ASTM E2105-00(2016)
(Practice)Standard Practice for General Techniques of Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) Coupled With Infrared Analysis (TGA/IR)
Standard Practice for General Techniques of Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) Coupled With Infrared Analysis (TGA/IR)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice provides general guidelines for the practice of thermogravimetry coupled with infrared spectrometric detection and analysis (TGA/IR). This practice assumes that the thermogravimetry involved in the practice is proper. It is not the intention of this practice to instruct the user on proper thermogravimetric techniques. Please refer to Test Method E1131 for more information.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers techniques that are of general use in the qualitative analysis of samples by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) coupled with infrared (IR) spectrometric techniques. The combination of these techniques is often referred to as TGA/IR.
1.2 A sample heated in a TGA furnace using a predetermined temperature profile typically undergoes one or more weight losses. Materials evolved during these weight losses are then analyzed using infrared spectroscopy to determine chemical identity. The analysis may involve collecting discrete evolved gas samples or, more commonly, may involve passing the evolved gas through a heated flowcell during the TGA experiment. The general techniques of TGA/IR and other corresponding techniques, such as TGA coupled with mass spectroscopy (TGA/MS), as well as, TGA, used in conjunction with GC/IR, are described in the referenced literature (1-4).2
1.3 Some thermal analysis instruments are designed to perform both thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry simultaneously. This type of instrument is sometimes called a simultaneous thermal analyzer (STA). The evolved gas analysis performed with an STA instrument (5) is similar to that with a TGA, and so, would be covered by this practice. With use of a simultaneous thermal analyzer, the coupled method typically is labeled STA/IR.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This statement does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E2105 − 00 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Practice for
General Techniques of Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)
1
Coupled With Infrared Analysis (TGA/IR)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2105; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
3
1.1 Thispracticecoverstechniquesthatareofgeneralusein 2.1 ASTM Standards:
thequalitativeanalysisofsamplesbythermogravimetricanaly- E131Terminology Relating to Molecular Spectroscopy
sis(TGA)coupledwithinfrared(IR)spectrometrictechniques. E168Practices for General Techniques of Infrared Quanti-
The combination of these techniques is often referred to as tative Analysis
TGA/IR. E334Practice for General Techniques of Infrared Micro-
analysis
1.2 A sample heated in a TGA furnace using a predeter-
E473Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rhe-
mined temperature profile typically undergoes one or more
ology
weightlosses.Materialsevolvedduringtheseweightlossesare
E1131Test Method for CompositionalAnalysis byThermo-
thenanalyzedusinginfraredspectroscopytodeterminechemi-
gravimetry
cal identity. The analysis may involve collecting discrete
E1252Practice for General Techniques for Obtaining Infra-
evolved gas samples or, more commonly, may involve passing
red Spectra for Qualitative Analysis
the evolved gas through a heated flowcell during the TGA
E1421Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance
experiment. The general techniques of TGA/IR and other
of Fourier Transform Mid-Infrared (FT-MIR) Spectrom-
corresponding techniques, such as TGA coupled with mass
eters: Level Zero and Level One Tests
spectroscopy(TGA/MS),aswellas,TGA,usedinconjunction
2
with GC/IR, are described in the referenced literature (1-4).
3. Terminology
1.3 Some thermal analysis instruments are designed to
3.1 Definitions—For general definitions of terms and
perform both thermogravimetric analysis and differential scan-
symbols, refer to Terminologies E131 and E473.
ning calorimetry simultaneously. This type of instrument is
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
sometimes called a simultaneous thermal analyzer (STA). The
3.2.1 evolved gas, n—any material (or mixture) evolved
evolved gas analysis performed with an STAinstrument (5) is
from a sample during a thermogravimetric or simultaneous
similar to that with a TGA, and so, would be covered by this
thermal analysis experiment. Materials evolved from the
practice. With use of a simultaneous thermal analyzer, the
sample may be in the form of a gas, a vapor, an aerosol or as
coupled method typically is labeled STA/IR.
particulate matter. For brevity, the term “evolved gas” will be
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
used throughout this practice to indicate any material form or
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
mixture evolved from a sample.
standard.
3.2.2 evolved gas analysis (EGA), n—a technique in which
1.5 This statement does not purport to address all of the
the nature and amount of gas evolved from a sample is
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
monitored against time or temperature during a programmed
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
change in temperature of the sample.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2.3 evolved gas profile (EGP), n—an indication of the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
total amount of gases evolved, as a function of time or
temperature, during the thermogravimetric experiment. In
1 TGA/IR, this profile is calculated from the infrared spectro-
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E13 on Molecular
Spectroscopy and Separation Science and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
scopic data recorded by application of the Gram-Schmidt
mittee E13.03 on Infrared and Near Infrared Spectroscopy.
Current edition approved April 1, 2016. Published June 2016. Originally
3
approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as E2105–00(2010). For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
DOI: 10.1520/E2105-00R16. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
this standard. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr H
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.