ASTM D291-86(1994)e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Cubic Foot Weight of Crushed Bituminous Coal
Standard Test Method for Cubic Foot Weight of Crushed Bituminous Coal
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers two procedures for determining the cubic foot weight of crushed coal less than 11/2 in. (37 mm) in size, such as is charged into coke ovens, as follows:
1.1.1 Procedure A -The cone procedure for determining an uncompacted weight per cubic foot (cubic metre).
1.1.2 Procedure B -The dropped-coal procedure for determining a compacted weight per cubic foot (cubic metre), comparable to actual bulk densities attained in coke ovens.
1.2 This method is not applicable to the testing of powdered coal as used in boiler plants, nor to the determination of weights per cubic foot of coal in storage piles.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units shall be regarded as the standard. Mass may be expressed in metric values.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
e1
Designation: D 291 – 86 (Reapproved 1994)
Standard Test Method for
Cubic Foot Weight of Crushed Bituminous Coal
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 291; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Section 12 was added editorially in November 1994.
1. Scope PROCEDURE A—CONE PROCEDURE FOR
UNCOMPACTED CUBIC FOOT (CUBIC METRE)
1.1 This test method covers two procedures for determining
1 WEIGHT
the cubic foot weight of crushed coal less than 1 ⁄2 in. (37 mm)
in size, such as is charged into coke ovens, as follows:
4. Apparatus
1.1.1 Procedure A—The cone procedure for determining an
4.1 Measuring Box, of rigid construction, having inside
uncompacted weight per cubic foot (cubic metre).
dimensions of 12.0 by 12.0 by 12.0 in. (305 by 305 by 305
1.1.2 Procedure B—The dropped-coal procedure for deter-
3 3 3
mm), and a volume of 1728 6 5 in. (0.0283 m 6 82 cm ). The
mining a compacted weight per cubic foot (cubic metre),
exact volume of the box shall be determined by water
comparable to actual bulk densities attained in coke ovens.
calibration.
1.2 This method is not applicable to the testing of powdered
4.2 Cone, conforming to Fig. 1 for filling the box. This cone
coal as used in boiler plants, nor to the determination of
shall be 2 ft 0 in. (610 mm) high and 1 ft 8 in. (508 mm) in
weights per cubic foot of coal in storage piles.
inside diameter at the top, with a circular opening 4 ⁄2 in. (114
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units shall be regarded
mm) in diameter at the bottom. A slide valve consisting of a
as the standard. Mass may be expressed in metric values.
sliding-plate shutter and its supports shall be welded to the
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
bottom of the cone in such a manner that the valve may be
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
opened and closed with ease by removing or inserting the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
shutter in its supporting slides. The cone shall be supported in
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
a tripod frame having a circular opening at the top of about 1
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ft 6 in. (457 mm) in diameter. This frame shall support the cone
2. Referenced Documents so that the top-side of the shutter shall be 1 ft 10 in. (559 mm)
from the inside bottom surface of the box. (See Fig. 1.)
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.3 Leveling Bar, a steel strip 2 ft 6 in. long by 1 ⁄2 in. wide
D 311 Method for Sieve Analysis of Crushed Bituminous
(762 by 38 mm) and approximately ⁄16 in. (5 mm) thick.
Coal
4.4 Scales, platform, capable of weighing up to 200 lb (100
D 440 Method of Drop Shatter Test for Coal
kg) and sensitive to 0.1 lb (0.05 kg).
D 2234 Test Methods for Collection of a Gross Sample of
Coal
5. Sampling
D 3038 Test Method for Drop Shatter Test for Coke
3 5.1 Gross Sample—For collecting gross samples of crushed
D 3302 Test Method for Total Moisture in Coal
bituminous coal, the procedure described in Sections 7 and 8 of
3. Significance and Use Methods D 2234 shall apply. During the period of collecting
the gross sample, the increments of the sample shall be stored
3.1 This test method concerns the compaction of crushed
in a waterproof container with a tightly fitting cover in order to
coal to determine either its compacted or uncompacted weight,
prevent the loss of moisture. The minimum number and
for purposes such as charging coke ovens.
weights of increments collected shall be in accordance with
Table 2 of Methods D 2234. The minimum gross weight of the
sample shall be 300 lb (136 kg).
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-5 on Coal and
5.2 Laboratory Sample—The gross sample of coal shall be
Coke and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D05.07 on Physical
thoroughly mixed and subdivided, without crushing, into four
Characterization and Beneficiation of Coal and Coal Slurries.
75-lb (34-kg) portions. This operation shall be done as quickly
Current edition approved Sept. 26, 1986. Published November 1986. Originally
as possible to avoid loss of moisture, and the cubic foot (cubic
published as D 291 – 27 T. Last previous edition D 291 – 60 (1980).
Discontinued; see 1988 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.05.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.05.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 291
NOTE 1—1 in. 5 25.4 mm
FIG. 1 Apparatus for Cone Procedure
metre) weight shall be determined immediately. If this deter- box on the platform scale and weigh it to the nearest 0.1 lb
mination cannot be made immediately, the samples shall be (0.05 kg). Avoid jarring or shifting of the filled box until all
kept in waterproof containers with tightly fitting covers until excess coal is leveled off. Record the difference in weight
the time for making the determination. between the filled and empty box to the nearest 0.1 lb (0.05 kg)
as the uncompacted cubic foot weight.
6. Procedure
NOTE 1—Aside from the character of the coal itself, moisture content
6.1 Before filling the cone hopper, level it in its tripod on a
and size distribution of the coal are the two main factors which affect the
solid floor. Pour the prepared sample into a pile on the floor and
cubic foot weight. A moisture determination and sieve analysis of the coal
should be reported along with the cubic foot weight for proper interpre-
carefully flatten it to about 4 in. (100 mm) in thickness. Avoid
tation of the cubic foot weight. For directions for making these determi-
pounding of the pile with the back of the shovel. Take
nations, see the following:
successive shovelfuls from uniformly distributed points in the
Moisture—Test Method D 3302.
pile, and allow them to slide gently from the shovel into the
Sieve Analysis—Method D 311.
hopper at different peripheral points. This will prevent segre-
7. Precision and Bias
gation and packing while the hopper is being filled. Place about
75 lb (34 kg) of coal in the hopper. 7.1 Repeatability:
6.2 Center the previously weighed cubic foot (cubic metre) 7.1.1 Duplicate results by the same operator in a given
box under the valve of the cone. Then remove the valve shutter laboratory on consecutive tests determined within a minimum
completely, allowing all of the coal to flow into the box and interval of time shall be considered suspect if they differ by
3 3
overflow the edges. Loosen wet coal, not flowing freely from more than 0.6 lb/ft (9.6 kg/m ).
the hopper, by gently thrusting downward through the coal to 7.1.2 When two results are obtained that differ by more than
the valve with the leveling bar. this value, two additional tests shall be made. If the second pair
6.3 After filling the box, carefully level off the excess coal of results differs by less than the repeatability, the first pair
above the box edge by means of the leveling bar, and place the shall be discarded and the mean of the second pair shall be
D 291
NOTE 1—1 in. 5 25.4 mm
1lb 5 0.4359 kg
FIG. 2 Apparatus for Dropped Coal Procedure
reported as the
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