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ASTM D4898-90(2005)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Insoluble Contamination of Hydraulic Fluids by Gravimetric Analysis

Standard Test Method for Insoluble Contamination of Hydraulic Fluids by Gravimetric Analysis

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method indicates and measures the amount of insoluble contamination of hydraulic fluids. Minimizing the levels of insoluble contamination of hydraulic fluids is essential for the satisfactory performance and long life of the equipment. Insoluble contamination can not only plug filters but can damage functional system components resulting in wear and eventual system failure.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of insoluble contamination in hydraulic fluids by gravimetric analyses. The contamination determined includes both particulate and gel-like matter, organic and inorganic, which is retained on a membrane filter disk of pore diameter as required by applicable specifications (usually 0.45 m or 0.80 m).
1.2 To indicate the nature and distribution of the particulate contamination, the gravimetric method should be supplemented by occasional particle counts of typical samples in accordance with Test Method F 312.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific warning statement, see 6.1.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2005
ICS
75.120 - Hydraulic fluids
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4898-90(2000)e1 - Standard Test Method for Insoluble Contamination of Hydraulic Fluids by Gravimetric Analysis
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Replaced By
ASTM D4898-90(2010) - Standard Test Method for Insoluble Contamination of Hydraulic Fluids by Gravimetric Analysis
Effective Date
01-Oct-2010
Referred By
ASTM D6439-23 - Standard Guide for Cleaning, Flushing, and Purification of Steam, Gas, and Hydroelectric Turbine Lubrication Systems
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM D4378-22 - Standard Practice for In-Service Monitoring of Mineral Turbine Oils for Steam, Gas, and Combined Cycle Turbines
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM D8323-20 - Standard Guide for Management of In-Service Phosphate Ester-based Fluids for Steam Turbine Electro-Hydraulic Control (EHC) Systems
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM F302-09(2021) - Standard Practice for Field Sampling of Aerospace Fluids in Containers
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM D7843-21 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Lubricant Generated Insoluble Color Bodies in In-Service Turbine Oils using Membrane Patch Colorimetry
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Referred By
ASTM D8506-23 - Standard Guide for Microbial Contamination and Biodeterioration in Turbine Oils and Turbine Oil Systems
Effective Date
01-May-2005

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ASTM D4898-90(2005) - Standard Test Method for Insoluble Contamination of Hydraulic Fluids by Gravimetric AnalysisASTM D4898-90(2005) - Standard Test Method for Insoluble Contamination of Hydraulic Fluids by Gravimetric Analysis
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ASTM D4898-90(2005) - Standard Test Method for Insoluble Contamination of Hydraulic Fluids by Gravimetric Analysis
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D4898–90(Reapproved 2005)
Standard Test Method for
Insoluble Contamination of Hydraulic Fluids by Gravimetric
1
Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4898; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope F303 Practices for Sampling for Particles in Aerospace
Fluids and Components
1.1 This test method covers the determination of insoluble
F312 Test Methods for Microscopical Sizing and Counting
contamination in hydraulic fluids by gravimetric analyses. The
Particles from Aerospace Fluids on Membrane Filters
contamination determined includes both particulate and gel-
F314 Test Methods for Identification of Metallic and Fi-
like matter, organic and inorganic, which is retained on a
brous Contaminants in Aerospace Fluids
membranefilterdiskofporediameterasrequiredbyapplicable
2.2 Military Standard:
specifications (usually 0.45 µm or 0.80 µm).
MIL-C-81302 C Cleaning Compound Solvent Trichlorotri-
1.2 To indicate the nature and distribution of the particulate
3
fluoroethane
contamination, the gravimetric method should be supple-
mented by occasional particle counts of typical samples in
3. Summary of Test Method
accordance with Test Method F312.
3.1 The insoluble contamination is determined by passing a
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
given quantity of a fluid sample through a membrane filter disk
standard.
and measuring the resultant increase in the weight of the filter.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
The fluid sample is drawn through the filter by a vacuum and
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
the insoluble contamination is collected on the surface of the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
filter. In addition, the filter disk is microscopically scanned for
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
excessively large particles, fibers, or other unusual conditions.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific
warning statement, see 6.1.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This test method indicates and measures the amount of
2. Referenced Documents
2 insoluble contamination of hydraulic fluids. Minimizing the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
levels of insoluble contamination of hydraulic fluids is essen-
A555/A555M Specification for General Requirements for
tial for the satisfactory performance and long life of the
Stainless Steel Wire and Wire Rods
equipment. Insoluble contamination can not only plug filters
D1836 Specification for Commercial Hexanes
but can damage functional system components resulting in
D2021 Specification for Neutral Detergent, 40 Percent
wear and eventual system failure.
Alkylbenzene Sulfonate Type
E319 Practice for the Evaluation of Single-Pan Mechanical
5. Apparatus
Balances
5.1 Microbalance, accurate to 0.005 mg, and the zero shall
F302 Practice for Field Sampling of Aerospace Fluids in
not drift more than 0.005 mg during the test period. The rated
Containers
accuracy shall be obtainable by personnel actually making the
weighings, under actual conditions of use and shall be verified
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
in accordance with Practice E319.
Petroleum and Petroleum Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
5.2 Membrane Filter Support, fritted glass, sintered metal,
D02.N0 on Hydraulic Fluids.
Current edition approved May 1, 2005. Published May 2005. Originally or stainless steel screen, to support 25-mm or 47 to 51-mm
´1
approved in 1965. Test Method F313 – 70 was redesignated D4898 – 73 (1983) in
membrane filters. The support shall be designed to enable
´1
1988. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D4898 – 90 (2000) . DOI:
attachment of a vacuum flask.
10.1520/D4898-90R05.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,
the ASTM website. Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4898–90 (2005)
5.3 Filtration Funnel, glass or stainless steel, minimum 8. Preparation of Apparatus
capacity 15 mL, designed to enable attachment to the mem-
8.1 The filtration funne
...

