4.50  
Vanadium  
0.005  
to 1.00  
Zirconium  
0.001  
to 0.20  
1.2 The test methods in this standard are contained in the sections indicated below:    
Sections  
Aluminum, Total, by the 8-Quinolinol Gravimetric Method (0.20 % to 7.00 %)  
119–126  
Aluminum, Total, by the 8-Quinolinol Spectrophotometric Method (0.003 % to 0.20 %)  
71–81  
Carbon, Total, by the Combustion–Thermal Conductivity Method–Discontinued 1986  
153–163  
Carbon, Total, by the Combustion Gravimetric Method (0.05 % to 1.50 %)–Discontinued 2013  
98–108  
Chromium by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Method (0.006 % to 1.00 %)  
202–211  
Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate Oxidation–Titration Method (0.10 % to 35.00 %)  
212–220  
Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate-Oxidation Titrimetric Method-Discontinued 1980  
145–152  
Cobalt by the Ion-Exchange–Potentiometric Titration Method (2 % to 15 %)  
53–60  
Cobalt by the Nitroso-R-Salt Spectrophotometric Method (0.01 % to 5.0 %)  
61–70  
Copper by the Neocuproine Spectrophotometric Method (0.01 % to 5.00) %)  
109–118  
Copper by the Sulfide Precipitation-Electrodeposition Gravimetric Method (0.01 % to 5.00 %)  
82–89  
Lead by the Ion-Exchange-Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Method (0.001 % to 0.50 %)  
127–136  
Manganese by the Periodate Spectrophotometric Method (0.01 % to 5.00 %)  
9–18  
Molybdenum by the Ion Exchange–8-Hydroxyquinoline Gravimetric Method  
242–249  
Molybdenum by the Thiocyanate Spectrophotometric Method (0.01 % to 1.50 %)  
190–201  
Nickel by the Dimethylglyoxime Gravimetric Method (0.1 % to 48.0 %)  
172–179  
Phosphorus by the Alkalimetric Method (0.02 % to 0.35 %)  
164–171  
Phosphorus by the Molybdenum Blue Spectrophotometric Method (0.002 % to 0.35 %)  
19–30  
Silicon by the Gravimetric Method (0.05 % to 4.00 %)  
46–52  
Sulfur by the Gravimetric Method-Discontinued 1988  
30–36  
Sulfur by the Combustion-Iodate Titration Method (0.005 % to 0.5 %)-Discontinued 2014  
37–45  
Sulfur by the Chromatographic Gravimetric Method-Discontinued 1980  
137–144  
Tin by the Solvent Extraction–Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Method (0.002 % to 0.10 %)  
180–189  
Tin by the Sulfide ...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods for the chemical analysis of metals and alloys are primarily intended as referee methods to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications particularly those under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory under appropriate quality control practices such as those described in Guide E882.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of tool steels and other similar medium- and high-alloy steels having chemical compositions within the following limits:    
Element  
Composition Range, %  
Aluminum  
0.005 to 1.5  
Boron  
0.001 to 0.10  
Carbon  
0.03 to 2.50  
Chromium  
0.10 to 14.0  
Cobalt  
0.10 to 14.0  
Copper  
0.01 to 2.0  
Lead  
0.001 to 0.01  
Manganese  
0.10 to 15.00  
Molybdenum  
0.01 to 10.00  
Nickel  
0.02 to 4.00  
Nitrogen  
0.001 to 0.20  
Phosphorus  
0.002 to 0.05  
Silicon  
0.10 to 2.50  
Sulfur  
0.002 to 0.40  
Tungsten  
0.01 to 21.00  
Vanadium  
0.02 to 5.50  
1.2 The test methods in this standard are contained in the sections indicated below:    
Sections  
Carbon, Total, by the Combustion—
Thermal Conductivity Method—
Discontinued 1986  
125–135  
Carbon, Total, by the Combustion Gravimetric
Method—Discontinued 2012  
78–88  
Chromium by the Atomic Absorption
Spectrometry Method  
(0.006 % to 1.00 %)  
174–183  
Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate
Oxidation—Titration Method  
(0.10 % to 14.00 %)  
184–192  
Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate-Oxidation
Titrimetric Method—Discontinued 1980  
117–124  
Cobalt by the Ion-Exchange—
Potentiometric Titration Method  
(2 % to 14 %)  
52–59  
Cobalt by the Nitroso-R-Salt
Spectrophotometric Method  
(0.10 % to 5.0 %)  
60–69  
Copper by the Neocuproine
Spectrophotometric Method  
(0.01 % to 2.00 %)  
89–98  
Copper by the Sulfide Precipitation-
Electrodeposition Gravimetric Method  
(0.01 % to 2.0 %)  
70–77  
Lead by the Ion-Exchange—Atomic
Absorption Spectrometry Method  
(0.001 % to 0.01 %)  
99–108  
Manganese by the Periodate
Spectrophotometric Method  
(0.10 % to 5.00 %)  
9–18  
Molybdenum by the Ion Exchange–
8-Hydroxyquinoline Gravimetric Method  
203–210  
Molybdenum by the Thiocyanate Spectrophotometric Method  
(0.01 % to 1.50 %)  
162–173  
Nickel by the Dimethylglyoxime
Gravimetric Method  
(0.1 % to 4.0 %)  
144–151  
Phosphorus by the Alkalimetric Method  
(0.01 % to 0.05 %)  
136–143  
Phosphorus by the Molybdenum Blue
Spectrophotometric Method  
(0.002 % to 0.05 %)  
19–29  
Silicon by the Gravimetric Method  
(0.10 % to 2.50 %)  
45–51  
Sulfur by the Gravimetric
Method—Discontinued 1988  
29–35  
Sulfur by the Combustion-Iodate
Titration Method—Discontinued 2012  
36–44  
Sulfur by the Chromatographic
Gravimetric Method—Discontinued 1980  
109–116  
Tin by the Solvent Extraction—
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Method  
(0.002 % to 0.10 %)  
152–161  
Vanadium by the Atomic
Absorption Spectrometry Method  
(0.006 % to 0.15 %)  
193–202  
1.3 Test methods for the determination of carbon and sulfur not included in this standard can be found in Test Methods E1019.  
