ASTM D4002-81(1995)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Evaluation of Buffable Shoe Polish
Standard Practice for Evaluation of Buffable Shoe Polish
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the definition of properties to test and the apparatus to use, in evaluating the performance of buffable shoe polishes.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
Designation: D 4002 – 81 (Reapproved 1995)
Standard Practice for
Evaluation of Buffable Shoe Polish
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4002; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope conducted for smooth-grained leather substrates to which the
most current leather finishes have been applied at a tannery.
1.1 This practice covers the definition of properties to test
The finished leather should be the exact type normally used by
and the apparatus to use, in evaluating the performance of
the shoe manufacturer to fabricate everyday dress shoes. Test
buffable shoe polishes.
substrates of man-made materials should be obtained in the
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
same manner. The test surface should be in good physical
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
condition, not badly cracked, scratched, or otherwise damaged
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
so as to interfere with evaluation of polish properties. Various
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
colors are required, see Section 9.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.4 Applicators—Several methods of shoe polish applica-
2. Terminology
tion to substrates should be tested. Various types of applicators
include brush, cloth, and foam. The same type of applicator
2.1 shoe polish—aids in cleaning, improving the appear-
should be used to apply the polish for both the control and test
ance, and protecting leather or other shoe materials from such
polish.
common damaging effects as scuffs, water, salt water, and other
4.5 Polishing Cloth—The same type of polishing cloth
surface deposits, commonly encountered with the use of shoes
should be used for each sample. Materials such as washed
outdoors or indoors. A buffable shoe polish requires buffing to
cheese cloth, rumple cloth, flannel, cotton diaper cloth, and
obtain appearance improvements.
nonwoven fabrics are suitable for this purpose. Felt or paper
3. Significance and Use
should not be used.
4.6 Polishing Brush—A separate horsehair brush or horse-
3.1 This practice is intended to define the properties to be
hair composition shoe brush should be used with each sample.
tested, the apparatus to use, and the comparisons of product
4.7 Cleaning Solvent—Aliphatic solvents with kauri-
performance. It is recognized that considerable discretion
butanol values less than 38.
exists among formulators and marketers of shoe polish on what
4.8 Eye Droppers and Tap Water.
properties or performance characteristics are best for their
4.9 Sharp Metal Knife.
products. This practice will be flexible to honor this fact within
4.10 Light-Colored Wool, Polyester/Cotton Pieces of trou-
the confines of the shoe polish definition in 2.1.
ser or dress clothing.
4. Apparatus and Materials
4.11 Thermometer.
4.12 Humidity Gage.
4.1 Test Polish.
4.2 Control Polish—The control polish is selected subjec-
5. Precautions
tively for comparison to the test polish. It may be a competitive
5.1 The temperature and relative humidity of the test runs
product, a modified formulation of the test polish, etc. The one
should be measured and recorded. The temperature should be
stipulation is that, the control polish be of the same or similar
within 13 to 29°C (55 to 85°F) with a relative humidity of 20
type as the test polish. For example, if the test polish is an
to 80 %.
aerosol-emulsion polish, the control should be an aerosol-
5.2 The substrate should have the same temperature as the
emulsion polish. It would not be meaningful to select a paste or
surrounding area.
liquid product as a control for comparison to an aerosol-
5.3 Comparisons should not be made between two separate
emulsion test polish.
swatches (or leather objects) since leather substrates may vary
4.3 Test Substrates—The test substrate should be one for
widely.
which the test polish is intended. Separate tests should be
5.4 Leather substrates are normally used only one time.
6. Personnel and Instructions
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-21 on Polishes
6.1 The application and evaluation of the test and control
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D21.04 on Performance Tests.
Current edition approved March 27, 1981. Published May 1981.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 4002
polishes require four individuals. They should be capable of 9.1.2 Final Properties—Evaluate any or all of the following
making discriminating judgments of subjective physical and properties no sooner than 5 min following application:
aesthetic properties. Training and orientation to specific prod-
9.1.2.1 Gloss—Evaluate as depth of gloss and buffing.
uct performance characteristics may be required.
9.1.2.2 Uniformity—Observe the surface for streaks, unpol-
6.1.1 The four persons should apply the polishes to one of
ished dry spots, and general uniformity.
each of the four test substrates. All persons then rate all
9.1.2.3 Film Clarity—Observe the clearness or sharpness of
properties, except application properties, on the remaining
an object’s image in the surface of the polish. Overhead lights,
three panels that they did not apply polish to. The persons
face, hand, or other objects may be used for reflection. This test
applying the polishes should rate ease of use and other
may be eliminated for low-lustre surfaces that do not possess
application properties. This means there will be only four
mirror-like finishes.
readings on application properties. The three rating the other
9.1.2.4 Smear and Scuff Resistance—Smear is the degree of
properties, do not observe the application because they rate
oiliness or greasiness after the polish is rubbed-up to the
properties of each polish “blind.”
desired polish appearance. Scuff is the degree of film damage
resulting from a glancing blow to the polish substrate. Check
7. Procedure
smear by making a design such as an “S” with one’s finger. A
7.1 Cleaning of Test Substrates—An aliphatic solvent hav-
glancing blow with one’s knuckles or soft object such as a
ing a kauri-butanol value less than 38 should be used to lightly
book or magazine may be used for determining the degree of
wipe the test substrate. Soft cotton towels may be used to apply
scuff.
the solvent to the surface and to wipe it clean. New or
9.1.2.5 Film Healing—Observe the length of time required
adequately laundered towels should be used each time.
for the smear or scuff in 9.1.2.4 to disappear from the polish
7.2 Surface Subdivision—The precleaned surface of each
film, should it occur.
test substrate should be divided and outlined by tape with
9.1.2.6 Rebuffability—Observe the ease of completeness or
uniform squares.
repairability when the smears and scuffs are buffed with a
7.3 Application of polish or wax—Assuming the control
polishing cloth. The amount of physical effort and length of
polish or the test polish is a commercially available product,
time required is noted.
follow the directions on the container as far as possible. When
9.1.2.7 Cleaning—Observe the ease of removal of old
in doubt on the method of use, the directions for similar
polish films, as well as common soiling materials such as dust,
products may be used. Equal volumes of control and test polish
grease, oils, finger marks, beverage stains, etc. This may be
or wax should be used to avoid excessively thin or heavy coats.
done either in the laboratory or observed during actual use
One or two applications may be used depending on the
trials of the products. In the laboratory, removal of old polish
substrate and the discretion of the tester. The same number of
may be determined by applying multiple coats (10 to 20
coats must be used for both the test sample and the control.
applications) and determining polish build-up. A polish show-
8. Placement of Polishes or Waxes
ing little build-up would be rated a good cleaner for old polish.
8.1 Method A—A controlled, randomized method of laying
Other materials, such as grease, oils, etc., should be tested on
ou
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