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5.1 Thermal stability characterizes physical and chemical property changes which may adversely affect an oil's lubricating performance. This test method evaluates the thermal stability of a hydraulic oil in the presence of copper and steel at 135 °C. No correlation of the test to field service has been made.
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5.1 This guide discusses ways to assess the likelihood that a hydraulic fluid will undergo biodegradation if it enters an environment that is known to support biodegradation of some substances, for example the material used as the positive control in the test. The information can be used in making or assessing claims of biodegradability of a fluid formula.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers and provides information to assist in planning a laboratory test or series of tests from which may be inferred information about the biodegradability of an unused fully formulated hydraulic fluid in its original form. Biodegradability is one of three characteristics which are assessed when judging the environmental impact of a hydraulic fluid. The other two characteristics are ecotoxicity and bioaccumulation.  
1.2 Biodegradability may be considered by type of environmental compartment: aerobic fresh water, aerobic marine, aerobic soil, and anaerobic media. Test methods for aerobic fresh water, aerobic soil and anaerobic media have been developed that are appropriate for the concerns and needs of testing in each compartment.  
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SCOPE
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4.1 The temperature at which a lubricant remains fluid and homogeneous after seven days is an index of its ability to withstand prolonged exposure to cold temperature. With vegetable oils and some synthetic esters, it is necessary to do extended cold storage testing. Quick cool, short-term tests, such as Test Methods D97 and D2500, do not adequately predict the tendency to solidify over longer time spans at cold temperatures.  
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1.1 This test method covers the fluidity and appearance of hydraulic fluids after storage at low temperature.  
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ASTM D3700-21(Practice)
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5.1 This practice allows the collection of a representative sample of LPG that may contain trace volatile dissolved components such as methane, ethane, and nitrogen. Sampling by Practice D1265 can result in a small, but predictable, loss of these lighter components. Practice D1265 is suitable for collecting samples for routine specification testing, as the small loss of light components is not significant under Specification D1835 specification requirements. Practice D3700 is recommended whenever highly accurate determination of light components is required. For example, compositions determined on samples collected according to Practice D3700 may be used to establish the product value of NGL mixtures (see Appendix X1).
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the equipment and procedures for obtaining a representative sample of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), such as specified in ASTM Specification D1835, GPA 2140, and comparable international standards. It may also be used for other natural gas liquid (NGL) products that are normally single phase (for example, NGL mix, field butane, and so forth), defined in other industry specifications or contractual agreements, and for volatile (higher vapor pressure) crude oils.
Note 1: Some floating piston cylinders have such tight piston seals that the vapor pressure of some high vapor pressure crude oils may not be sufficient to allow sampling without a handle to move the piston. An alternative sampling practice for UN Class 3 liquids (under 300 kPa at 52 °C) is Practice D8009, which utilizes a Manual Piston Cylinder (MPC) sampler.  
1.2 This practice is not intended for non-specification products that contain significant quantities of undissolved gases (N2, CO2), free water or other separated phases, such as raw or unprocessed gas/liquids mixtures and related materials. The same equipment can be used for these purposes, but additional precautions are generally needed to obtain representative samples of multi-phase products (see Appendix X1).  
1.3 This practice includes recommendations for the location of a sample point in a line or vessel. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure that the sampling point is located so as to obtain a representative sample.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.4.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
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Standard Test Method for Indicating Wear Characteristics of Non-Petroleum and Petroleum Hydraulic Fluids in a Constant Volume Vane Pump

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5.1 This test method is an indicator of the wear characteristics of non-petroleum and petroleum hydraulic fluids operating in a constant volume vane pump. Excessive wear in vane pumps could lead to malfunction of hydraulic systems in critical applications.
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1.1 This test method covers a constant volume vane pump test procedure operated at 1200 r/min and 13.8 MPa.  
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