1.4 Some of the composition ranges given in 1.1 are too broad to be covered by a single test method and therefore this standard contains multiple test methods for some elements. The user must select the proper test method by matching the information given in the Scope and Interference sections of each test method with the composition of the alloy to be analy...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods for the chemical analysis of metals and alloys are primarily intended as referee methods to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications particularly those under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory under appropriate quality control practices such as those described in Guide E882.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of tool steels and other similar medium- and high-alloy steels having chemical compositions within the following limits:    
Element  
Composition Range, %  
Aluminum  
0.005 to 1.5  
Boron  
0.001 to 0.10  
Carbon  
0.03 to 2.50  
Chromium  
0.10 to 14.0  
Cobalt  
0.10 to 14.0  
Copper  
0.01 to 2.0  
Lead  
0.001 to 0.01  
Manganese  
0.10 to 15.00  
Molybdenum  
0.01 to 10.00  
Nickel  
0.02 to 4.00  
Nitrogen  
0.001 to 0.20  
Phosphorus  
0.002 to 0.05  
Silicon  
0.10 to 2.50  
Sulfur  
0.002 to 0.40  
Tungsten  
0.01 to 21.00  
Vanadium  
0.02 to 5.50  
1.2 The test methods in this standard are contained in the sections indicated below:    
Sections  
Carbon, Total, by the Combustion—
Thermal Conductivity Method—
Discontinued 1986  
125–135  
Carbon, Total, by the Combustion Gravimetric
Method—Discontinued 2012  
78–88  
Chromium by the Atomic Absorption
Spectrometry Method  
(0.006 % to 1.00 %)  
174–183  
Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate
Oxidation—Titration Method  
(0.10 % to 14.00 %)  
184–192  
Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate-Oxidation
Titrimetric Method—Discontinued 1980  
117–124  
Cobalt by the Ion-Exchange—
Potentiometric Titration Method  
(2 % to 14 %)  
52–59  
Cobalt by the Nitroso-R-Salt
Spectrophotometric Method  
(0.10 % to 5.0 %)  
60–69  
Copper by the Neocuproine
Spectrophotometric Method  
(0.01 % to 2.00 %)  
89–98  
Copper by the Sulfide Precipitation-
Electrodeposition Gravimetric Method  
(0.01 % to 2.0 %)  
70–77  
Lead by the Ion-Exchange—Atomic
Absorption Spectrometry Method  
(0.001 % to 0.01 %)  
99–108  
Manganese by the Periodate
Spectrophotometric Method  
(0.10 % to 5.00 %)  
9–18  
Molybdenum by the Ion Exchange–
8-Hydroxyquinoline Gravimetric Method  
203–210  
Molybdenum by the Thiocyanate Spectrophotometric Method  
(0.01 % to 1.50 %)  
162–173  
Nickel by the Dimethylglyoxime
Gravimetric Method  
(0.1 % to 4.0 %)  
144–151  
Phosphorus by the Alkalimetric Method  
(0.01 % to 0.05 %)  
136–143  
Phosphorus by the Molybdenum Blue
Spectrophotometric Method  
(0.002 % to 0.05 %)  
19–29  
Silicon by the Gravimetric Method  
(0.10 % to 2.50 %)  
45–51  
Sulfur by the Gravimetric
Method—Discontinued 1988  
29–35  
Sulfur by the Combustion-Iodate
Titration Method—Discontinued 2012  
36–44  
Sulfur by the Chromatographic
Gravimetric Method—Discontinued 1980  
109–116  
Tin by the Solvent Extraction—
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Method  
(0.002 % to 0.10 %)  
152–161  
Vanadium by the Atomic
Absorption Spectrometry Method  
(0.006 % to 0.15 %)  
193–202  
1.3 Test methods for the determination of carbon and sulfur not included in this standard can be found in Test Methods E1019.  
1.4 Some of the composition ranges given in 1.1 are too broad to be covered by a single test method and therefore this standard contains multiple test methods for some elements. The user must select the proper test method by matching the information given in the Scope and Interference sections of each test method with the composition of the alloy to be analy...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The chemical composition of cast iron alloys shall be determined accurately in order to insure the desired metallurgical properties. This procedure is suitable for manufacturing control and inspection testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the analysis of cast iron by spark atomic emission spectrometry for the following elements in the ranges shown (Note 1):
Ranges, %  
Elements  
Applicable Range, %  
Quantitative Range, %A  
Carbon  
1.9 to 3.8  
1.90 to 3.8  
Chromium  
0 to 2.0  
0.025 to 2.0  
Copper  
0 to 0.75  
0.015 to 0.75  
Manganese  
0 to 1.8  
0.03 to 1.8  
Molybdenum  
0 to 1.2  
0.01 to 1.2  
Nickel  
0 to 2.0  
0.02 to 2.0  
Phosphorus  
0 to 0.4  
0.005 to 0.4  
Silicon  
0 to 2.5  
0.15 to 2.5  
Sulfur  
0 to 0.08  
0.01 to 0.08  
Tin  
0 to 0.14  
0.004 to 0.14  
Titanium  
0 to 0.12  
0.003 to 0.12  
Vanadium  
0 to 0.22  
0.008 to 0.22(A) Quantitative range as directed in Practice E1601.
Note 1: The ranges of the elements listed have been established through cooperative testing of reference materials. These ranges can be extended by the use of suitable reference materials.  
1.2 This test method covers analysis of specimens having a diameter adequate to overlap the bore of the spark stand opening (to effect an argon seal). The specimen thickness should be sufficient to prevent overheating during excitation. A heat sink backing may be used. The maximum thickness is limited only by the height that the stand will permit.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice covers all aspects of sampling and preparing steel and iron for chemical analysis as defined in Test Methods, Practices, and Definitions A751 and Specification A48/A48M. Such subjects as sampling location and the sampling of lots are defined.  
4.2 It is intended that this practice include most requirements for sampling steel and iron for analysis. Standard analytical methods that reference this practice need contain only special modifications and exceptions.  
4.3 It is assumed that all who use these procedures will be trained samplers capable of performing common sampling operations skillfully and safely. It is expected that only proper sampling equipment will be used.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the sampling of all grades of steel, both cast and wrought, and all types (grades) of cast irons and blast furnace iron for chemical and spectrochemical determination of composition. This practice is similar to ISO 14284.  
1.2 This practice is divided into the following sections.    
Sections  
Requirements for Sampling and Sample Preparation  
6  
General  
6.1  
Sample  
6.2  
Selection of a Sample  
6.3  
Preparation of a Sample  
6.4  
Liquid Iron for Steelmaking and Pig Iron Production  
7  
General  
7.1  
Spoon Sampling  
7.2  
Probe Sampling  
7.3  
Preparation of a Sample for Analysis  
7.4  
Liquid Iron for Cast Iron Production  
8  
General  
8.1  
Spoon Sampling  
8.2  
Probe Sampling  
8.3  
Preparation of a Sample for Analysis  
8.4  
Sampling and Sample Preparation for the Determination of  
8.5  
Oxygen and Hydrogen  
Liquid Steel for Steel Production  
9  
General  
9.1  
Probe Sampling  
9.2  
Spoon Sampling  
9.3  
Preparation of a Sample for Analysis  
9.4  
Sampling and Sample Preparation for the Determination  
9.5  
of Oxygen  
Sampling and Sample Preparation for the Determination  
9.6  
of Hydrogen  
Pig Irons  
10  
General  
10.1  
Increment Sampling  
10.2  
Preparation of a Sample for Analysis  
10.3  
Cast Iron Products  
11  
General  
11.1  
Sampling and Sample Preparation  
11.2  
Sections  
Steel Products  
12  
General  
12.1  
Selection of a Laboratory Sample or a Sample for  
12.2  
Analysis from a Cast Product  
Selection of a Laboratory Sample or a Sample for  
12.3  
Analysis from a Wrought Product  
Preparation of a Sample for Analysis  
12.4  
Sampling of Leaded Steel  
12.5  
Sampling and Sample Preparation for the Determination  
12.6  
of Oxygen  
Sampling and Sample Preparation for the Determination  
12.7  
of Hydrogen  
Keywords  
13  
Annexes  
Sampling Probes for Use with Liquid Iron and Steel  
Annex A1  
Sampling Probes for Use with Liquid Steel for the  
Annex A2  
Determination of Hydrogen  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific statements, see 6.4.3.5, 9.4.4.3, and 12.5.1 as well as Section 5.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods for the chemical analysis of metals and alloys are primarily intended as referee methods to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications, particularly those under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committees A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and A04 on Iron Castings. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory under appropriate quality control practices such as those described in Guide E882.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of carbon steels, low-alloy steels, silicon electrical steels, ingot iron, and wrought iron having chemical compositions within the following limits:    
