ASTM D3874-12
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Ignition of Materials by Hot Wire Sources
Standard Test Method for Ignition of Materials by Hot Wire Sources
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
During operation of electrical equipment, including wires, resistors, and other conductors, it is possible for overheating to occur, under certain conditions of operation, or when malfunctions occur. When this happens, a possible result is ignition of the insulation material.
This test method assesses the relative resistance of electrical insulating materials to ignition by the effect of hot wire sources.
This test method determines the average time, in seconds, required for material specimens to ignite under the specified conditions of test.
This method is suitable to characterize materials, subject to the appropriate limitations of an expected precision of ±15 %, to categorize materials.
In this procedure the specimens are subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by or from this test to predict changes in the fire-test-response characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the fire test exposure conditions described in this procedure.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended to differentiate, in a preliminary fashion, among materials with respect to their resistance to ignition because of their proximity to electrically-heated wires and other heat sources.
1.2 This test method applies to molded or sheet materials available in thicknesses ranging from 0.25 to 6.4 mm (0.010 to 0.25 in.).
1.3 This test method applies to materials that are rigid at normal room temperatures. That is, it applies to materials for which the specimen does not deform during preparation, especially during the wire-wrapping step described in 10.1. Examples of deformation that render this test method inapplicable include:
1.3.1 Bowing, in either a transverse or a longitudinal direction, or twisting of the specimen, during the wire-wrapping step, to a degree visible to the eye.
1.3.2 Visible indentation of the wrapped wire into the specimen.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only. (See for further details.)
1.5 This test method measures and describes the response or materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.
Note 1—Although this test method and IEC 60695-2-20, differ in approach and in detail, data obtained using either are technically equivalent.
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Designation: D3874 − 12 AnAmerican National Standard
Standard Test Method for
1
Ignition of Materials by Hot Wire Sources
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3874; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.7 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safe-
guards for personnel and property shall be employed in
1.1 This test method is intended to differentiate, in a
conducting these tests.
preliminary fashion, among materials with respect to their
NOTE 1—Although this test method and IEC 60695-2-20, differ in
resistance to ignition because of their proximity to electrically-
approach and in detail, data obtained using either are technically equiva-
2
heated wires and other heat sources.
lent.
1.2 This test method applies to molded or sheet materials
2. Referenced Documents
available in thicknesses ranging from 0.25 to 6.4 mm (0.010 to
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
0.25 in.).
D1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
1.3 This test method applies to materials that are rigid at
E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
normal room temperatures. That is, it applies to materials for
IEEE/ASTM SI-10 American National Standard for Metric
which the specimen does not deform during preparation,
Practice
especially during the wire-wrapping step described in 10.1.
2.2 IEC Standards:
Examples of deformation that render this test method inappli-
IEC 60695-2-20 Fire HazardTesting—Section 20: Glowing/
cable include:
Hot-wire Based Test Methods, Hot-wire Coil Ignitability
1.3.1 Bowing, in either a transverse or a longitudinal
4
Test on Materials
direction, or twisting of the specimen, during the wire-
IEC 60695-4 Fire Hazard Testing—Part 4: Terminology
wrapping step, to a degree visible to the eye.
4
Concerning Fire Tests
1.3.2 Visible indentation of the wrapped wire into the
2.3 ISO Standards
specimen.
5
ISO 13943 Fire Safety—Vocabulary
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for
3. Terminology
information only. (See SI10 for further details.)
3.1 Definitions:
1.5 This test method measures and describes the response or
3.1.1 Use Terminology E176 and ISO 13943 and IEC
materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under
60695-4 for definitions of terms used in this test method and
controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all
associated with fire issues. Where differences exist in
factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the
definitions,thosecontainedinTerminologyE176shallbeused.
materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
Use Terminology D1711 for definitions of terms used in this
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the test method and associated with electrical insulation materials.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.1 ignition,n—initiationofflamingproducedbycombus-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
tion in the gaseous phase that is accompanied by the emission
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
of light.
1 3
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility of contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Subcommittee D09.21 on Fire Performance Standards. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2012. Published February 2012. Originally the ASTM website.
4
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D3874–10. DOI: Available from International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), 3 rue de
10.1520/D3874-12. Varembé, Case postale 131, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iec.ch.
2 5
K. N. Mathes, Chapter 4, “Surface Failure Measurements”, Engineering Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de
Dielectrics, Vol. IIB, Electrical Properties of Solid Insulating Materials, Measure- la Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://
ment Techniques, R. Bartnikas, Editor, ASTM STP 926,ASTM, Philadelphia, 1987. www.iso.ch.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:D3874–10 Designation:D3874–12
Standard Test Method for
1
Ignition of Materials by Hot Wire Sources
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3874; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method is intended to differentiate, in a preliminary fashion, among materials with respect to their resistance to
2
ignition because of their proximity to electrically-heated wires and other heat sources.
1.2 This test method applies to molded or sheet materials available in thicknesses ranging from 0.25 to 6.4 mm (0.010 to 0.25
in.).
1.3 This test method applies to materials that are rigid at normal room temperatures. That is, it applies to materials for which
the specimen does not deform during preparation, especially during the wire-wrapping step described in 10.1. Examples of
deformation that render this test method inapplicable include:
1.3.1 Bowing, in either a transverse or a longitudinal direction, or twisting of the specimen, during the wire-wrapping step, to
a degree visible to the eye.
1.3.2 Visible indentation of the wrapped wire into the specimen.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for
information only. (See IEEE/ASTM SI-10 for further details.)
1.5 This test method measures and describes the response or materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under
controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials,
products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.7 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these
tests.
NOTE 1—Although this test method and IEC 60695-2-20, differ in approach and in detail, data obtained using either are technically equivalent.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
IEEE/ASTM SI-10 International System of Units (SI) The Modernized Metric System
2.2 IEC Standards:
IEC 60695-2-20 Fire Hazard Testing—Section 20: Glowing/Hot-wire Based Test Methods, Hot-wire Coil Ignitability Test on
4
Materials
4
IEC 60695-4 Fire Hazard Testing—Part 4: Terminology Concerning Fire Tests
2.3 ISO Standards
5
ISO 13943 Fire Safety—Vocabulary
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D09.21 on Fire Performance Standards.
Current edition approved MarchJan. 1, 2010.2012. Published April 2010.February 2012. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 20042010 as
D3874–04.D3874–10. DOI: 10.1520/D3874-102.
2
K. N. Mathes, Chapter 4, “Surface Failure Measurements”, Engineering Dielectrics, Vol. IIB, Electrical Properties of Solid Insulating Materials, Measurement
Techniques, R. Bartnikas, Editor, ASTM STP 926, ASTM, Philadelphia, 1987.
3
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
Available from International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), 3 rue de Varembé, Case postale 131, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iec.ch.
5
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iso.ch.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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D3874–12
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Use Terminology E176 and ISO 13943 and IEC 60695-4 for definitions of terms used in this test method and associated
withfireissues.Wheredifferen
...
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