Element  
Composition Range, %  
Aluminum  
0.001 to 1.50  
Antimony  
0.002 to 0.03  
Arsenic  
0.0005 to 0.10  
Bismuth  
0.005 to 0.50  
Boron  
0.0005 to 0.02  
Calcium  
0.0005 to 0.01  
Cerium  
0.005 to 0.50  
Chromium  
0.005 to 3.99  
Cobalt  
0.01 to 0.30  
Columbium (Niobium)  
0.002 to 0.20  
Copper  
0.005 to 1.50  
Lanthanum  
0.001 to 0.30  
Lead  
0.001 to 0.50  
Manganese  
0.01 to 2.50  
Molybdenum  
0.002 to 1.50  
Nickel  
0.005 to 5.00  
Nitrogen  
0.0005 to 0.04  
Oxygen  
0.0001 to 0.03  
Phosphorus  
0.001 to 0.25  
Selenium  
0.001 to 0.50  
Silicon  
0.001 to 5.00  
Sulfur  
0.001 to 0.60  
Tin  
0.002 to 0.10  
Titanium  
0.002 to 0.60  
Tungsten  
0.005 to 0.10  
Vanadium  
0.005 to 0.50  
Zirconium  
0.005 to 0.15  
1.2 The test methods in this standard are contained in the sections indicated as follows:    
Sections  
Aluminum, Total, by the 8-Quinolinol Gravimetric
Method (0.20 % to 1.5 %)  
124–131  
Aluminum, Total, by the 8-Quinolinol
Spectrophotometric Method
(0.003 % to 0.20 %)  
76–86  
Aluminum, Total or Acid-Soluble, by the Atomic
Absorption Spectrometry Method
(0.005 % to 0.20 %)  
308–317  
Antimony by the Brilliant Green Spectrophotometric
Method (0.0002 % to 0.030 %)  
142–151  
Bismuth by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Method (0.02 % to 0.25 %)  
298–307  
Boron by the Distillation-Curcumin
Spectrophotometric Method
(0.0003 % to 0.006 %)  
208–219  
Calcium by the Direct-Current Plasma Atomic
Emission Spectrometry Method
(0.0005 % to 0.010 %)  
289–297  
Carbon, Total, by the Combustion Gravimetric Method
(0.05 % to 1.80 %)—Discontinued 1995  
Cerium and Lanthanum by the Direct Current Plasma
Atomic Emission Spectrometry Method
(0.003 % to 0.50 % Cerium, 0.001 % to 0.30 %
Lanthanum)  
249–257  
Chromium by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Method (0.006 % to 1.00 %)  
220–229  
Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate Oxidation-Titration
Method (0.05 % to 3.99 %)  
230–238  
Cobalt by the Nitroso-R Salt Spectrophotometric
Method (0.01 % to 0.30 %)  
53–62  
Copper by the Sulfide Precipitation-Iodometric
Titration Method (Discontinued 1989)  
87–94  
Copper by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Method (0.004 % to 0.5 %)  
279–288  
Copper by the Neocuproine Spectrophotometric
Method (0.005 % to 1.50 %)  
114–123  
Lead by the Ion-Exchange—Atomic Absorption
Spectrometry Method
(0.001 % to 0.50 %)  
132–141  
Manganese by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Method (0.005 % to 2.0 %)  
269–278  
Manganese by the Metaperiodate Spectrophotometric
Method (0.01 % to 2.5 %)  
9–18  
Manganese by the Peroxydisulfate-Arsenite Titrimetric
Method (0.10 % to 2.50 %)  
164–171  
Molybdenum by the Thiocyanate Spectrophotometric
Method (0.01 % to 1.50 %)  
152–163  
Nickel by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Method (0.003 % to 0.5 %)  
318–327  
Nickel by the Dimethylglyoxim...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method for the spectrometric analysis of metals and alloys is primarily intended to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications. It is assumed that all who use this test method will be analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the simultaneous determination of 21 alloying and residual elements in carbon and low-alloy steels by spark atomic emission vacuum spectrometry in the mass fraction ranges shown Note 1.
Element  
Composition Range, %  
Applicable Range,
Mass Fraction %A  
Quantitative Range,
Mass Fraction %B  
Aluminum  
0 to 0.093  
0.006 to 0.093  
Antimony  
0 to 0.027  
0.006 to 0.027  
Arsenic  
0 to 0.1  
0.003 to 0.1  
Boron  
0 to 0.007  
0.0004 to 0.007  
Calcium  
0 to 0.003  
0.002 to 0.003  
Carbon  
0 to 1.1  
0.02 to 1.1  
Chromium  
0 to 8.2  
0.007 to 8.14  
Cobalt  
0 to 0.20  
0.006 to 0.20  
Copper  
0 to 0.5  
0.006 to 0.5  
Manganese  
0 to 2.0  
0.03 to 2.0  
Molybdenum  
0 to 1.3  
0.007 to 1.3  
Nickel  
0 to 5.0  
0.006 to 5.0  
Niobium  
0 to 0.12  
0.003 to 0.12  
Nitrogen  
0 to 0.015  
0.01 to 0.055  
Phosphorous  
0 to 0.085  
0.006 to 0.085  
Silicon  
0 to 1.54  
0.02 to 1.54  
Sulfur  
0 to 0.055  
0.001 to 0.055  
Tin  
0 to 0.061  
0.005 to 0.061    
Titanium  
0 to 0.2  
0.001 to 0.2    
Vanadium  
0 to 0.3  
0.003 to 0.3    
Zirconium  
0 to 0.05  
0.01 to 0.05(A) Applicable range in accordance with Guide E1763 for results reported in accordance with Practice E1950.(B) Quantitative range in accordance with Practice E1601.
Note 1: The mass fraction ranges of the elements listed have been established through cooperative testing2 of reference materials.  
1.2 This test method covers analysis of specimens having a diameter adequate to overlap and seal the bore of the spark stand opening. The specimen thickness can vary significantly according to the design of the spectrometer stand, but a thickness between 10 mm and 38 mm has been found to be most practical.  
1.3 This test method covers the routine control analysis in iron and steelmaking operations and the analysis of processed material. It is designed for chill-cast, rolled, and forged specimens. Better performance is expected when reference materials and specimens are of similar metallurgical condition and composition. However, it is not required for all applications of this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods for the chemical analysis of chromium metal and ferrochromium alloy are primarily intended to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications such as Specifications A101 and A481. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of chromium and ferrochromium having chemical compositions within the following limits:    
Element  
Composition, %  
Aluminum  
0.25 max  
Antimony  
0.005 max  
Arsenic  
0.005 max  
Bismuth  
0.005 max  
Boron  
0.005 max  
Carbon  
9.00 max  
Chromium  
51.0 to 99.5  
Cobalt  
0.10 max  
Columbium  
0.05 max  
Copper  
0.05 max  
Lead  
0.005 max  
Manganese  
0.75 max  
Molybdenum  
0.05 max  
Nickel  
0.50 max  
Nitrogen  
6.00 max  
Phosphorus  
0.03 max  
Silicon  
12.00 max  
Silver  
0.005 max  
Sulfur  
0.07 max  
Tantalum  
0.05 max  
Tin  
0.005 max  
Titanium  
0.50 max  
Vanadium  
0.50 max  
Zinc  
0.005 max  
Zirconium  
0.05 max  
1.2 The analytical procedures appear in the following order:    
Sections  
Arsenic by the Molybdenum Blue Spectrophotometric Test Method
[0.001 % to 0.005 %]  
10 – 20  
Lead by the Dithizone Spectrophotometric Test Method
[0.001 % to 0.05 %]  
21 – 31  
Chromium by the Sodium Peroxide Fusion-Titrimetric Test Method
[50 % to 75 %]  
32 – 38  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 6 and in special ”Warning” paragraphs throughout these test methods.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods for the chemical analysis of ferroniobium alloy are primarily intended to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications such as Specification A550. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of ferroniobium having chemical compositions within the following limits:    
Element  
Composition, %  
Aluminum  
2.00 max  
Carbon  
0.30 max  
Chromium  
2.00 max  
Cobalt  
0.25 max  
Lead  
0.01 max  
Manganese  
3.00 max  
Niobium  
40.00 to 75.00  
Phosphorus  
0.05 max  
Silicon  
4.00 max  
Sulfur  
0.03 max  
Tantalum  
7.00 max  
Tin  
0.15 max  
Titanium  
5.00 max  
Tungsten  
0.50 max  
1.2 The test methods appear in the following order:    
Sections  
Separation of Niobium, Tantalum, and Titanium by the Ion-Exchange Test Method  
15 and 16  
Titanium by the Spectrophotometric Test Method [0.05 % to 5.0 %]  
17 – 21  
Niobium by the Gravimetric Test Method [40 % to 75 %]  
22 – 23  
Tantalum by the Gravimetric Test Method [1 % to 7 %]  
24 – 25  
Tantalum by the Spectrophotometric Test Method [0.25 % to 1 %]  
26 – 30  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 6, and specific warning statements in 11.1.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is suitable for manufacturing control and for verifying that a product meets specifications. This test method provides rapid, multi-element determinations with sufficient accuracy to ensure product quality and to minimize production delays. The analytical performance data may be used as a benchmark to determine if similar X-ray spectrometers provide equivalent precision and accuracy, or if the performance of a particular X-ray spectrometer has changed.  
5.2 Calcium is sometimes added to steel to affect inclusion shape to enhance certain mechanical properties of steel. This test method is useful for determining the residual calcium in the steel after such treatment.  
5.2.1 Because calcium occurs primarily in inclusions, the precision of this test method is a function of the distribution of the calcium-bearing inclusions in the steel. The variation of determinations on freshly prepared surfaces will give some indication of the distribution of these inclusions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis of low-alloy steels for the following elements:    
Element  
Mass Fraction
Range, %  
Calcium  
0.001 to 0.007  
Chromium  
0.04 to 2.5  
Cobalt  
0.03 to 0.2  
Copper  
0.03 to 0.6  
Manganese  
0.04 to 2.5  
Molybdenum  
0.005 to 1.5  
Nickel  
0.04 to 3.0  
Niobium  
0.002 to 0.1  
Phosphorus  
0.010 to 0.08  
Silicon  
0.06 to 1.5  
Sulfur  
0.009 to 0.1  
Vanadium  
0.012 to 0.6
Note 1: Unless exceptions are noted, mass fraction ranges can be extended and additional elements can be included by the use of suitable reference materials and measurement conditions. Deviations from the published scope must be validated by experimental means. See Guide E2857 for information on validation options.  
1.2 The values stated in the International System of Units (SI) are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to other units that are provided for information only, because they may used in older software and laboratory procedures.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 10.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice covers all aspects of sampling and preparing steel and iron for chemical analysis as defined in Test Methods, Practices, and Definitions A751 and Specification A48/A48M. Such subjects as sampling location and the sampling of lots are defined.  
4.2 It is intended that this practice include most requirements for sampling steel and iron for analysis. Standard analytical methods that reference this practice need contain only special modifications and exceptions.  
4.3 It is assumed that all who use these procedures will be trained samplers capable of performing common sampling operations skillfully and safely. It is expected that only proper sampling equipment will be used.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the sampling of all grades of steel, both cast and wrought, and all types (grades) of cast irons and blast furnace iron for chemical and spectrochemical determination of composition. This practice is similar to ISO 14284.  
1.2 This practice is divided into the following sections.    
Sections  
Requirements for Sampling and Sample Preparation  
6  
General  
6.1  
Sample  
6.2  
Selection of a Sample  
6.3  
Preparation of a Sample  
6.4  
Liquid Iron for Steelmaking and Pig Iron Production  
7  
General  
7.1  
Spoon Sampling  
7.2  
Probe Sampling  
7.3  
Preparation of a Sample for Analysis  
7.4  
Liquid Iron for Cast Iron Production  
8  
General  
8.1  
Spoon Sampling  
8.2  
Probe Sampling  
8.3  
Preparation of a Sample for Analysis  
8.4  
Sampling and Sample Preparation for the Determination of  
8.5  
Oxygen and Hydrogen  
Liquid Steel for Steel Production  
9  
General  
9.1  
Probe Sampling  
9.2  
Spoon Sampling  
9.3  
Preparation of a Sample for Analysis  
9.4  
Sampling and Sample Preparation for the Determination  
9.5  
of Oxygen  
Sampling and Sample Preparation for the Determination  
9.6  
of Hydrogen  
Pig Irons  
10  
General  
10.1  
Increment Sampling  
10.2  
Preparation of a Sample for Analysis  
10.3  
Cast Iron Products  
11  
General  
11.1  
Sampling and Sample Preparation  
11.2  
Sections  
Steel Products  
12  
General  
12.1  
Selection of a Laboratory Sample or a Sample for  
12.2  
Analysis from a Cast Product  
Selection of a Laboratory Sample or a Sample for  
12.3  
Analysis from a Wrought Product  
Preparation of a Sample for Analysis  
12.4  
Sampling of Leaded Steel  
12.5  
Sampling and Sample Preparation for the Determination  
12.6  
of Oxygen  
Sampling and Sample Preparation for the Determination  
12.7  
of Hydrogen  
Keywords  
13  
Annexes  
Sampling Probes for Use with Liquid Iron and Steel  
Annex A1  
Sampling Probes for Use with Liquid Steel for the  
Annex A2  
Determination of Hydrogen  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific statements, see 6.4.3.5, 9.4.4.3, and 12.5.1 as well as Section 5.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These practices for the sampling of ferroalloys and steel additives are primarily intended to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications. It is assumed that all who use these methods will be trained samplers capable of performing common sampling procedures skillfully and safely.
SCOPE
1.1 These practices include procedures for the sampling of the various ferroalloys and steel additives, either before or after shipment from the plants of the manufacturers. They are designed to give results representative of each lot that will be comparable with the manufacturer's guaranteed analysis for the same lot. For check analysis, the purchaser may use any sampling procedure he desires, but the analytical results obtained on such samples shall not be a basis for complaint or rejection, unless the procedure followed is of an accuracy equivalent to that prescribed in these methods.  
1.2 In sampling ferroalloys and steel additives, serious errors often occur from contamination of the samples by iron from the sampling appliances. Therefore, special precautions should be observed to avoid this source of error. Metallic iron may be removed with a magnet from nonmagnetic alloys; its estimation in other alloys requires special analytical procedures (Note 1). To avoid this error, parts of crushers and pulverizing equipment contacting the samples shall be of steel or other material showing a high resistance to abrasion of the type involved.  
Note 1: Metallic iron in ferrochromium and ferrosilicon may be determined as follows: Transfer 5 g of the sample of alloy to a 150-mL beaker, add 25 mL of HNO3  (1 + 3), cover, boil 5 min, filter into a 250-mL beaker, and wash with hot water. Add NH4OH in slight excess, heat to boiling, filter, and wash with hot water. Dissolve the precipitate on the paper with a minimum quantity of hot HCl (1 + 2), wash the filter with hot water, and titrate the iron by a standard procedure such as that described in Test Method E354.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound values in parenthesis are given for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method for the spectrometric analysis of metals and alloys is primarily intended to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications. It is assumed that all who use this test method will be analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the simultaneous determination of 21 alloying and residual elements in carbon and low-alloy steels by spark atomic emission vacuum spectrometry in the mass fraction ranges shown Note 1.
Element  
Composition Range, %  
Applicable Range,
Mass Fraction %A  
Quantitative Range,
Mass Fraction %B  
Aluminum  
0 to 0.093  
0.006 to 0.093  
Antimony  
0 to 0.027  
0.006 to 0.027  
Arsenic  
0 to 0.1  
0.003 to 0.1  
Boron  
0 to 0.007  
0.0004 to 0.007  
Calcium  
0 to 0.003  
0.002 to 0.003  
Carbon  
0 to 1.1  
0.02 to 1.1  
Chromium  
0 to 8.2  
0.007 to 8.14  
Cobalt  
0 to 0.20  
0.006 to 0.20  
Copper  
0 to 0.5  
0.006 to 0.5  
Manganese  
0 to 2.0  
0.03 to 2.0  
Molybdenum  
0 to 1.3  
0.007 to 1.3  
Nickel  
0 to 5.0  
0.006 to 5.0  
Niobium  
0 to 0.12  
0.003 to 0.12  
Nitrogen  
0 to 0.015  
0.01 to 0.055  
Phosphorous  
0 to 0.085  
0.006 to 0.085  
Silicon  
0 to 1.54  
0.02 to 1.54  
Sulfur  
0 to 0.055  
0.001 to 0.055  
Tin  
0 to 0.061  
0.005 to 0.061    
Titanium  
0 to 0.2  
0.001 to 0.2    
Vanadium  
0 to 0.3  
0.003 to 0.3    
Zirconium  
0 to 0.05  
0.01 to 0.05(A) Applicable range in accordance with Guide E1763 for results reported in accordance with Practice E1950.(B) Quantitative range in accordance with Practice E1601.
Note 1: The mass fraction ranges of the elements listed have been established through cooperative testing2 of reference materials.  
1.2 This test method covers analysis of specimens having a diameter adequate to overlap and seal the bore of the spark stand opening. The specimen thickness can vary significantly according to the design of the spectrometer stand, but a thickness between 10 mm and 38 mm has been found to be most practical.  
1.3 This test method covers the routine control analysis in iron and steelmaking operations and the analysis of processed material. It is designed for chill-cast, rolled, and forged specimens. Better performance is expected when reference materials and specimens are of similar metallurgical condition and composition. However, it is not required for all applications of this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These practices for the sampling of metals and alloys are primarily intended to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications. It is assumed that all who use these methods will be trained samplers capable of performing common sampling procedures skillfully and safely.
SCOPE
1.1 These practices include procedures for the sampling of the various ferroalloys and steel additives, either before or after shipment from the plants of the manufacturers. They are designed to give results representative of each lot that will be comparable with the manufacturer's guaranteed analysis for the same lot. For check analysis, the purchaser may use any sampling procedure he desires, but the analytical results obtained on such samples shall not be a basis for complaint or rejection, unless the procedure followed is of an accuracy equivalent to that prescribed in these methods.
1.2 In sampling ferroalloys and steel additives, serious errors often occur from contamination of the samples by iron from the sampling appliances. Therefore, special precautions should be observed to avoid this source of error. Metallic iron may be removed with a magnet from nonmagnetic alloys; its estimation in other alloys requires special analytical procedures (Note 0). To avoid this error, parts of crushers and pulverizing equipment contacting the samples shall be of steel or other material showing a high resistance to abrasion of the type involved. Note 0Metallic iron in ferrochromium and ferrosilicon may be determined as follows: Transfer 5 g of the sample of alloy to a 150-mL beaker, add 25 mL of HNO3  (1 + 3), cover, boil 5 min, filter into a 250-mL beaker, and wash with hot water. Add NH4OH in slight excess, heat to boiling, filter, and wash with hot water. Dissolve the precipitate on the paper with a minimum quantity of hot HCl (1 + 2), wash the filter with hot water, and titrate the iron by a standard procedure such as that described in Test Method E 354.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound values in parenthesis are given for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
These practices included procedures for the sampling of the various ferroalloys and steel additives, either before or after shipment from the plants of the manufacturers.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee E01 on Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials, these practices were withdrawn in January 2015 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods for the chemical analysis of metals and alloys are primarily intended as referee methods to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications, particularly those under the jurisdiction of the ASTM Committee on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory under appropriate quality control practices such as those described in Guide E882.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of high-temperature, electrical, magnetic, and other similar iron, nickel, and cobalt alloys having chemical compositions within the following limits:    
Element  
Composition Range, %  
Aluminum  
0.005  
to  
18.00  
Beryllium  
0.001  
to  
0.05  
Boron  
0.001  
to  
1.00  
Calcium  
0.002  
to  
0.05  
Carbon  
0.001  
to  
1.10  
Chromium  
0.10  
to  
33.00  
Cobalt  
0.10  
to  
75.00  
Columbium (Niobium)  
0.01  
to  
6.0  
Copper  
0.01  
to  
10.00  
Iron  
0.01  
to  
85.00  
Magnesium  
0.001  
to  
0.05  
Manganese  
0.01  
to  
3.0  
Molybdenum  
0.01  
to  
30.0  
Nickel  
0.10  
to  
84.0  
Nitrogen  
0.001  
to  
0.20  
Phosphorus  
0.002  
to  
0.08  
Silicon  
0.01  
to  
5.00  
Sulfur  
0.002  
to  
0.10  
Tantalum  
0.005  
to  
10.0  
Titanium  
0.01  
to  
5.00  
Tungsten  
0.01  
to  
18.00  
Vanadium  
0.01  
to  
3.25  
Zirconium  
0.01  
to  
2.50  
1.2 The test methods in this standard are contained in the sections indicated below:    
Sections  
Aluminum, Total, by the 8-Quinolinol Gravimetric Method (0.20 % to
7.00 %)  
100  
Carbon, Total, by the Combustion-Thermal Conductivity Method  
Discontinued  
Carbon, Total, by the Combustion Gravimetric Method (0.05 % to
1.10 %)  
Discontinued  
Chromium by the Atomic Absorption Method (0.006 % to 1.00 %)  
165  
Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate Oxidation—Titration Method
(0.10 % to 33.00 %)  
175  
Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate-Oxidation Titrimetric Method  
Discontinued  
Cobalt by the Ion-Exchange-Potentiometric Titration Method (2 % to
75 %)  
53  
Cobalt by the Nitroso-R-Salt Spectrophotometric Method (0.10 % to 5.0 %)  
61  
Copper by Neocuproine Spectrophotometric Method (0.01 % to 10.00 %)  
90  
Copper by the Sulfide Precipitation-Electrodeposition Gravimetric
Method (0.01 % to 10.00 %)  
71  
Iron by the Silver ReductionTitrimetric Method (1.0 % to 50.0 %)  
192  
Manganese by the Periodate Spectrophotometric Method (0.05 % to 2.00 %)  
9  
Molybdenum by the Ion Exchange—8-Hydroxyquinoline Gravi-
metric Method (1.5 % to 30 %)  
184  
Molybdenum by the Spectrophotometric Method (0.01 % to 1.50 %)  
153  
Nickel by the Dimethylglyoxime Gravimetric Method (0.1 % to
84.0 %)  
135  
Phosphorus by the Molybdenum Blue Spectrophotometric Method
(0.002 % to 0.08 %)  
19    
Silicon by the Gravimetric Method (0.05 % to 5.00 %)  
46    
Sulfur by the Gravimetric Method  
Discontinued  
Sulfur by the Combustion-Iodate Titration Method (0.005 % to
0.1 %)  
Discontinued  
Sulfur by the Chromatographic Gravimetric Method  
Tin by the Solvent Extraction–Atomic Absorption Method (0.002 %
to 0.10 %)  
143  
1.3 Methods for the determination of carbon and sulfur not included in this standard can be f...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods for the chemical analysis of metals and alloys are primarily intended as referee methods to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications, particularly those under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A1 on Steel, Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory under appropriate quality control practices such as those described in Guide E882.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of stainless, heat-resisting, maraging, and other similar chromium-nickel-iron alloys having chemical compositions within the following limits:    
Element  
Composition Range, %  
Aluminum  
0.002  
to 5.50  
Boron  
0.001  
to 0.20  
Carbon  
0.01  
to 1.50  
Chromium  
0.01  
to 35.00  
Cobalt  
0.01  
to 15.00  
Niobium  
0.01  
to 4.00  
Copper  
0.01  
to 5.00  
Lead  
0.001  
to 0.50  
Manganese  
0.01  
to 20.00  
Molybdenum  
0.01  
to 7.00  
Nickel  
0.01  
to 48.00  
Nitrogen  
0.001  
to 0.50  
Phosphorus  
0.002  
to 0.35  
Selenium  
0.01  
to 0.50  
Silicon  
0.01  
to 4.00  
Sulfur  
0.002  
to 0.50  
Tantalum  
0.01  
to 0.80  
Tin  
0.001  
to 0.05  
Titanium  
0.01  
to 4.50  
Tungsten  
0.01  
to 4.50  
Vanadium  
0.005  
to 1.00  
Zirconium  
0.001  
to 0.20  
1.2 The test methods in this standard are contained in the sections indicated below:    
Sections  
Aluminum, Total, by the 8-Quinolinol Gravimetric Method (0.20 % to 7.00 %)  
119  
Aluminum, Total, by the 8-Quinolinol Spectrophotometric Method (0.003 % to 0.20 %)  
71  
Carbon, Total, by the Combustion–Thermal Conductivity Method  
Discontinued  
Carbon, Total, by the Combustion Gravimetric Method (0.05 % to 1.50 %)  
Discontinued  
Chromium by the Atomic Absorption Method (0.006 % to 1.00 %)  
202  
Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate Oxidation–Titration Method (0.10 % to 35.00 %)  
212  
Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate-Oxidation Titrimetric Method  
Discontinued  
Cobalt by the Ion-Exchange–Potentiometric Titration Method (2 % to 15 %)  
53  
Cobalt by the Nitroso-R-Salt Spectrophotometric Method (0.01 % to 5.0 %)  
61  
Copper by the Neocuproine Spectrophotometric Method (0.01 % to 5.00) %)  
109  
Copper by the Sulfide Precipitation-Electrodeposition Gravimetric Method (0.01 % to 5.00 %)  
82  
Lead by the Ion-Exchange-Atomic Absorption Method (0.001 % to 0.50 %)  
127  
Manganese by the Periodate Spectrophotometric Method (0.01 % to 5.00 %)  
8  
Molybdenum by the Ion Exchange–8-Hydroxyquinoline Gravimetric Method  
242  
Molybdenum by the Spectrophotometric Method (0.01 % to 1.50 %)  
190  
Nickel by the Dimethylglyoxime Gravimetric Method (0.1 % to 48.0 %)  
172  
Phosphorus by the Alkalimetric Method (0.02 % to 0.35 %)  
164  
Phosphorus by the Molybdenum Blue Spectrophotometric Method (0.002 % to 0.35 %)  
18  
Silicon by the Gravimetric Method (0.05 % to 4.00 %)  
46  
Sulfur by the Gravimetric Method  
Discontinued  
Sulfur by the Combustion-Iodate Titration Method (0.005 % to 0.5 %)  
Discontinued  
Sulfur by the Chromatographic Gravimetric Method  
Discontinued  
Tin by the Solvent Extraction–Atomic Absorption Method (0.002 % to 0.10 %)  
180  
Tin by the Sulfide-Iodometric Titration Method (0.01 % to 0.05 %)  
90  
Titanium, Total, by the Diantipyrylmethane Spectrophotometric Method (0.01 % to 0.35 %)  
231  
Vanadium by the Atomic Absorp...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method for the spectrometric analysis of metals and alloys is primarily intended to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications. It is assumed that all who use this test method will be analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the simultaneous determination of 20 alloying and residual elements in carbon and low-alloy steels by spark atomic emission vacuum spectrometry in the mass fraction ranges shown (Note 1).
Note 1—The mass fraction ranges of the elements listed have been established through cooperative testing2 of reference materials. Included, in addition to the original data of Test Method E415 – 71, are data from cooperative testing of a broader range of reference materials to expand the element mass fraction ranges.  
1.2 This test method covers analysis of specimens having a diameter adequate to overlap and seal the bore of the spark stand opening. The specimen thickness can vary significantly according to the design of the spectrometer stand, but a thickness between 10 mm and 38 mm has been found to be most practical.  
1.3 This test method covers the routine control analysis in iron and steelmaking operations and the analysis of processed material. It is designed for chill-cast, rolled, and forged specimens. Better performance is expected when reference materials and specimens are of similar metallurgical condition and composition. However, it is not required for all applications of this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The chemical composition of stainless steels must be determined accurately to ensure the desired metallurgical properties. This procedure is suitable for manufacturing control and inspection testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method2 covers the analysis of austenitic stainless steel by spark atomic emission vacuum spectrometry for the following elements in the ranges shown    
Element  
Composition Range, %  
Chromium  
17.0 to 23.0  
Nickel  
7.5 to 13.0  
Molybdenum  
0.01 to 3.0    
Manganese  
0.01 to 2.0    
Silicon  
0.01 to 0.90  
Copper  
0.01 to 0.30  
Carbon  
0.005 to 0.25  
Phosphorus  
0.003 to 0.15  
Sulfur  
0.003 to 0.065
1.2 This test method is designed for the routine analysis of chill-cast disks or inspection testing of stainless steel samples that have a flat surface of at least 13 mm (0.5 in.) in diameter. The samples must be sufficiently massive to prevent overheating during the discharge and of a similar metallurgical condition and composition as the reference materials.  
1.3 One or more of the reference materials must closely approximate the composition of the specimen. The technique of analyzing reference materials with unknowns and performing the indicated mathematical corrections may also be used to correct for interference effects and to compensate for errors resulting from instrument drift. A variety of such systems are commonly used. Any of these that will achieve analytical accuracy equivalent to that reported for this test method are acceptable.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The chemical composition of high manganese steel alloys must be determined accurately to ensure the desired metallurgical properties. This procedure is suitable for manufacturing control and inspection testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides for the analysis of high manganese steel by spark atomic emission spectrometry for the following elements in the ranges shown:    
Elements  
Conposition Range, %  
Aluminum (Al)  
0.02 to 0.15  
Carbon (C)  
0.3 to 1.4  
Chromium (Cr)  
0.25 to 2.00  
Manganese (Mn)  
8.0 to 16.2  
Molybdenum (Mo)  
0.03 to 2.0  
Nickel (Ni)  
0.05 to 4.0  
Phosphorus (P)  
0.025 to 0.06  
Silicon (Si)  
0.25 to 1.5
Note 1—The ranges represent the actual levels at which this method was tested.2 These composition ranges can be extended to higher compositions by the use of suitable reference materials. Sulfur is not included because differences in results between laboratories exceeded acceptable limits at all analyte levels.  
1.2 This test method may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is utilized for the determination of trace levels of antimony in carbon and low-alloy steel. It is assumed that the procedure will be performed by trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory practices skillfully and safely. It is expected that the work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory and proper waste disposal procedures will be followed.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of antimony in carbon and low-alloy steel in the 0.0005 % through 0.010 % range.  
1.2 If this test method is used to test materials having contents less than 0.001 % antimony, users of different laboratories will experience more than the usual 5 % risk that their results will differ by more than 50 % relative error.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method for the chemical analysis of metals and alloys is primarily intended to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications. It is assumed that all who use this test method will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the chemical analysis of magnesium ferrosilicon having chemical compositions within the following limits:
Element  
Composition Range, %  
Aluminum  
2.0 max  
Calcium  
0.25 to 3.00  
Carbon  
0.50 max  
Cerium  
1.0 max  
Chromium  
0.50 max  
Magnesium  
2.00 to 12.00  
Manganese  
1.0 max  
Silicon  
40.00 to 55.00  
Sulfur  
0.025 max  
Titanium  
0.2 max
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For general precautions to be observed in this test method, refer to Practices E50.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This procedure is suitable for manufacturing control and for verifying that the product meets specifications. It provides rapid, multi-element determinations with sufficient accuracy to assure product quality. The analytical performance data included may be used as a benchmark to determine if similar X-ray spectrometers provide equivalent precision and accuracy, or if the performance of a particular spectrometer has changed.  
5.2 It is expected that this standard will be employed by analysts knowledgeable in the field of X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and experienced in the use of the apparatus specified in this standard.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method2 covers the analysis of stainless and alloy steels by wavelength dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry for the determination of the following elements:    
Element  
Range, Mass Fraction %  
Chromium  
1 to 25  
Cobalt  
0.05 to 0.45  
Copper  
0.06 to 3.5    
Manganese  
0.3 to 5.5  
Molybdenum  
0.05 to 3.5    
Nickel  
0.7 to 35    
Niobium  
0.06 to 1.3    
Phosphorus  
0.01 to 0.03  
Silicon  
0.2 to 2    
Sulfur  
0.02 to 0.35  
Titanium  
0.013 to 0.5    
Vanadium  
0.04 to 0.25
Note 1—Mass fraction ranges can be extended upward by demonstration of accurate calibrations using suitable reference materials.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 10.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods for the chemical analysis of metals and alloys are primarily intended as referee methods to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications, particularly those under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A04 on Iron Castings. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory under appropriate quality control practices such as those described in Guide E882.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of pig iron, gray cast iron (including alloy and austenitic), white cast iron, malleable cast iron, and ductile (nodular) iron having chemical compositions within the following limits:
Element  
Composition Range, %  
Aluminum  
0.003 to 0.50  
Antimony  
0.005 to 0.03  
Arsenic  
0.02 to 0.10  
Bismuth  
0.001 to 0.03  
Boron  
0.001 to 0.10  
Cadmium  
0.001 to 0.005  
Carbon  
1.25 to 4.50  
Cerium  
0.005 to 0.05  
Chromium  
0.01 to 30.00  
Cobalt  
0.01 to 4.50  
Copper  
0.03 to 7.50  
Lead  
0.001 to 0.15  
Magnesium  
0.002 to 0.10  
Manganese  
0.06 to 2.50  
Molybdenum  
0.01 to 5.00  
Nickel  
0.01 to 36.00  
Phosphorus  
0.01 to 0.90  
Selenium  
0.001 to 0.06  
Silicon  
0.10 to 6.0    
Sulfur  
0.005 to 0.25  
Tellurium  
0.001 to 0.35  
Tin  
0.001 to 0.35  
Titanium  
0.001 to 0.20  
Tungsten  
0.001 to 0.20  
Vanadium  
0.005 to 0.50  
Zinc  
0.005 to 0.20
1.2 The test methods in this standard are contained in the sections indicated below:    
Sections  
Carbon, Graphitic, by the Direct Combustion Infrared Absorption Method (1 % to 3 %)  
108  
Carbon, Total by the Combustion Gravimetric Method (1.25 % to 4.50 %)—Discontinued  
97  
Cerium and Lanthanum by the Direct Current Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry Method (Ce: 0.003 % to 0.5 %; La: 0.001 % to 0.30 %)  
237  
Chromium by the Atomic Absorption Method (0.006 % to 1.00 %)  
208  
Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate Oxidation—Titration Method (0.006 % to 1.00 %)  
218  
Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate-Oxidation Titrimetric Method (0.05 % to 30.0 %)—Discontinued  
Cobalt by the Ion-Exchange—Potentiometric Titration Method (2.0 % to 4.5 %)  
53  
Cobalt by the Nitroso-R-Salt Spectrophotometric Method (0.01 % to 4.50 %)  
61  
Copper by the Neocuproine Spectrophotometric Method (0.03 % to 7.5 %)  
116  
Copper by the Sulfide Precipitation-Electrodeposition Gravimetric Method (0.03 % to 7.5 %)  
81  
Lead by the Ion-Exchange—Atomic Absorption Method (0.001 % to 0.15 %)  
126  
Magnesium by the Atomic Absorption Method (0.002 % to 0.10 %)  
71  
Manganese by the Periodate Spectrophotometric Method (0.10 % to 2.00 %)  
8  
Manganese by the Peroxydisulfate-Arsenite Titrimetric Method (0.10 % to 3.5 %)  
152  
Molybdenum by the Ion Exchange–8-Hydroxyquinoline Gravimetric Method  
257  
Molybdenum by the Spectrophotometric Method (0.01 % to 1.5 %)  
196  
Nickel by the Dimethylglyoxime Gravimetric Method (0.1 % to 36.00 %)  
168  
Nickel by the Ion Exchange-Atomic Absorption Method (0.005 % to 1.00 %)  
176  
Phosphorus by the Alkalimetric Method (0.02 % to 0.90 %)  
160  
Phosphorus by the Molybdenum Blue Spectrophotometric Method (0.02 % to 0.90 %)  
18  
Silicon by the Gravimetric Method (0.1 % to 6.0 %)  
46  
Sulfur by the Gravimetric Method—Discontinued  
30  
Sulfur by the Combustion-Iodate Titration Method (0.005 % to 0.25 %)—Discontinued  
37  
Sulfur by the Chromatographic Gravimetric Method—Discontinued  
Tin by the Solvent Extraction-Atomic Absorption Method (0.002 % to 0.10 %)  
186  
Tin by the Sulfide-Iodometric Titration Method (0.01 % to 0.35 %)  
89  
Titanium, Total, by the Diant...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods for the chemical analysis of metals and alloys are primarily intended as referee methods to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications particularly those under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A1 on Steel, Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory under appropriate quality control practices such as those described in Guide E882.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of tool steels and other similar medium- and high-alloy steels having chemical compositions within the following limits:
Element  
Composition Range, %  
Aluminum  
0.005 to 1.5  
Boron  
0.001 to 0.10  
Carbon  
0.03 to 2.50  
Chromium  
0.10 to 14.0  
Cobalt  
0.10 to 14.0  
Copper  
0.01 to 2.0  
Lead  
0.001 to 0.01  
Manganese  
0.10 to 15.00  
Molybdenum  
0.01 to 10.00  
Nickel  
0.02 to 4.00  
Nitrogen  
0.001 to 0.20  
Phosphorus  
0.002 to 0.05  
Silicon  
0.10 to 2.50  
Sulfur  
0.002 to 0.40  
Tungsten  
0.01 to 21.00  
Vanadium  
0.02 to 5.50
1.2 The test methods in this standard are contained in the sections indicated below:
Sections  
Carbon, Total, by the Combustion—
Thermal Conductivity Method—
Discontinued 1986  
Carbon, Total, by the Combustion Gravimetrical
Method—Discontinued  
Chromium by the Atomic Absorption Method  
(0.006 % to 1.00 %)  
174  
Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate
Oxidation—Titration Method  
(0.10 % to 14.00 %)  
184  
Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate-Oxidation
Titrimetric Method—Discontinued 1980  
Cobalt by the Ion-Exchange—
Potentiometric Titration Method  
(2 % to 14 %)  
52  
Cobalt by the Nitroso-R-Salt
Spectrophotometric Method  
(0.10 % to 5.0 %)  
60  
Copper by the Neocuproine
Spectrophotometric Method  
(0.01 % to 2.00 %)  
89  
Copper by the Sulfide Precipitation-
Electrodeposition Gravimetric Method  
(0.01 % to 2.0 %)  
70  
Lead by the Ion-Exchange—Atomic
Absorption Method  
(0.001 % to 0.01 %)  
99  
Nickel by the Dimethylglyoxime
Gravimetric Method  
(0.1 % to 4.0 %)  
144  
Manganese by the Periodate
Spectrophotometric Method  
(0.10 % to 5.00 %)  
8  
Molybdenum by the Ion Exchange–
8-Hydroxyquinoline Gravimetric Method  
203  
Molybdenum by the Spectrophotometric Method  
(0.01 % to 1.50 %)  
162  
Phosphorus by the Alkalimetric Method  
(0.01 % to 0.05 %)  
136  
Phosphorus by the Molybdenum Blue
Spectrophotometric Method  
(0.002 % to 0.05 %)  
18  
Silicon by the Gravimetric Method  
(0.10 % to 2.50 %)  
45  
Sulfur by the Gravimetric
Method—Discontinued 1988  
Sulfur by the Combustion-Iodate
Titration Method—Discontinued  
Sulfur by the Chromatographic
Gravimetric Method—Discontinued 1980  
Tin by the Solvent Extraction—
Atomic Absorption Method  
(0.002 % to 0.10 %)  
152  
Vanadium by the Atomic
Absorption Method  
(0.006 % to 0.15 %)  
193
1.3 Test methods for the determination of carbon and sulfur not included in this standard can be found in Test Methods E1019.  
1.4 Some of the composition ranges given in 1.1 are too broad to be covered by a single test method and therefore this standard contains multiple test methods for some elements. The user must select the proper test method by matching the information given in the Scope and Interference sections of each test method with the composition of the alloy to be analyzed.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety conc...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This procedure is suitable for manufacturing control and for verifying that the product meets specifications. It provides rapid, multi-element determinations with sufficient accuracy to assure product quality. The analytical performance data included may be used as a benchmark to determine if similar X-ray spectrometers provide equivalent precision and accuracy, or if the performance of a particular spectrometer has changed.  
5.2 It is expected that this standard will be employed by analysts knowledgeable in the field of X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and experienced in the use of the apparatus specified in this standard.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method2 covers the analysis of stainless and alloy steels by wavelength dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry for the determination of the following elements:    
Element  
Range, Mass Fraction%  
Chromium  
2.0 to 25.0  
Cobalt  
0.03 to 0.40  
Copper  
0.05 to 3.50  
Manganese  
0.3 to 5.0  
Molybdenum  
0.15 to 3.5  
Nickel  
0.20 to 35.0  
Niobium  
0.05 to 1.3  
Phosphorus  
0.01 to 0.03  
Silicon  
0.05 to 0.20  
Sulfur  
0.02 to 0.30  
Titanium  
0.002 to 0.04  
Vanadium  
0.03 to 0.25
Note 1—Unless exceptions are noted, mass fraction ranges can be extended by the use of suitable reference materials.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 10.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These test methods for the chemical analysis of metals and alloys are primarily intended as referee methods to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications, particularly those under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committees A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and A04 on Iron Castings. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory under appropriate quality control practices such as those described in Guide E882.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of carbon steels, low-alloy steels, silicon electrical steels, ingot iron, and wrought iron having chemical compositions within the following limits:
Element Composition Range, % Aluminum0.001 to 1.50 Antimony0.002 to 0.03 Arsenic 0.0005 to 0.10 Bismuth 0.005 to 0.50 Boron 0.0005 to 0.02 Calcium 0.0005 to 0.01 Cerium 0.005 to 0.50 Chromium0.005 to 3.99 Cobalt 0.01 to 0.30 Columbium (Niobium)0.002 to 0.20 Copper 0.005 to 1.50 Lanthanum0.001 to 0.30 Lead 0.001 to 0.50 Manganese0.01 to 2.50 Molybdenum0.002 to 1.50 Nickel 0.005 to 5.00 Nitrogen0.0005 to 0.04 Oxygen 0.0001 to 0.03 Phosphorus0.001 to 0.25 Selenium0.001 to 0.50 Silicon 0.001 to 5.00 Sulfur 0.001 to 0.60 Tin 0.002 to 0.10 Titanium0.002 to 0.60 Tungsten0.005 to 0.10 Vanadium0.005 to 0.50 Zirconium0.005 to 0.15
1.2 The test methods in this standard are contained in the sections indicated as follows:
  Sections  Aluminum, Total, by the 8-Quinolinol Gravimetric Method
(0.20 % to 1.5 %)124–131 Aluminum, Total, by the 8-Quinolinol Spectrophotometric
Method (0.003 % to 0.20 %)76–86 Aluminum, Total or Acid-Soluble, by the Atomic Absorption
Spectrometry Method (0.005 % to 0.20 %)308–317 Antimony by the Brilliant Green Spectrophotometric
Method (0.0002 % to 0.030 %)142–151 Bismuth by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Method (0.02 % to 0.25 %)298–307 Boron by the Distillation-Curcumin Spectrophotometric
Method (0.0003 % to 0.006 %)208–219 Calcium by the Direct-Current Argon Plasma Atomic
Emission Spectroscopy Method (0.0005 % to 0.010 %) 289–297 Carbon, Total, by the Combustion Gravimetric Method
(0.05 % to1.80 %)Discontinued 1995 Cerium and Lanthanum by the Direct Current Plasma
Atomic Emission Spectrometry Method
(0.003 % to 0.50 % Cerium, 0.001 % to 0.30 % Lanthanum)249–257 Chromium by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Method (0.006 % to 1.00 %)220–229 Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate Oxidation-Titration
Method (0.05 % to 3.99 %) 230–238 Cobalt by the Nitroso-R Salt Spectrophotometric
Method (0.01 % to 0.30 %) 53–62 Copper by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Method (0.004 % to 0.5 %)279–288 Copper by the Neocuproine Spectrophotometric
Method (0.005 % to 1.50 %) 114–123 Lead by the Ion-ExchangeAtomic Absorption Spectrometry
Method (0.001 % to 0.50 %)132–141 Manganese by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Method (0.005 % to 2.0 %)269–278 Manganese by the Metaperiodate Spectrophotometric
Method (0.01 % to 2.5 %)9-18 Manganese by the Peroxydisulfate-Arsenite Titrimetric
Method(0.10 % to 2.50 %)164–171 Molybdenum by the Thiocyanate Spectrophotometric
Method (0.01 % to 1.50 %) 152–163 Nickel by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Method (0.003 % to 0.5 %)318–327 Nickel by the Dimethylglyoxime Gravimetric
Method (0.1 % to 5.00 %) 180–187 Nickel by the Ion-Exchange-Atomic-Absorption Spectrometry
Method (0.005 % to 1.00 %) 188–197 Phosphorus by the Alkalimetric Method
(0.02 % to 0.25 %)172–179 Phosphorus by the Molybdenum Blue Spectrophotometric
Method (0.003 % to 0.09 %)19-30 Silicon by the Molybdenum Blue Spectrophotometric
Method (0.01 % to 0.06 %) 103–113 Silicon by the Gravimetric Titration
Method (0.05 % to 3.5 %) 46–52 Sulfur by the Combustion-Iodate Titration Method
(0.005 % to 0...

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The chemical composition of cast iron alloys shall be determined accurately in order to insure the desired metallurgical properties. This procedure is suitable for manufacturing control and inspection testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the optical emission spectrometric analysis of cast iron by use of the point-to-plane technique for the following elements in the concentration ranges shown (Note 1):
Concentration Ranges, %ElementsApplicable Range, % Quantitative Range, %ACarbon1.9 to 3.81.90 to 3.8Chromium0 to 2.0 0.025 to 2.0Copper0 to 0.750.015 to 0.75Manganese0 to 1.8 0.03 to 1.8Molybdenum0 to 1.2 0.01 to 1.2Nickel0 to 2.0 0.02 to 2.0Phosphorus0 to 0.4 0.005 to 0.4Silicon0 to 2.5 0.15 to 2.5Sulfur0 to 0.080.01 to 0.08Tin0 to 0.140.004 to 0.14Titanium0 to 0.12 0.003 to 0.12Vanadium0 to 0.22 0.008 to 0.22
AQuantitative range in accordance with Practice E1601.
Note 1--The concentration ranges of the elements listed have been established through cooperative testing of reference materials. These concentration ranges can be extended by the use of suitable reference materials.
1.2 This test method covers analysis of specimens having a diameter adequate to overlap the bore of the spark stand opening (to effect an argon seal). The specimen thickness should be sufficient to prevent overheating during excitation. A heat sink backing may be used. The maximum thickness is limited only by the height that the stand will permit.
1.3This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These test methods for the chemical analysis of metals and alloys are primarily intended to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts, capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of carbon, sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen, in steel, iron, nickel, and cobalt alloys having chemical compositions within the following limits:

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This procedure is suitable for manufacturing control and for verifying that the product meets specifications. This test method provides rapid, multielement determinations with sufficient accuracy to ensure product quality and minimize production delays. The analytical performance data may be used as a benchmark to determine if similar X-ray spectrometers provide equivalent precision and accuracy, or if the performance of a particular X-ray spectrometer has changed.
Calcium is sometimes added to steel to effect inclusion shape control in order to enhance certain mechanical properties of steel. This test method is useful for determining the residual calcium in the steel after such treatment.
Because calcium occurs primarily in inclusions, the precision of this test method is a function of the distribution of the calcium-bearing inclusions in the steel. The variation of determinations on freshly prepared surfaces will give some indication of the distribution of these inclusions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis of low-alloy steels for the following elements:
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 10.